Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... determine whether there was a change in the amplitude of the diurnal rhythm of sleep, the ratio of sleep during the light-on period versus the light-off period was calculated (Table 1). ␦ power (0.5– 4 Hz) was calculated using the ICELUS software system (M. Opp, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M ...
... determine whether there was a change in the amplitude of the diurnal rhythm of sleep, the ratio of sleep during the light-on period versus the light-off period was calculated (Table 1). ␦ power (0.5– 4 Hz) was calculated using the ICELUS software system (M. Opp, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M ...
Ictal SPECT in patients with rapid eye movement
... Ictal SPECT in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder Geert Mayer,1,2 Marion Bitterlich,1 Torsten Kuwert,3 Philipp Ritt3 and Hermann Stefan4 See Mahowald and Schenck for a scientific commentary on this article (doi:10.1093/brain/awv058). Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder ...
... Ictal SPECT in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder Geert Mayer,1,2 Marion Bitterlich,1 Torsten Kuwert,3 Philipp Ritt3 and Hermann Stefan4 See Mahowald and Schenck for a scientific commentary on this article (doi:10.1093/brain/awv058). Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder ...
Different Strategies in Solving Series Completion Inductive
... and twice internal maintaining/updating a counter, and then the rule can be determined according to the counter. In this way, the procedural strategy incurs many more working memory demands than the retrieval strategy. Thus, the two strategies should differentially engage brain areas that are sensit ...
... and twice internal maintaining/updating a counter, and then the rule can be determined according to the counter. In this way, the procedural strategy incurs many more working memory demands than the retrieval strategy. Thus, the two strategies should differentially engage brain areas that are sensit ...
Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... Measuring levels of glutamate and GABA across states of sleep and wakefulness presents an analytical challenge because of the short duration of rodent sleep episodes and analytical methods that require relatively large sample volumes (3–10 lL). To overcome these limitations, the present experiments ...
... Measuring levels of glutamate and GABA across states of sleep and wakefulness presents an analytical challenge because of the short duration of rodent sleep episodes and analytical methods that require relatively large sample volumes (3–10 lL). To overcome these limitations, the present experiments ...
Glial Signaling Take Home Messages
... iv. Glycogen has been found to be almost exclusively localized in astrocytes v. Astrocytes have a high glycolytic rate vi. Glycolysis ends with lactate 1. Speicialized transporters, MCT1 or MCT4 → transfer ↑ lactate to extracellular fluid vii. Lactate is available for neuronal energy metabolism 1. L ...
... iv. Glycogen has been found to be almost exclusively localized in astrocytes v. Astrocytes have a high glycolytic rate vi. Glycolysis ends with lactate 1. Speicialized transporters, MCT1 or MCT4 → transfer ↑ lactate to extracellular fluid vii. Lactate is available for neuronal energy metabolism 1. L ...
Sound Medicine: Using State-of-the
... concept of binaural beats that are created in the brain when two slightly different frequencies were played in each ear. For example, when a frequency of 100 cycles per second (100 hertz) is played in the right ear and another frequency of 103 hertz is played in the left ear, the difference is perce ...
... concept of binaural beats that are created in the brain when two slightly different frequencies were played in each ear. For example, when a frequency of 100 cycles per second (100 hertz) is played in the right ear and another frequency of 103 hertz is played in the left ear, the difference is perce ...
Physiological Mechanisms of Sleep and Waking
... Sleep is a universal phenomenon among vertebrates. ...
... Sleep is a universal phenomenon among vertebrates. ...
Eagleman Ch 8. Attention and Consciousness
... If the cue correctly predicts the stimulus, there is a reaction time benefit. If the cue incorrectly predicts the stimulus, there is a reaction time cost. Top-down mechanisms focus voluntary (endogenous) attention. Bottom-up mechanisms focus involuntary (exogenous) attention. ...
... If the cue correctly predicts the stimulus, there is a reaction time benefit. If the cue incorrectly predicts the stimulus, there is a reaction time cost. Top-down mechanisms focus voluntary (endogenous) attention. Bottom-up mechanisms focus involuntary (exogenous) attention. ...
Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard
... of sleep-wakefulness, feeding, and energy expenditure. A diurnal rhythm maintained by the internal circadian clock in response to the external environmental cues establishes rhythmicity of the physiological processes and hormonal release. These alterations are associated with the sleep-wake-state ch ...
... of sleep-wakefulness, feeding, and energy expenditure. A diurnal rhythm maintained by the internal circadian clock in response to the external environmental cues establishes rhythmicity of the physiological processes and hormonal release. These alterations are associated with the sleep-wake-state ch ...
