Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... density and recall performance was not ubiquitous as it applied to verbal learning and visuospatial memory but not to a facial recognition test [14, 15]. Spindles occur during various stages of non-REM sleep and can be associated with slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep. In a visual learning ta ...
... density and recall performance was not ubiquitous as it applied to verbal learning and visuospatial memory but not to a facial recognition test [14, 15]. Spindles occur during various stages of non-REM sleep and can be associated with slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep. In a visual learning ta ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the following: monitors for airflow at the nose and mouth, respiratory effort strain gauges placed around the chest and abdomen, and noninvasive oxygen saturation monitors ...
... which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the following: monitors for airflow at the nose and mouth, respiratory effort strain gauges placed around the chest and abdomen, and noninvasive oxygen saturation monitors ...
Conscious Modulation in Normal Sleep
... pass this point. Second, as an organ of integration and survival, it seems that cannot permit and easily inquiry into itself by the first person approach. The mirage of dualism is base on this two phenomenon [1,8]. Self-awareness is not well understood. There are some speculations, about information ...
... pass this point. Second, as an organ of integration and survival, it seems that cannot permit and easily inquiry into itself by the first person approach. The mirage of dualism is base on this two phenomenon [1,8]. Self-awareness is not well understood. There are some speculations, about information ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... cortex was still viewed as producing movements, but now these movements were seen as mere by-products of dream activity – bits and pieces of motor commands that are able to leak through an incomplete inhibitory filter. Thus, when Hobson and McCarley presented their model relating dream activity in t ...
... cortex was still viewed as producing movements, but now these movements were seen as mere by-products of dream activity – bits and pieces of motor commands that are able to leak through an incomplete inhibitory filter. Thus, when Hobson and McCarley presented their model relating dream activity in t ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... regular 8-12 Hz, 20-100 μV waves; normal frequency is age dependent (if frequency is less than normal for age group – it is abnormality!) amplitude often waxes and wanes over periods of 1-2 sec ("spindling"). frequency is decreased by hypoglycemia, hypothermia, glucocorticoid hormones↓, PaCO2↑ ...
... regular 8-12 Hz, 20-100 μV waves; normal frequency is age dependent (if frequency is less than normal for age group – it is abnormality!) amplitude often waxes and wanes over periods of 1-2 sec ("spindling"). frequency is decreased by hypoglycemia, hypothermia, glucocorticoid hormones↓, PaCO2↑ ...
The contribution of sleep to hippocampus
... but, thereafter, highly susceptible to decay, interference and forgetting. Procedural memory represents the type of nondeclarative memory that has been most extensively studied in conjunction with sleep. Procedural memory refers to memories for perceptual and motor skills with the latter essentially ...
... but, thereafter, highly susceptible to decay, interference and forgetting. Procedural memory represents the type of nondeclarative memory that has been most extensively studied in conjunction with sleep. Procedural memory refers to memories for perceptual and motor skills with the latter essentially ...
Physiological Mechanisms of Sleep and Waking
... Disorders of Sleep Narcolepsy cataplexy (kat a plex ee) A symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs during waking. sleep paralysis A symptom of narcolepsy; paralysis occurring just before a person falls asleep. hypnagogic hallucination (hip na gah jik) A symptom of narcolepsy; vivid dre ...
... Disorders of Sleep Narcolepsy cataplexy (kat a plex ee) A symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs during waking. sleep paralysis A symptom of narcolepsy; paralysis occurring just before a person falls asleep. hypnagogic hallucination (hip na gah jik) A symptom of narcolepsy; vivid dre ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... which began 5 to 10 min after sleep onset [REM sleep deprivation (RSD) group]. We awakened the third group the same number of times, and with the same distribution across the sleep period, but only during non-REM (NREM) sleep [NREM sleep fragmentation (NF) group] (fig. S1B). This is a necessary cont ...
... which began 5 to 10 min after sleep onset [REM sleep deprivation (RSD) group]. We awakened the third group the same number of times, and with the same distribution across the sleep period, but only during non-REM (NREM) sleep [NREM sleep fragmentation (NF) group] (fig. S1B). This is a necessary cont ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1, left panel) are in agreement with that preceding work. However, since delta oscillations are more profuse during NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlat ...
... orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1, left panel) are in agreement with that preceding work. However, since delta oscillations are more profuse during NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlat ...
Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... suggests that this distinction is important because it seems to be the quality of sleep (as measured by slow-wave sleep intensity or integrity), not just the quantity of sleep, is crucial for sleep-related processes such as memory and learning.22 It is possible that sleep quality may be the critical ...
... suggests that this distinction is important because it seems to be the quality of sleep (as measured by slow-wave sleep intensity or integrity), not just the quantity of sleep, is crucial for sleep-related processes such as memory and learning.22 It is possible that sleep quality may be the critical ...
rem sleep - Website Staff UI
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
Neuroscience of Sleep - University of Ilorin
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... part of each day (typically 1–2%) in transitional states (Fig. 4). There are obvious adaptive advantages to a wake–sleep system that makes rapid and complete transitions, as it would be dangerous for animals to have impaired alertness while engaging in waking behaviours, and inefficient for them to ...
... part of each day (typically 1–2%) in transitional states (Fig. 4). There are obvious adaptive advantages to a wake–sleep system that makes rapid and complete transitions, as it would be dangerous for animals to have impaired alertness while engaging in waking behaviours, and inefficient for them to ...
Sleep imaging and the neuro- psychological assessment of dreams
... than home-based reports (e.g. fewer emotions) and often incorporates the novelty of the experimental setting [d]. By the very fact that they are produced during sleep and reported while awake, minutes or hours after they occur, dream reports are memory reports that involve both distinct consciousnes ...
... than home-based reports (e.g. fewer emotions) and often incorporates the novelty of the experimental setting [d]. By the very fact that they are produced during sleep and reported while awake, minutes or hours after they occur, dream reports are memory reports that involve both distinct consciousnes ...
Sleep and Biological Rhythms - University of South Alabama
... be produced in the brain and act in the brain. If some cells in the brain are very active they exceed the available supply of glucose, and begin to metabolize ___________ which is supplied by astrocytes. The metabolism of glycogen causes an increase in adenosine. The accumulation of adenosine increa ...
... be produced in the brain and act in the brain. If some cells in the brain are very active they exceed the available supply of glucose, and begin to metabolize ___________ which is supplied by astrocytes. The metabolism of glycogen causes an increase in adenosine. The accumulation of adenosine increa ...
Pathophysiology of breathing
... Violation of neuromuscular transmission of impulses occurs in myasthenia, botulism, introduction of muscle relaxants. In all these cases, the ventilation function get disturbed. ...
... Violation of neuromuscular transmission of impulses occurs in myasthenia, botulism, introduction of muscle relaxants. In all these cases, the ventilation function get disturbed. ...
Lecture 23. Pathophysiology of respiratory system
... Violation of neuromuscular transmission of impulses occurs in myasthenia, botulism, introduction of muscle relaxants. In all these cases, the ventilation function get disturbed. ...
... Violation of neuromuscular transmission of impulses occurs in myasthenia, botulism, introduction of muscle relaxants. In all these cases, the ventilation function get disturbed. ...
CHAPTER 41
... changes in arterial Po2 in the range of 60 down to 30 mm Hg, a range in which hemoglobin saturation with oxygen decreases rapidly. Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Ion Concentration on Chemoreceptor Activity. ...
... changes in arterial Po2 in the range of 60 down to 30 mm Hg, a range in which hemoglobin saturation with oxygen decreases rapidly. Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Ion Concentration on Chemoreceptor Activity. ...
The Adenosine Story Goes Ionic: CaV2.1
... channels are thus particularly favorable candidates to contribute to adenosine’s promotion of sleep. However, testing an ion channel’s involvement in adenosinergic regulation of synaptic transmission in the intact brain is tricky, since, if modified, network excitability and hence release of neurotr ...
... channels are thus particularly favorable candidates to contribute to adenosine’s promotion of sleep. However, testing an ion channel’s involvement in adenosinergic regulation of synaptic transmission in the intact brain is tricky, since, if modified, network excitability and hence release of neurotr ...
Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep
... However, subjects with night-eating syndrome recorded an average of 9.3 eating episodes per 24-h interval, and this was significantly more than the average 4.2 episodes recorded by controls. Between 8 P.M. and 6 A.M. night-eating syndrome patients consumed 56% of their daily energy intake compared w ...
... However, subjects with night-eating syndrome recorded an average of 9.3 eating episodes per 24-h interval, and this was significantly more than the average 4.2 episodes recorded by controls. Between 8 P.M. and 6 A.M. night-eating syndrome patients consumed 56% of their daily energy intake compared w ...
