Chapter 9b final
... Fatal familial insomnia (related to mad cow disease) Deficits in attention and memory Dreamlike, confused state, loss of control of ANS, insomnia, fatal Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 ...
... Fatal familial insomnia (related to mad cow disease) Deficits in attention and memory Dreamlike, confused state, loss of control of ANS, insomnia, fatal Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 ...
No Slide Title
... • The activity of the upper airway muscles (nose, pharynx and larynx) also decreases during sleep. • The negative pressure during inspiration is normally counterbalanced by activity of the upper airway muscles that function to keep the upper airway open. • Inspiration tends to collapse the upper air ...
... • The activity of the upper airway muscles (nose, pharynx and larynx) also decreases during sleep. • The negative pressure during inspiration is normally counterbalanced by activity of the upper airway muscles that function to keep the upper airway open. • Inspiration tends to collapse the upper air ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... and returns to stage N2, after which the sleeper enters REM sleep (“paradoxical sleep”: the EEG trace is “similar” to the activated EEG of waking or of stage N1). The EEG is characterized by low-voltage fast-activity, often with increased power in the theta band (3–7 Hz). So called sawtooth waves (2 ...
... and returns to stage N2, after which the sleeper enters REM sleep (“paradoxical sleep”: the EEG trace is “similar” to the activated EEG of waking or of stage N1). The EEG is characterized by low-voltage fast-activity, often with increased power in the theta band (3–7 Hz). So called sawtooth waves (2 ...
Sleep/Neurology-The Orexin System
... AHI (a measure used in standard definitions of OSA and by Medicare to determine CPAP eligibility) and # of arousals were not associated with any of the lesions whereas O2 saturation level was associated with microinfarcts, the major lesion of vascular dementia ...
... AHI (a measure used in standard definitions of OSA and by Medicare to determine CPAP eligibility) and # of arousals were not associated with any of the lesions whereas O2 saturation level was associated with microinfarcts, the major lesion of vascular dementia ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... • REM sleep is also associated with a distinctive pattern of high-amplitude electrical potentials known as PGO waves. • Waves of neural activity are detected first in the pons and then in the lateral geniculate of the hypothalamus, and then the occipital ...
... • REM sleep is also associated with a distinctive pattern of high-amplitude electrical potentials known as PGO waves. • Waves of neural activity are detected first in the pons and then in the lateral geniculate of the hypothalamus, and then the occipital ...
The State of the Art of Respiratory Control
... and Mokdad 2008). However, when the control system itself is compromised, patients can also suffer from central sleep apnea (CSA), where the patient “won’t breathe”. Up to 50% of patients with congestive heart failure and almost everyone sleeping at high altitude has some degree of CSA. ...
... and Mokdad 2008). However, when the control system itself is compromised, patients can also suffer from central sleep apnea (CSA), where the patient “won’t breathe”. Up to 50% of patients with congestive heart failure and almost everyone sleeping at high altitude has some degree of CSA. ...
Sleep-wake cycles: EEG
... • Gautwick et al. (1996): subtractive hybridization aimed at identifying mRNA’s species that are expressed only in discrete nuclei within the hypothalamus – New hypothalamic mRNA (hypocretin 1 and 2) found by in-situ hybridization to occur in the lateral hypothalamus • Sakurai et al. (1998) transfec ...
... • Gautwick et al. (1996): subtractive hybridization aimed at identifying mRNA’s species that are expressed only in discrete nuclei within the hypothalamus – New hypothalamic mRNA (hypocretin 1 and 2) found by in-situ hybridization to occur in the lateral hypothalamus • Sakurai et al. (1998) transfec ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... • REM sleep is also associated with a distinctive pattern of high-amplitude electrical potentials known as PGO waves. • Waves of neural activity are detected first in the pons and then in the lateral geniculate of the hypothalamus, and then the occipital ...
... • REM sleep is also associated with a distinctive pattern of high-amplitude electrical potentials known as PGO waves. • Waves of neural activity are detected first in the pons and then in the lateral geniculate of the hypothalamus, and then the occipital ...
Role of Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Interactions in the Pathogenesis
... localize CO2-activated cells within the piglet medulla oblongata.9 This gene is rapidly and transiently expressed following cell activation by different stimuli, including hypercapnia. It should be noted that finding c-Fos expression in a subset of neurons within respiratory-related medullary region ...
... localize CO2-activated cells within the piglet medulla oblongata.9 This gene is rapidly and transiently expressed following cell activation by different stimuli, including hypercapnia. It should be noted that finding c-Fos expression in a subset of neurons within respiratory-related medullary region ...
Neurophysiology of sleep-wake states in relation to consciousness
... the states of drowsiness and light slow wave sleep appear. A further increase of the hyperpolarization of thalamocortical neurons is associated with slow wave sleep. This results in a further inability of the EPSPs, produced by the incoming action potentials, to reach the increased threshold. The bu ...
