State of the art
... Proinflammatory cytokine levels are increased, along with performance in tests of psychomotor vigilance, and this has been reported to result from a modest sleep restriction to 6 hours per night.19 Reduced sleep duration was reported to be associated with increased body mass and obesity in the NHANE ...
... Proinflammatory cytokine levels are increased, along with performance in tests of psychomotor vigilance, and this has been reported to result from a modest sleep restriction to 6 hours per night.19 Reduced sleep duration was reported to be associated with increased body mass and obesity in the NHANE ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... arousal. DA-producing neurons are most abundant in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, yet cells in these regions fire in relation to movement or reward but, in general, have not been found to alter their rates of firing across sleep and wakefulness.79-82 Nevertheless, extracellular lev ...
... arousal. DA-producing neurons are most abundant in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, yet cells in these regions fire in relation to movement or reward but, in general, have not been found to alter their rates of firing across sleep and wakefulness.79-82 Nevertheless, extracellular lev ...
Molecular and anatomical signatures of sleep deprivation in the
... Immediate-early gene (IEG)-based “activity-mapping” has been used by several laboratories to identify neuronal activation under different states of sleep and wakefulness (Sherin et al., 1996; Cirelli and Tononi, 2000b; Terao et al., 2003a; Modirrousta et al., 2005; Gerashchenko et al., 2008), a tech ...
... Immediate-early gene (IEG)-based “activity-mapping” has been used by several laboratories to identify neuronal activation under different states of sleep and wakefulness (Sherin et al., 1996; Cirelli and Tononi, 2000b; Terao et al., 2003a; Modirrousta et al., 2005; Gerashchenko et al., 2008), a tech ...
Slide 1
... processing would show steadily increasing activation as attentional load is increased Regions with activation due to eye movement factors would be activated by attention to one target but would show no further response gains as more targets were added ...
... processing would show steadily increasing activation as attentional load is increased Regions with activation due to eye movement factors would be activated by attention to one target but would show no further response gains as more targets were added ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... Several observations suggest important links between sleep and mental disorders. From a psychological perspective, it has long been thought that trouble sleeping is related to a troubled mind, an intrusion of mental activity into the quiescence of sleep. Historically, this vein has fueled much of th ...
... Several observations suggest important links between sleep and mental disorders. From a psychological perspective, it has long been thought that trouble sleeping is related to a troubled mind, an intrusion of mental activity into the quiescence of sleep. Historically, this vein has fueled much of th ...
Neural coding of behavioral relevance in parietal cortex
... presentations at that location produced smaller responses [30]. This suggests that parietal areas similar to 7a may be involved in the re-direction of attention, for example by responding to salient stimuli, but less involved in the maintenance of attention to particular locations. Similar results h ...
... presentations at that location produced smaller responses [30]. This suggests that parietal areas similar to 7a may be involved in the re-direction of attention, for example by responding to salient stimuli, but less involved in the maintenance of attention to particular locations. Similar results h ...
Neurotransmitters - The Modern Herbalist
... major neurotransmitters in your body. Please keep in mind that the neurotransmitter test is not diagnostic for any particular disease. Rather it is one of many tests your doctor can use to address your health concerns. ...
... major neurotransmitters in your body. Please keep in mind that the neurotransmitter test is not diagnostic for any particular disease. Rather it is one of many tests your doctor can use to address your health concerns. ...
Hayrunnisa Bolay, Turkey
... anesthesia, despite the fact that pain is a conscious experience. Anesthesia have profound effects on the mechanisms by which CSD is initiated and propagated, and clearly prevents observation of any associated behavioral response. Functional decortication of one hemisphere by CSD in lissencephalic b ...
... anesthesia, despite the fact that pain is a conscious experience. Anesthesia have profound effects on the mechanisms by which CSD is initiated and propagated, and clearly prevents observation of any associated behavioral response. Functional decortication of one hemisphere by CSD in lissencephalic b ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... Functional brain imaging has been used in humans to noninvasively investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the generation of sleep stages. On the one hand, REM sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation ...
... Functional brain imaging has been used in humans to noninvasively investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the generation of sleep stages. On the one hand, REM sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation ...
Biological Rhythms
... Darlington et al. (1998) first identified such proteins in the fruit fly, drospholia. In the morning, two proteins, CLOCK and CYCLE (CLK-CYC) bind together. Once joined, CLK-CYC produce two other proteins, PERIOD and TIME (PER-TIM). PERTIM has the effect of rendering the CLK-CYC proteins inactive, s ...
... Darlington et al. (1998) first identified such proteins in the fruit fly, drospholia. In the morning, two proteins, CLOCK and CYCLE (CLK-CYC) bind together. Once joined, CLK-CYC produce two other proteins, PERIOD and TIME (PER-TIM). PERTIM has the effect of rendering the CLK-CYC proteins inactive, s ...
Biological Rhythms
... Darlington et al. (1998) first identified such proteins in the fruit fly, drospholia. In the morning, two proteins, CLOCK and CYCLE (CLK-CYC) bind together. Once joined, CLK-CYC produce two other proteins, PERIOD and TIME (PER-TIM). PERTIM has the effect of rendering the CLK-CYC proteins inactive, s ...
