Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... subsequently shown that a linear correlation between spindle density and recall performance was not ubiquitous as it applied to verbal learning and visuospatial memory but not to a facial recognition test [14, 15]. Spindles occur during various stages of non-REM sleep and can be associated with slow ...
... subsequently shown that a linear correlation between spindle density and recall performance was not ubiquitous as it applied to verbal learning and visuospatial memory but not to a facial recognition test [14, 15]. Spindles occur during various stages of non-REM sleep and can be associated with slow ...
"Sleep and Memory". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... learning (in this example, a neuron in the hippocampus). NMDAR activation during sleep may be necessary for some early forms of consolidation (Gais et al., 2008), whereas PKA, CaMKII and CREB activation and protein synthesis are correlated with the time-dependent requirement for sleep in other forms ...
... learning (in this example, a neuron in the hippocampus). NMDAR activation during sleep may be necessary for some early forms of consolidation (Gais et al., 2008), whereas PKA, CaMKII and CREB activation and protein synthesis are correlated with the time-dependent requirement for sleep in other forms ...
Ictal SPECT in patients with rapid eye movement
... Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder is a parasomnia characterized by acting out dreams with screaming, hitting, thrashing and frequent self-injury. It has gained major attention because 81% of the patients with the idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder form convert within 10–15 years ...
... Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder is a parasomnia characterized by acting out dreams with screaming, hitting, thrashing and frequent self-injury. It has gained major attention because 81% of the patients with the idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder form convert within 10–15 years ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... Sprague Dawley rats (Shiromani et al., 2000), and this duration was also observed in the saline-treated rats in the present study (Table 2). In addition to these electrophysiological criteria, a behavioral determination of a SOREM P was made when the videotape showed that the rat was lying down, had ...
... Sprague Dawley rats (Shiromani et al., 2000), and this duration was also observed in the saline-treated rats in the present study (Table 2). In addition to these electrophysiological criteria, a behavioral determination of a SOREM P was made when the videotape showed that the rat was lying down, had ...
Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... slow-wave sleep intensity or integrity), not just the quantity of sleep, is crucial for sleep-related processes such as memory and learning.22 It is possible that sleep quality may be the critical factor in correlations between sleep and metabolic processes as well. Of note, sleep quality is not unr ...
... slow-wave sleep intensity or integrity), not just the quantity of sleep, is crucial for sleep-related processes such as memory and learning.22 It is possible that sleep quality may be the critical factor in correlations between sleep and metabolic processes as well. Of note, sleep quality is not unr ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... in sleeping human infants suggested that the capacity to learn while asleep, perhaps unique to infants, reflects the enhanced plasticity of the brain early in development (Fifer et al., 2010). In contrast with this intense and growing interest in sleep and its effects on cognitive function, it is no ...
... in sleeping human infants suggested that the capacity to learn while asleep, perhaps unique to infants, reflects the enhanced plasticity of the brain early in development (Fifer et al., 2010). In contrast with this intense and growing interest in sleep and its effects on cognitive function, it is no ...
Physiological Mechanisms of Sleep and Waking
... A neurological disorder in which the person does not become paralyzed during REM sleep and thus acts out dreams. Like narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorder appears to be a neurodegenerative disorder with at least some genetic component (Schenck et al., 1993). It is often associated with better-kno ...
... A neurological disorder in which the person does not become paralyzed during REM sleep and thus acts out dreams. Like narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorder appears to be a neurodegenerative disorder with at least some genetic component (Schenck et al., 1993). It is often associated with better-kno ...
Conscious Modulation in Normal Sleep
... Abstract: The phenomenological relationship between consciousness and sleep are reviewed. Consciousness has a selfreflexive component, and while sleeping that is not working as in awakenings. The necessity of some change in narrow concepts of conscious as to be aware and self reflective as well of s ...
... Abstract: The phenomenological relationship between consciousness and sleep are reviewed. Consciousness has a selfreflexive component, and while sleeping that is not working as in awakenings. The necessity of some change in narrow concepts of conscious as to be aware and self reflective as well of s ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the following: monitors for airflow at the nose and mouth, respiratory effort strain gauges placed around the chest and abdomen, and noninvasive oxygen saturation monitors ...
... which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the following: monitors for airflow at the nose and mouth, respiratory effort strain gauges placed around the chest and abdomen, and noninvasive oxygen saturation monitors ...
