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Earth`s Interior
Earth`s Interior

... represent larger and smaller than average local magnetic field strengths, respectively ...
Planetary interiors and surfaces
Planetary interiors and surfaces

... Body waves propagating through the Earth The velocities of the body waves depend on the density, compressibility, and the rigidity of the material they travel through: velocities increase with density or depth. The waves behave according to Snell’s law! • Waves can also reflect from the crust and/o ...
Shear-Wave Splitting
Shear-Wave Splitting

... Polarizations of split shear waves are orthogonal Crack anisotropy always decreases with depth as fluid filled cracks are closed by lithostatic pressure. Signal-to-noise ratios of shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes can be improved by stacking. ...
Evolution of the multipolar magnetic field in isolated neutron stars
Evolution of the multipolar magnetic field in isolated neutron stars

... …l . lmax , 20† the fine structure would be so small that it would be lost in the finite time resolution of observations. Therefore, l values in the range 5 to lmax would be the major contributors to the observed structure of the pulse profile. However, as seen from Figs 1 and 2, multipoles of such ...
Internal Structure of the Earth Self
Internal Structure of the Earth Self

... anywhere along the Equator, facing either north or south, only anywhere along the Equator, facing either east or west, only at a rotational pole, facing in any direction anywhere along the Equator, facing in any direction 9. The Curie Temperature is important in explaining: the effect of the outer c ...
Finding Earthquake Epicenters - High School of Language and
Finding Earthquake Epicenters - High School of Language and

... Earthquake, how far apart are the P and S waves? 4. How far apart are they after 13 minutes? ...
Objectives - cloudfront.net
Objectives - cloudfront.net

... • Remember that tectonic plates move very_______________. Sometimes rocks move along easily with the plates, but they can also jam up against a plate or between two_______________. Over time, stress builds up within the rock at the plates_______________ against each other. ...
Ch. 5 - Power Point Review
Ch. 5 - Power Point Review

... 2. Place seismograms on a time distance chart 3. Line up seismogram (P & S waves on time ...
Earth`s interior volc eq2
Earth`s interior volc eq2

... • This energy travels as seismic waves. ...
docx: Earth`s Interior Pre Assessment
docx: Earth`s Interior Pre Assessment

... a. Greenhouse gases build up in the atmosphere and give off heat. b. Solar particles are caught in the magnetic field and hit the atmosphere. c. The magnetic field reverses itself and temporarily stops. d. Water vapor caught in the magnetic field condenses. 29. If you were a scientist who studies th ...
Plate Boundaries and Earthquake Science
Plate Boundaries and Earthquake Science

...  never through the crust  5km thick (ocean) and 35km thick (continents)  in contrast, the Earth has a radius of 6,370km o examining the seismic waves as they pass through the Earth  waves change speeds when they pass through different rock compositions and density  seismologists can model these ...
Land & The Earth
Land & The Earth

... Crust– 1st layer is solid rock. The thinnest layer. Lithosphere – The layer that is the crust and the top of the mantle. Lithos means “rock”. Asthenosphere – The layer just below the lithosphere & is part of the upper mantle. Acts like a plastic, with low density. The layer that moves the crustal pl ...
Interior of the Earth
Interior of the Earth

... regions: A. B. ...
The Dynamic Crust
The Dynamic Crust

...  A transform boundary occurs when two plates slide past one another. This dragging builds up potential energy which is eventually released as kinetic energy as earthquakes ...
Earthquakes
Earthquakes

... It is estimated that there are 500,000 detectable earthquakes in the world each year. 100,000 of those can be felt, and 100 of them cause damage. The world's deadliest recorded earthquake occurred in 1557 in central China. It struck a region where most people lived in caves carved from soft rock. Th ...
Convergent Boundaries
Convergent Boundaries

... •Two different types of seismic waves have been described by geologists: body waves and surface waves. •Body waves are seismic waves that travel through the lithosphere. Two kinds of body waves exist: P-waves and Swaves. • Both of these waves produce a sharp jolt or shaking. •P-waves or primary wav ...
a. Transverse or Shear wave
a. Transverse or Shear wave

... one crest to the top of the next or the distance between any successive identical part of the wave ...
Dynamic_Planet_CyFalls_
Dynamic_Planet_CyFalls_

... 20. Which set of waves are probably surface waves? A. B. C. D. ...
Magnetic Reversal LAB 2017
Magnetic Reversal LAB 2017

... near the geographic south pole. Magnetic field lines extend from these poles for tens of thousands of kilometers into space; this is the Earth’s magneto sphere. The geographic poles and the magnetic poles are far enough apart that scientists distinguish them differently. If you could draw a line bet ...
Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics

... magnetic field when they form. How do we measure the ‘magnetism’ of a rock? ...
The Dynamic Crust Topic 4 Topic 12 in Review Book
The Dynamic Crust Topic 4 Topic 12 in Review Book

... A transform boundary occurs when two plates slide past one another. This dragging builds up potential energy which is eventually released as kinetic energy as earthquakes The San Andreas Fault is an example of this type of sliding boundary Convection Currents Convection currents drag or push plates ...
Common types of mountain glaciers
Common types of mountain glaciers

... in the world each year. 100,000 of those can be felt, and 100 of them cause damage. The world's deadliest recorded earthquake occurred in 1557 in central China. It struck a region where most people lived in caves carved from soft rock. These dwellings collapsed during the earthquake, killing an esti ...
Earth`s Magnetic Field, Atmosphere and Geology
Earth`s Magnetic Field, Atmosphere and Geology

... and south. • However, the earth’s rotation causes the Coriolis Effect. This causes moving wind to turn or deflect to the right in the northern hemisphere. The circulation cells turn into tubes, allowing the winds to move all the way around the globe. ...
EARTHQUAKES
EARTHQUAKES

... Pen stays relatively still due to inertia of heavy mass Rotating drum moves with the ground vibration ...
Geomagnetic Storms - Thought Leadership
Geomagnetic Storms - Thought Leadership

... Solar activity follows a roughly 11-year cycle. The next maximum in solar activity is expected to occur in late 2012 or early 2013 (see Figure 1). This is based on observations of sunspot activity and other metrics of solar activity, and points to an increase in the number of solar flares and the ej ...
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Ionospheric dynamo region

In the height region between about 85 and 200 km altitude on Earth, the ionospheric plasma is electrically conducting. Atmospheric tidal winds due to differential solar heating or due to gravitational lunar forcing move the ionospheric plasma against the geomagnetic field lines thus generating electric fields and currents just like a dynamo coil moving against magnetic field lines. That region is therefore called ionospheric dynamo region. The magnetic manifestation of these electric currents on the ground can be observed during magnetospheric quiet conditions. They are called Sq-variations (S=solar; q=quiet) and L-variations (L=lunar) of the geomagnetic field.Additional electric currents are generated by the varying magnetospheric electric convection field. These are the DP1-currents (the auroral electrojets) and the polar DP2-currents. Finally, a polar-ring current has been derived from the observations which depends on the polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field. These geomagnetic variations belong to the so-called external part of the geomagnetic field. Their amplitudes reach at most about 1% of the main internal geomagnetic field Bo.
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