Supplementary Figure Legends - Word file (28 KB )
... Figure S1. Expression patterns of eight GAL4 drivers within the MB peduncle. (a) Expression of a nuclear-targeted GFP reporter was driven by each of eight MB GAL4 drivers. Confocal images of brain whole mounts were deconvoluted, and virtual crosssections were reconstructed through the MB peduncle pr ...
... Figure S1. Expression patterns of eight GAL4 drivers within the MB peduncle. (a) Expression of a nuclear-targeted GFP reporter was driven by each of eight MB GAL4 drivers. Confocal images of brain whole mounts were deconvoluted, and virtual crosssections were reconstructed through the MB peduncle pr ...
Neurotransmitters and Sleep
... a wide reaching and general effect when stimulated. As with ACh, both of these neurotransmitters, and the corresponding brain structures play an important role in cortical activation in general, though their specific effects are more complex. Experiments with lab animals have found that stimulation ...
... a wide reaching and general effect when stimulated. As with ACh, both of these neurotransmitters, and the corresponding brain structures play an important role in cortical activation in general, though their specific effects are more complex. Experiments with lab animals have found that stimulation ...
Minh Tran - Dr Magrann
... peptide promotes wakefulness, inhibits REM sleep, and associates with motor control Narcoleptics generally do not have as many neurons that secrete hypocretin, which inhibits the ability to fully control alertness and accounts for tendency to fall asleep ...
... peptide promotes wakefulness, inhibits REM sleep, and associates with motor control Narcoleptics generally do not have as many neurons that secrete hypocretin, which inhibits the ability to fully control alertness and accounts for tendency to fall asleep ...
B. F. Skinner
... roused from Stage 4 sleep will be groggy and confused. Altogether, it takes about a half hour to pass through these four stages of sleep. Rapid eye movement (REM sleep), which makes up approximately 20 percent of sleep time, is interspersed with NREM sleep every 30 to 40 minutes throughout the night ...
... roused from Stage 4 sleep will be groggy and confused. Altogether, it takes about a half hour to pass through these four stages of sleep. Rapid eye movement (REM sleep), which makes up approximately 20 percent of sleep time, is interspersed with NREM sleep every 30 to 40 minutes throughout the night ...
Stages of Sleep
... and, more importantly to the psychologist, our brain activity is even more varied than it is during the normal waking state. Before we begin talking about the characteristics of sleep it is useful to consider the tools researchers use to measure these stages of sleep. Sleep Stages: Measures When a s ...
... and, more importantly to the psychologist, our brain activity is even more varied than it is during the normal waking state. Before we begin talking about the characteristics of sleep it is useful to consider the tools researchers use to measure these stages of sleep. Sleep Stages: Measures When a s ...
PSYC550 Sleep and Sex
... – A nucleus in the ventral posterior hypothalamus, just rostral to the mammillary bodies; contains histaminergic neurons involved in cortical activation and behavioral arousal. ...
... – A nucleus in the ventral posterior hypothalamus, just rostral to the mammillary bodies; contains histaminergic neurons involved in cortical activation and behavioral arousal. ...
CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE BRAIN A. PRIMARY MOTOR
... - projects to basal cholinergic system - desynchronized EEG of REM ...
... - projects to basal cholinergic system - desynchronized EEG of REM ...
Lecture 7 Rhythms of the Brain
... hypothalamus, directly above the optic chiasm. – SCN lesions disrupt circadian cycles, fetal SCN tissue transplants restore circadian cycles. ...
... hypothalamus, directly above the optic chiasm. – SCN lesions disrupt circadian cycles, fetal SCN tissue transplants restore circadian cycles. ...
Rhythms of Waking and Sleep 2 Day Circadian Examples
... • SCN very sensitive, very adaptive – this allows “resetting” of our biological clock with the seasons, changes in time zones, etc. ...
... • SCN very sensitive, very adaptive – this allows “resetting” of our biological clock with the seasons, changes in time zones, etc. ...
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP By Dr. Mohammad
... • The diurnal change in melatonin secretion from serotonin in the pineal gland functions as a timing signal to coordinate events with the light– dark cycle, including the sleep–wake cycle. ...
... • The diurnal change in melatonin secretion from serotonin in the pineal gland functions as a timing signal to coordinate events with the light– dark cycle, including the sleep–wake cycle. ...
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers
... releases growth hormone. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less ...
... releases growth hormone. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less ...
CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE BRAIN A. PRIMARY MOTOR
... - projects to basal cholinergic system - desynchronized EEG of REM ...
... - projects to basal cholinergic system - desynchronized EEG of REM ...
Chapter-3-Lecture
... predators loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm’s way. 2. Sleep Helps us Recover: Sleep helps restore and repair brain tissue. 3. Sleep Helps us Remember: Sleep restores and rebuilds our fading memories. 4. Sleep may play a role in the growth process: During sleep, the pituitary gland releases ...