Low Quality
... By inquiring into all that happens in the brain and body during sleep, researchers aim to paint a more complete picture of why people sleep — and why sleep sometimes goes awry, as Science News staff writers Tina Hesman Saey and Laura Sanders report in this special section. Scientists seeking the rea ...
... By inquiring into all that happens in the brain and body during sleep, researchers aim to paint a more complete picture of why people sleep — and why sleep sometimes goes awry, as Science News staff writers Tina Hesman Saey and Laura Sanders report in this special section. Scientists seeking the rea ...
The Link Between Sleep and Weight Gain
... gain has shown that there may be a genetic connection. Studies of identical and fraternal twins suggest that sleep deprivation may promote the expression of genes related to obesity. 9 Several studies have indicated that both insufficient sleep (less than five or six hours) and excessive sleep (more ...
... gain has shown that there may be a genetic connection. Studies of identical and fraternal twins suggest that sleep deprivation may promote the expression of genes related to obesity. 9 Several studies have indicated that both insufficient sleep (less than five or six hours) and excessive sleep (more ...
Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems
... ventral striatum, and the prefrontal cortex are thought to comprise the neural basis for behavioral patterns that are affected by the quantity, quality, and timing of sleep early in life. Keywords: sleep; serotonin; striatum; prefrontal cortex; cohort; marshmallow test ...
... ventral striatum, and the prefrontal cortex are thought to comprise the neural basis for behavioral patterns that are affected by the quantity, quality, and timing of sleep early in life. Keywords: sleep; serotonin; striatum; prefrontal cortex; cohort; marshmallow test ...
RESPIRATION
... remain when other chemostimulation is lost synergistic with CO2 response (hypoxia increases sensitivity to hypercapnia) NOTE: If PO2 is very low, then all CNS neurons including respiratory neurons, become depressed, so respiratory ventilation is reduced or ceases activity. ...
... remain when other chemostimulation is lost synergistic with CO2 response (hypoxia increases sensitivity to hypercapnia) NOTE: If PO2 is very low, then all CNS neurons including respiratory neurons, become depressed, so respiratory ventilation is reduced or ceases activity. ...
Signal processing methods in Sleep Research
... hours per night on a regular basis. Sleeping less than 7 hours per night on a regular basis is associated with adverse health outcomes, including weight gain and obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and stroke, depression, and increased risk of death. Sleeping less than 7 hours per night i ...
... hours per night on a regular basis. Sleeping less than 7 hours per night on a regular basis is associated with adverse health outcomes, including weight gain and obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and stroke, depression, and increased risk of death. Sleeping less than 7 hours per night i ...
Sleep apnea
Sleep apnea (or sleep apnoea in British English) is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or instances of shallow or infrequent breathing during sleep. Each pause in breathing, called an apnea, can last for several seconds to several minutes, and may occur, by definition, at least 5 times in an hour. Similarly, each abnormally shallow breathing event is called a hypopnea. Sleep apnea is classified as a dyssomnia, meaning abnormal behavior or psychological events occur during sleep. When breathing is paused, carbon dioxide builds up in the bloodstream. Chemoreceptors in the blood stream note the high carbon dioxide levels. The brain is signaled to wake the person sleeping and breathe in air. Breathing normally will restore oxygen levels and the person will fall asleep again. Sleep apnea is often diagnosed with an overnight sleep test called a polysomnogram, or ""sleep study"".There are three forms of sleep apnea: central (CSA), obstructive (OSA), and complex or mixed sleep apnea (i.e. a combination of central and obstructive) constituting 0.4%, 84%, and 15% of cases, respectively. In CSA, breathing is interrupted by a lack of respiratory effort; in OSA, breathing is interrupted by a physical block to airflow despite respiratory effort, and snoring is common. According to the National Institutes of Health, 12 million Americans have OSA. There are more cases of sleep apnea still because people either do not report the condition or do not know they have sleep apnea.Regardless of type, an individual with sleep apnea is rarely aware of having difficulty breathing, even upon awakening. Sleep apnea is recognized as a problem by others witnessing the individual during episodes or is suspected because of its effects on the body. Symptoms may be present for years (or even decades) without identification, during which time the person may become conditioned to the daytime sleepiness and fatigue associated with sleep disturbance. Sleep apnea affects not only adults but some children as well.