... the states of drowsiness and light slow wave sleep appear. A further increase of the hyperpolarization of thalamocortical neurons is associated with slow wave sleep. This results in a further inability of the EPSPs, produced by the incoming action potentials, to reach the increased threshold. The bu ...
paradoxical sleep - Bakersfield College
... Disorders of Sleep Narcolepsy cataplexy (kat a plex ee) A symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs during waking. sleep paralysis A symptom of narcolepsy; paralysis occurring just before a person falls asleep. hypnagogic hallucination (hip na gah jik) A symptom of narcolepsy; vivid dre ...
... Disorders of Sleep Narcolepsy cataplexy (kat a plex ee) A symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs during waking. sleep paralysis A symptom of narcolepsy; paralysis occurring just before a person falls asleep. hypnagogic hallucination (hip na gah jik) A symptom of narcolepsy; vivid dre ...
the neurochemistry of sleep paralysis
... with alterations in REM sleep. A greater understanding of how REM sleep muscle atonia occurs could result in better treatment of disorders associated with a dysfunction in REM sleep. For example, altering the activity of glycine and GABA receptors, in addition to increasing the brain levels of dopam ...
... with alterations in REM sleep. A greater understanding of how REM sleep muscle atonia occurs could result in better treatment of disorders associated with a dysfunction in REM sleep. For example, altering the activity of glycine and GABA receptors, in addition to increasing the brain levels of dopam ...
Subconscious Stimulus Recognition and Processing During
... sleep is expressed in a shallower and less thorough stimulus processing and evaluation, but this shallower and less deep processing seems sufficient to uncover the major meaning or relevance of a particular stimulus. In their review, Atienza, Cantero, & Escera (2001) came to the conclusion that the ...
... sleep is expressed in a shallower and less thorough stimulus processing and evaluation, but this shallower and less deep processing seems sufficient to uncover the major meaning or relevance of a particular stimulus. In their review, Atienza, Cantero, & Escera (2001) came to the conclusion that the ...
SLEEP
... Sleep attack (intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness?) Daytime sleepiness Microsleeps (continue automatic actions but asleep) Cataplexy (like REM atonia?) ...
... Sleep attack (intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness?) Daytime sleepiness Microsleeps (continue automatic actions but asleep) Cataplexy (like REM atonia?) ...
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of sleep
... that sleep consists of REM sleep and Non-REM sleep. • Classification of sleep into REM and Non-REM started with the assumption that REM sleep is sleep with dream, and Non-REM is dreamless sleep. • Use of computer has helped in fast analysis of large data. • But computer analysis has not been able to ...
... that sleep consists of REM sleep and Non-REM sleep. • Classification of sleep into REM and Non-REM started with the assumption that REM sleep is sleep with dream, and Non-REM is dreamless sleep. • Use of computer has helped in fast analysis of large data. • But computer analysis has not been able to ...
Physiology and neuroanatomy of sleep
... decline again in the late evening. • Combined with this, a morning pulse of cortisol, which binds to circadian hypothalamic receptors, stimulates arousal from sleep with levels declining throughout the day. • In addition, certain brain chemicals (e.g., adenosine, a byproduct of energy metabolism), a ...
... decline again in the late evening. • Combined with this, a morning pulse of cortisol, which binds to circadian hypothalamic receptors, stimulates arousal from sleep with levels declining throughout the day. • In addition, certain brain chemicals (e.g., adenosine, a byproduct of energy metabolism), a ...
Anatomical and physiological bases of consciousness and sleep
... that is readily, promptly and completely reversed by appropriate stimuli "Sleep is an actively induced, highly organized brain state" marked by these four qualities -– 1. Reduced motor activity – 2. Lowered response to sensory stimulation – 3. Adoption of stereotypic postures such as lying down with ...
... that is readily, promptly and completely reversed by appropriate stimuli "Sleep is an actively induced, highly organized brain state" marked by these four qualities -– 1. Reduced motor activity – 2. Lowered response to sensory stimulation – 3. Adoption of stereotypic postures such as lying down with ...
Psychology
... Evidence for this theory stems from research conducted into the amount of time that individuals who partake in strenuous physical activity (such as marathon runners) spend in NREM sleep. It has been found that after completing vast amounts of physical exercise the amount of time spent in NREM sleep ...
... Evidence for this theory stems from research conducted into the amount of time that individuals who partake in strenuous physical activity (such as marathon runners) spend in NREM sleep. It has been found that after completing vast amounts of physical exercise the amount of time spent in NREM sleep ...
Ventilatory disorders - Chirurgia toracica mini invasiva
... Respiratory alkalosis is present in varying degrees in most patients with either tachypnea or prominent CSR. The syndrome of central alveolar hypoventilation (ondine curse) includes repetitive morning headaches, nocturnal sleep disruption, or daytime tiredness and sleepiness. Cyanosis, irregular bre ...