The contribution of sleep to hippocampus
... architecture and sleep stage-associated electrophysiological phenomena immediately following training. In recent studies more fine-grained manipulations were applied: rather than abolishing an entire sleep stage, specific processes of brain activity during a certain sleep stage were modified after l ...
... architecture and sleep stage-associated electrophysiological phenomena immediately following training. In recent studies more fine-grained manipulations were applied: rather than abolishing an entire sleep stage, specific processes of brain activity during a certain sleep stage were modified after l ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlates of rhythms that characterize NREM sleep, the presence of waking values of delta power is likely to obscure the interpretation of the results. Therefore, in our second analysis ...
... NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlates of rhythms that characterize NREM sleep, the presence of waking values of delta power is likely to obscure the interpretation of the results. Therefore, in our second analysis ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... EEG waves indicate that electrical activity is waxing and waning in sampled cortex; if activity were random, discharges would cancel out and no waves would be produced. EEG waves are due to: 1) oscillating activity within cortex (CORTICAL DIPOLES) 2) oscillation in feedback circuits between thal ...
... EEG waves indicate that electrical activity is waxing and waning in sampled cortex; if activity were random, discharges would cancel out and no waves would be produced. EEG waves are due to: 1) oscillating activity within cortex (CORTICAL DIPOLES) 2) oscillation in feedback circuits between thal ...
Chapter 19: Brain Rhythms and Sleep
... – Muramyl dipeptide: isolated from the CSF of sleepdeprived goats, facilitates non-REM sleep ...
... – Muramyl dipeptide: isolated from the CSF of sleepdeprived goats, facilitates non-REM sleep ...
Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems
... adequate attention. Some of these problems can be treated by agents that increase 5-HT activity [35]. Impulsive and aggressive behaviors are known to be modulated by 5-HT signaling [36]. In the next section, we review the 5-HT system and its role in sleep. 4. Theories on the Development of the 5-HT ...
... adequate attention. Some of these problems can be treated by agents that increase 5-HT activity [35]. Impulsive and aggressive behaviors are known to be modulated by 5-HT signaling [36]. In the next section, we review the 5-HT system and its role in sleep. 4. Theories on the Development of the 5-HT ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... which began 5 to 10 min after sleep onset [REM sleep deprivation (RSD) group]. We awakened the third group the same number of times, and with the same distribution across the sleep period, but only during non-REM (NREM) sleep [NREM sleep fragmentation (NF) group] (fig. S1B). This is a necessary cont ...
... which began 5 to 10 min after sleep onset [REM sleep deprivation (RSD) group]. We awakened the third group the same number of times, and with the same distribution across the sleep period, but only during non-REM (NREM) sleep [NREM sleep fragmentation (NF) group] (fig. S1B). This is a necessary cont ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... However, flip-flop switches can also make unwanted transitions with little warning. When a small perturbation gives one side a sudden advantage, it can turn off the alternative state relatively abruptly (such as falling asleep during a momentary lapse of attention while driving). Interestingly, math ...
... However, flip-flop switches can also make unwanted transitions with little warning. When a small perturbation gives one side a sudden advantage, it can turn off the alternative state relatively abruptly (such as falling asleep during a momentary lapse of attention while driving). Interestingly, math ...
Sleep and Biological Rhythms - University of South Alabama
... • Sleep-related eating disorder • A disorder in which the person leaves his or her bed and seeks out and eats food while sleepwalking, usually without _________________________. • TV host Montel Williams has this disorder. ...
... • Sleep-related eating disorder • A disorder in which the person leaves his or her bed and seeks out and eats food while sleepwalking, usually without _________________________. • TV host Montel Williams has this disorder. ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... network become de-coupled especially in frontal cortex. Local cortical differences in delta power during NREM sleep reflect the extent to which the cortical area was active during prior wake period as well as the wake period’s duration. This may reflect increased synaptic potentiation during waking. ...
... network become de-coupled especially in frontal cortex. Local cortical differences in delta power during NREM sleep reflect the extent to which the cortical area was active during prior wake period as well as the wake period’s duration. This may reflect increased synaptic potentiation during waking. ...
The Adenosine Story Goes Ionic: CaV2.1
... of a functionally responsive Ca2+ channel with preserved expression levels, but compromised primarily in G-protein-mediated inhibition.22 The hypothesis to be tested by Deboer et al.7 was clear: if CaV2.1 channels mediate some of adenosinergic actions on sleep, then these animals should show attenua ...