This Week in The Journal Cellular/Molecular The N-Terminal Portion of A 
... Perimenstrual-Like Hormonal Regulation of Extrasynaptic ␦-Containing GABAA Receptors Mediating Tonic Inhibition and Neurosteroid Sensitivity Chase Matthew Carver, Xin Wu, Omkaram Gangisetty, and Doodipala Samba Reddy Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texa ...
... Perimenstrual-Like Hormonal Regulation of Extrasynaptic ␦-Containing GABAA Receptors Mediating Tonic Inhibition and Neurosteroid Sensitivity Chase Matthew Carver, Xin Wu, Omkaram Gangisetty, and Doodipala Samba Reddy Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texa ...
A Critical Period of Sleep for Development of Courtship Circuitry and
... behavior critical for species propagation and suggest that rapidly growing regions of the brain are most susceptible to sleep perturbations early in life. he ontogenetic hypothesis of sleep, proposed nearly 50 years ago, postulates that early developmental sleep is important for brain patterning (1) ...
... behavior critical for species propagation and suggest that rapidly growing regions of the brain are most susceptible to sleep perturbations early in life. he ontogenetic hypothesis of sleep, proposed nearly 50 years ago, postulates that early developmental sleep is important for brain patterning (1) ...
Chapter 19: Brain Rhythms and Sleep
... enhance waking state; active at end of REM cycle – Cholinergic neurons: enhance REM events; active during waking; may initiate REM cycles – Diffuse modulatory system control rhythmic behaviors of thalamus controls cortical EEG sensory input flow to cortex blocked by slowed thalamic rhythms – Activ ...
... enhance waking state; active at end of REM cycle – Cholinergic neurons: enhance REM events; active during waking; may initiate REM cycles – Diffuse modulatory system control rhythmic behaviors of thalamus controls cortical EEG sensory input flow to cortex blocked by slowed thalamic rhythms – Activ ...
Chapter 3 - Somerset Academy
... This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: •Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; •Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images • ...
... This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: •Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; •Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images • ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... movements, recorded through electro-oculogram (EOG); and brain activity, recorded through electroencephalogram (EEG) [1]. The clinical polysomnogram, the purpose of which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the fo ...
... movements, recorded through electro-oculogram (EOG); and brain activity, recorded through electroencephalogram (EEG) [1]. The clinical polysomnogram, the purpose of which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the fo ...
Generation of Rapid Eye Movements during Paradoxical Sleep in
... [⫺16 ⫺24 ⫺4], T ⫽ 2.66, P ⫽ 0.006 uncorrected). Although not hypothesized a priori, activation was also detected in the right primary sensorimotor and premotor cortices, parahippocampal gyrus, and left anterior cingulate cortex. These latter activations are reported for completeness. DISCUSSION Meth ...
... [⫺16 ⫺24 ⫺4], T ⫽ 2.66, P ⫽ 0.006 uncorrected). Although not hypothesized a priori, activation was also detected in the right primary sensorimotor and premotor cortices, parahippocampal gyrus, and left anterior cingulate cortex. These latter activations are reported for completeness. DISCUSSION Meth ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... a source of indirect stimulation of the forebrain. But to provide a more prominent place for twitching within the ontogenetic hypothesis and its central theme of activity-dependent brain development, we must demonstrate that sensory feedback arising from twitching limbs actually modifies brain activ ...
... a source of indirect stimulation of the forebrain. But to provide a more prominent place for twitching within the ontogenetic hypothesis and its central theme of activity-dependent brain development, we must demonstrate that sensory feedback arising from twitching limbs actually modifies brain activ ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... - dominant rhythm in awake state at rest (with mind wandering and eyes closed). most marked in PARIETO-OCCIPITAL area. regular 8-12 Hz, 20-100 μV waves; normal frequency is age dependent (if frequency is less than normal for age group – it is abnormality!) amplitude often waxes and wanes over ...
... - dominant rhythm in awake state at rest (with mind wandering and eyes closed). most marked in PARIETO-OCCIPITAL area. regular 8-12 Hz, 20-100 μV waves; normal frequency is age dependent (if frequency is less than normal for age group – it is abnormality!) amplitude often waxes and wanes over ...
Author`s personal copy - Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab
... suggesting that performance enhancements depend on a normal first night of sleep (see Fig. 3B). Time alone is clearly not enough to produce long-term benefits from VDT training. It seems that sleep is also required.22 Initially, improvement on this task seemed to depend solely on REM sleep, because ...