... predators loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm’s way. 2. Sleep Helps us Recover: Sleep helps restore and repair brain tissue. 3. Sleep Helps us Remember: Sleep restores and rebuilds our fading memories. 4. Sleep may play a role in the growth process: During sleep, the pituitary gland releases ...
What is the activation-synthesis hypothesis? What is an addiction
... which attention is widened to include an awareness of one’s total subjective experience. ...
... which attention is widened to include an awareness of one’s total subjective experience. ...
Week 14 The Memory Function of Sleep
... Pontogeniculo-occipital (PGO) waves and the EEG theta rhythm support REM sleep-dependent consolidation processes. In rats: • an increase in REM sleep PGO-wave density for 3–4 hours following training on an active avoidance task. • Improvement in post-sleep task performance • Increased activity of pl ...
... Pontogeniculo-occipital (PGO) waves and the EEG theta rhythm support REM sleep-dependent consolidation processes. In rats: • an increase in REM sleep PGO-wave density for 3–4 hours following training on an active avoidance task. • Improvement in post-sleep task performance • Increased activity of pl ...
Infant Sleep: A Precursor to Adult Sleep?
... million Americans with sleep disorders who suffer crippling fatigue, impaired judgment, irritability, moodiness, and myriad health problems. Still, its precise function remains unclear. An intriguing role for REM sleep—the stage most closely associated with dreaming—was suggested almost 40 years ago ...
... million Americans with sleep disorders who suffer crippling fatigue, impaired judgment, irritability, moodiness, and myriad health problems. Still, its precise function remains unclear. An intriguing role for REM sleep—the stage most closely associated with dreaming—was suggested almost 40 years ago ...
Unit 5: States of Consciousness
... BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS • The human body has 4 biological rhythms: • Annual cycle seasonal variations in appetite, sleep habits, and moods • 28-day cycles female menstrual cycle ...
... BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS • The human body has 4 biological rhythms: • Annual cycle seasonal variations in appetite, sleep habits, and moods • 28-day cycles female menstrual cycle ...
File - McMurray VMC
... Circadian Rhythms occur on a 24-hour cycle and include sleep and wakefulness. Termed our “biological clock,” it can be altered by artificial light. ...
... Circadian Rhythms occur on a 24-hour cycle and include sleep and wakefulness. Termed our “biological clock,” it can be altered by artificial light. ...
Count the black dots
... Rubin & Terman (2004) proposed that DBS targets STN • Normal state: Irregular, no correlations in STN cells ...
... Rubin & Terman (2004) proposed that DBS targets STN • Normal state: Irregular, no correlations in STN cells ...
UNIVERSITY OF MALTA
... channels gives rise to low threshold Ca2+ potentials and associated high frequency bursts of action potentials that are present during sleep spindles and delta wave. In addition, the window component of the T-type current is essential for the generation of the slow (< 1Hz) oscillation (Hughes et al. ...
... channels gives rise to low threshold Ca2+ potentials and associated high frequency bursts of action potentials that are present during sleep spindles and delta wave. In addition, the window component of the T-type current is essential for the generation of the slow (< 1Hz) oscillation (Hughes et al. ...
2 - New Page 1
... • Body heating leads to more slow-wave sleep in humans • Sleep-deprived rats • prefer higher ambient temperatures (10 ...
... • Body heating leads to more slow-wave sleep in humans • Sleep-deprived rats • prefer higher ambient temperatures (10 ...
Sleep
Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles, and reduced interactions with surroundings. It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli, but is more easily reversed than the state of hibernation or of being comatose. Mammalian sleep occurs in repeating periods, in which the body alternates between two highly distinct modes known as non-REM and REM sleep. REM stands for ""rapid eye movement"" but involves many other aspects including virtual paralysis of the body.During sleep, most systems in an animal are in an anabolic state, building up the immune, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems. Sleep in non-human animals is observed in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, and, in some form, in insects and even in simpler animals such as nematodes. The internal circadian clock promotes sleep daily at night in diurnal species (such as humans) and in the day in nocturnal organisms (such as rodents). However, sleep patterns vary widely among animals and among different individual humans. Industrialization and artificial light have substantially altered human sleep habits in the last 100 years.The diverse purposes and mechanisms of sleep are the subject of substantial ongoing research. Sleep seems to assist animals with improvements in the body and mind. A well-known feature of sleep in humans is the dream, an experience typically recounted in narrative form, which resembles waking life while in progress, but which usually can later be distinguished as fantasy. Humans may suffer from a number of sleep disorders. These include dyssomnias (such as insomnia, hypersomnia, and sleep apnea), parasomnias (such as sleepwalking and REM behavior disorder), bruxism, and the circadian rhythm sleep disorders.