... of a functionally responsive Ca2+ channel with preserved expression levels, but compromised primarily in G-protein-mediated inhibition.22 The hypothesis to be tested by Deboer et al.7 was clear: if CaV2.1 channels mediate some of adenosinergic actions on sleep, then these animals should show attenua ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... Achase activity among discrete regions (8). These differences are also observed in smaller brain areas such as discrete nuclei (9). Therefore, the small significant differences (11 to 15%) in enzyme activity obtained in our study may be larger in more restricted brain areas, although to explore this ...
... Achase activity among discrete regions (8). These differences are also observed in smaller brain areas such as discrete nuclei (9). Therefore, the small significant differences (11 to 15%) in enzyme activity obtained in our study may be larger in more restricted brain areas, although to explore this ...
rem sleep - Website Staff UI
... deeper. • In stage 4 greater than 50% of EEG is delta. • There is no eye movement or muscle activity. • It is very difficult to wake someone during stage 3 and 4 non REM sleep. People awaken during deep sleep do not adjust immediately and often feel groggy and disoriented for several minutes. Sleep ...
... deeper. • In stage 4 greater than 50% of EEG is delta. • There is no eye movement or muscle activity. • It is very difficult to wake someone during stage 3 and 4 non REM sleep. People awaken during deep sleep do not adjust immediately and often feel groggy and disoriented for several minutes. Sleep ...
Neuroscience of Sleep - University of Ilorin
... deeper. • In stage 4 greater than 50% of EEG is delta. • There is no eye movement or muscle activity. • It is very difficult to wake someone during stage 3 and 4 non REM sleep. People awaken during deep sleep do not adjust immediately and often feel groggy and disoriented for several minutes. Sleep ...
... deeper. • In stage 4 greater than 50% of EEG is delta. • There is no eye movement or muscle activity. • It is very difficult to wake someone during stage 3 and 4 non REM sleep. People awaken during deep sleep do not adjust immediately and often feel groggy and disoriented for several minutes. Sleep ...
Sleep imaging and the neuro- psychological assessment of dreams
... characteristics to be analyzed as a function of sleep stages [c], although with the limitation that their content might be poorer than home-based reports (e.g. fewer emotions) and often incorporates the novelty of the experimental setting [d]. By the very fact that they are produced during sleep and ...
... characteristics to be analyzed as a function of sleep stages [c], although with the limitation that their content might be poorer than home-based reports (e.g. fewer emotions) and often incorporates the novelty of the experimental setting [d]. By the very fact that they are produced during sleep and ...
Hypocretinergic Neurons are Primarily involved in Activation
... First, levels of hypocretin in the CSF and in areas such as the perifornical hypothalamus are positively correlated with motor activation.32-34 Second, the discharge rate of units in the perifornical hypothalamic area (where there is a high density of hypocretinergic cells) increases in association ...
... First, levels of hypocretin in the CSF and in areas such as the perifornical hypothalamus are positively correlated with motor activation.32-34 Second, the discharge rate of units in the perifornical hypothalamic area (where there is a high density of hypocretinergic cells) increases in association ...
Sleep
Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles, and reduced interactions with surroundings. It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli, but is more easily reversed than the state of hibernation or of being comatose. Mammalian sleep occurs in repeating periods, in which the body alternates between two highly distinct modes known as non-REM and REM sleep. REM stands for ""rapid eye movement"" but involves many other aspects including virtual paralysis of the body.During sleep, most systems in an animal are in an anabolic state, building up the immune, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems. Sleep in non-human animals is observed in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, and, in some form, in insects and even in simpler animals such as nematodes. The internal circadian clock promotes sleep daily at night in diurnal species (such as humans) and in the day in nocturnal organisms (such as rodents). However, sleep patterns vary widely among animals and among different individual humans. Industrialization and artificial light have substantially altered human sleep habits in the last 100 years.The diverse purposes and mechanisms of sleep are the subject of substantial ongoing research. Sleep seems to assist animals with improvements in the body and mind. A well-known feature of sleep in humans is the dream, an experience typically recounted in narrative form, which resembles waking life while in progress, but which usually can later be distinguished as fantasy. Humans may suffer from a number of sleep disorders. These include dyssomnias (such as insomnia, hypersomnia, and sleep apnea), parasomnias (such as sleepwalking and REM behavior disorder), bruxism, and the circadian rhythm sleep disorders.