... suggesting that performance enhancements depend on a normal first night of sleep (see Fig. 3B). Time alone is clearly not enough to produce long-term benefits from VDT training. It seems that sleep is also required.22 Initially, improvement on this task seemed to depend solely on REM sleep, because ...
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM_(EEG).
... only frequency group found in every part of the brain. • When the brain needs to simultaneously process information from different areas, its hypothesized that the 40Hz activity consolidates the required areas for simultaneous processing. • A good memory is associated with well-regulated and efficie ...
... only frequency group found in every part of the brain. • When the brain needs to simultaneously process information from different areas, its hypothesized that the 40Hz activity consolidates the required areas for simultaneous processing. • A good memory is associated with well-regulated and efficie ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... with a too long node of Ranvier, which may hinder the progression of the action potential. The time seems ripe to abandon a vision of myelin based on a metaphor and accept a new epistemological paradigm more consistent with the observational data, and less theory laden. (i) chronically demyelinated ...
... with a too long node of Ranvier, which may hinder the progression of the action potential. The time seems ripe to abandon a vision of myelin based on a metaphor and accept a new epistemological paradigm more consistent with the observational data, and less theory laden. (i) chronically demyelinated ...
Discovering spatial working memory fields in prefrontal cortex
... simple stimulus-response reflexes and engages active shortterm memory or “working memory.” In the 1930s, C. F. Jacobsen (11) demonstrated that frontal ablations in monkeys induced specific deficits in delayed response tests. Subsequent work by K. H. Pribram, H. E. Rosvold, M. Mishkin, and others sub ...
... simple stimulus-response reflexes and engages active shortterm memory or “working memory.” In the 1930s, C. F. Jacobsen (11) demonstrated that frontal ablations in monkeys induced specific deficits in delayed response tests. Subsequent work by K. H. Pribram, H. E. Rosvold, M. Mishkin, and others sub ...
Discovering spatial working memory fields in prefrontal cortex
... simple stimulus-response reflexes and engages active shortterm memory or “working memory.” In the 1930s, C. F. Jacobsen (11) demonstrated that frontal ablations in monkeys induced specific deficits in delayed response tests. Subsequent work by K. H. Pribram, H. E. Rosvold, M. Mishkin, and others sub ...
... simple stimulus-response reflexes and engages active shortterm memory or “working memory.” In the 1930s, C. F. Jacobsen (11) demonstrated that frontal ablations in monkeys induced specific deficits in delayed response tests. Subsequent work by K. H. Pribram, H. E. Rosvold, M. Mishkin, and others sub ...
Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... anterior hypothalamus as well as GABAergic cells in the median preoptic area.2–4 These subcorticallymediated transitions are then followed by low frequency oscillations in the neocortex, which contribute to the distinctive scalp EEG patterns characteristic of sleep. There are three major groups of w ...
... anterior hypothalamus as well as GABAergic cells in the median preoptic area.2–4 These subcorticallymediated transitions are then followed by low frequency oscillations in the neocortex, which contribute to the distinctive scalp EEG patterns characteristic of sleep. There are three major groups of w ...
Neuroscience 14a – Introduction to Consciousness
... Patients who go into an irreversible coma can often enter persistent vegetative stage in which sleep-wake cycles are present even though the patient is unaware of their surroundings. Their brainstem is still able to function so reflexes and postural movements are still present. Individuals in a pers ...
... Patients who go into an irreversible coma can often enter persistent vegetative stage in which sleep-wake cycles are present even though the patient is unaware of their surroundings. Their brainstem is still able to function so reflexes and postural movements are still present. Individuals in a pers ...
Chap16
... • Similarly, it does not impair intellectual processes; many patients have received the drug continuously for years without any apparent ill effects (Fieve, 1979). • Between 70 and 80 percent of patients with bipolar disorder show a positive response to lithium within 1–2 weeks (Price and Heninger, ...
... • Similarly, it does not impair intellectual processes; many patients have received the drug continuously for years without any apparent ill effects (Fieve, 1979). • Between 70 and 80 percent of patients with bipolar disorder show a positive response to lithium within 1–2 weeks (Price and Heninger, ...
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
It has been estimated that over 20% of adults suffer from some form of sleep deprivation. Insomnia and sleep deprivation are common symptoms of depression and can be an indication of other mental disorders. The consequences of not getting enough sleep could have dire results; not only to the health of the individual, but those around them as sleep deprivation increases the risk of human-error related accidents, especially with vigilance-based tasks involving technology.