... Respiratory alkalosis is present in varying degrees in most patients with either tachypnea or prominent CSR. The syndrome of central alveolar hypoventilation (ondine curse) includes repetitive morning headaches, nocturnal sleep disruption, or daytime tiredness and sleepiness. Cyanosis, irregular bre ...
Bio Chap 15 - mlfarrispsych
... Although sleepwalking is most frequent in childhood, about 3% to 8% of adults sleepwalk. Sleepwalking is at least partially genetic, and can be triggered by stress, alcohol, and sleep deprivation. Sleepwalking has even been used as a defense in crimes committed, allegedly, during a sleepwalkin ...
... Although sleepwalking is most frequent in childhood, about 3% to 8% of adults sleepwalk. Sleepwalking is at least partially genetic, and can be triggered by stress, alcohol, and sleep deprivation. Sleepwalking has even been used as a defense in crimes committed, allegedly, during a sleepwalkin ...
Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 9: Sleep and
... Drug-induced: Use of sleeping pills can result in insomnia Sleep apnea: person stops breathing and is awakened when blood levels of carbon dioxide stimulate breathing ...
... Drug-induced: Use of sleeping pills can result in insomnia Sleep apnea: person stops breathing and is awakened when blood levels of carbon dioxide stimulate breathing ...
Document
... Control of Seasonal Rhythms: The Pineal Gland and Melatonin • In response to input from the SCN, the pineal gland secretes melatonin during the night. • This melatonin acts back on various structures in the brain (including the SCN, whose cells contain melatonin receptors) and controls hormones, phy ...
... Control of Seasonal Rhythms: The Pineal Gland and Melatonin • In response to input from the SCN, the pineal gland secretes melatonin during the night. • This melatonin acts back on various structures in the brain (including the SCN, whose cells contain melatonin receptors) and controls hormones, phy ...
Sleep Mar 19 2013x - Lakehead University
... We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping • One-quarter of this time is spent dreaming Sleep is universal among higher vertebrates Sleep is essential to our lives, like eating and breathing Prolonged sleep deprivation can devastate proper functioning and in some animals, lead to death ...
... We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping • One-quarter of this time is spent dreaming Sleep is universal among higher vertebrates Sleep is essential to our lives, like eating and breathing Prolonged sleep deprivation can devastate proper functioning and in some animals, lead to death ...
L8-Physiology of Sleep and EEG 2013
... Reticular Area leading to Hypotonia: Exception: Respiratory + Eye muscles. In sleep apnea, respiratory muscles are inhibited. ...
... Reticular Area leading to Hypotonia: Exception: Respiratory + Eye muscles. In sleep apnea, respiratory muscles are inhibited. ...
Chapter 9 Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... (concerned with planning, strategies) Eye movements during REM sleep may be related to the visual imagery that occurs while we dream Particular brain mechanisms that become active during a dream are those that would become active if the events in the dream were actually occurring ...
... (concerned with planning, strategies) Eye movements during REM sleep may be related to the visual imagery that occurs while we dream Particular brain mechanisms that become active during a dream are those that would become active if the events in the dream were actually occurring ...
Sleep apnea
Sleep apnea (or sleep apnoea in British English) is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or instances of shallow or infrequent breathing during sleep. Each pause in breathing, called an apnea, can last for several seconds to several minutes, and may occur, by definition, at least 5 times in an hour. Similarly, each abnormally shallow breathing event is called a hypopnea. Sleep apnea is classified as a dyssomnia, meaning abnormal behavior or psychological events occur during sleep. When breathing is paused, carbon dioxide builds up in the bloodstream. Chemoreceptors in the blood stream note the high carbon dioxide levels. The brain is signaled to wake the person sleeping and breathe in air. Breathing normally will restore oxygen levels and the person will fall asleep again. Sleep apnea is often diagnosed with an overnight sleep test called a polysomnogram, or ""sleep study"".There are three forms of sleep apnea: central (CSA), obstructive (OSA), and complex or mixed sleep apnea (i.e. a combination of central and obstructive) constituting 0.4%, 84%, and 15% of cases, respectively. In CSA, breathing is interrupted by a lack of respiratory effort; in OSA, breathing is interrupted by a physical block to airflow despite respiratory effort, and snoring is common. According to the National Institutes of Health, 12 million Americans have OSA. There are more cases of sleep apnea still because people either do not report the condition or do not know they have sleep apnea.Regardless of type, an individual with sleep apnea is rarely aware of having difficulty breathing, even upon awakening. Sleep apnea is recognized as a problem by others witnessing the individual during episodes or is suspected because of its effects on the body. Symptoms may be present for years (or even decades) without identification, during which time the person may become conditioned to the daytime sleepiness and fatigue associated with sleep disturbance. Sleep apnea affects not only adults but some children as well.