... Darlington et al. (1998) first identified such proteins in the fruit fly, drospholia. In the morning, two proteins, CLOCK and CYCLE (CLK-CYC) bind together. Once joined, CLK-CYC produce two other proteins, PERIOD and TIME (PER-TIM). PERTIM has the effect of rendering the CLK-CYC proteins inactive, s ...
Superior digit memory of abacus experts
... more efficient to mentally manipulate large numbers using a spatial representation than a sequentially organized phonological representation. It may be that these processes involve the bilateral frontal–parietal areas, which have important roles in visuo-motor processing [14]. Another possibility is ...
... more efficient to mentally manipulate large numbers using a spatial representation than a sequentially organized phonological representation. It may be that these processes involve the bilateral frontal–parietal areas, which have important roles in visuo-motor processing [14]. Another possibility is ...
Methylphenidate Enhances Working Memory by Modulating
... acquisition) were obtained for each subject, two for each of three task conditions (see below). The order of administration of the tasks was randomized across the six scans for each subject. The General Electric Advance system was used to measure rCBF. For each scan subjects received a 20 sec intrav ...
... acquisition) were obtained for each subject, two for each of three task conditions (see below). The order of administration of the tasks was randomized across the six scans for each subject. The General Electric Advance system was used to measure rCBF. For each scan subjects received a 20 sec intrav ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
Sleep and sleep states: Thalamic regulation
... more regular than delta waves in vivo. The latter studies demonstrated that this form of delta-wave activity is generated intrinsically by the interplay of IT and Ih currents in thalamocortical (TC) neurons. Slow oscillations (<1 Hz) can be generated by the cortex; they were observed in cortical sli ...
... more regular than delta waves in vivo. The latter studies demonstrated that this form of delta-wave activity is generated intrinsically by the interplay of IT and Ih currents in thalamocortical (TC) neurons. Slow oscillations (<1 Hz) can be generated by the cortex; they were observed in cortical sli ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... act as neuromodulators in a wide array of neural circuitry. They also have been implicated in the modulation of noradrenergic,20,26-28 cholinergic,29 serotonergic,30,31 histaminergic,32 and dopaminergic systems,33,34 as well as in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.35-37 A key ...
... act as neuromodulators in a wide array of neural circuitry. They also have been implicated in the modulation of noradrenergic,20,26-28 cholinergic,29 serotonergic,30,31 histaminergic,32 and dopaminergic systems,33,34 as well as in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.35-37 A key ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... functions but display various and sometimes prolonged periods of somnolence, with marked refractoriness for arousal, which when evokable, may not outlast the arousing stimuli. In contrast, animals surviving transection of the long ascending and descending tracts of the midbrain, but with no RF lesio ...
... functions but display various and sometimes prolonged periods of somnolence, with marked refractoriness for arousal, which when evokable, may not outlast the arousing stimuli. In contrast, animals surviving transection of the long ascending and descending tracts of the midbrain, but with no RF lesio ...
Mammalian Sleep
... neuronal activity of the midbrain and pontine regions responsible for REM sleep generation was studied in the turtle.20 This study found no evidence of cyclicity in neuronal activity during extended quiescent periods and hence no evidence of REM sleep. It would be extremely valuable to confirm these ...
... neuronal activity of the midbrain and pontine regions responsible for REM sleep generation was studied in the turtle.20 This study found no evidence of cyclicity in neuronal activity during extended quiescent periods and hence no evidence of REM sleep. It would be extremely valuable to confirm these ...
Mechanisms of Sleep Control - UCLA Integrative Center for
... Shute and Lewis (1967) originated the concept of an ascending cholinergic activating system. This fit well with extensive data showing loss of behavioral responsiveness and EEG synchrony after damage to the midbrain reticular formation (Lindsley et al., 1949,1950) and arousal after stimulation of th ...
... Shute and Lewis (1967) originated the concept of an ascending cholinergic activating system. This fit well with extensive data showing loss of behavioral responsiveness and EEG synchrony after damage to the midbrain reticular formation (Lindsley et al., 1949,1950) and arousal after stimulation of th ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state of active sleep is hallmarked by EEG desynchrony, muscle atonia, robust PGO wave activity, and EOG activity (Figures 2, 3). During this state, the ongoing spike activity of all SRT neurons was reduced to 14.7 spikes/s±3.1 (p<0.05, range: 0.5-38) ...
... obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state of active sleep is hallmarked by EEG desynchrony, muscle atonia, robust PGO wave activity, and EOG activity (Figures 2, 3). During this state, the ongoing spike activity of all SRT neurons was reduced to 14.7 spikes/s±3.1 (p<0.05, range: 0.5-38) ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... Thus, both REM and NREM sleep appear vital and subject to homeostasis but can be suspended in rare cases for a substantial portion of life. In contrast to circadian biology, where the selective advantage of predicting daylight and seasonal occurrence is obvious [18], sleep is dangerous in the presen ...
... Thus, both REM and NREM sleep appear vital and subject to homeostasis but can be suspended in rare cases for a substantial portion of life. In contrast to circadian biology, where the selective advantage of predicting daylight and seasonal occurrence is obvious [18], sleep is dangerous in the presen ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... (icv) with the alpha-2 agonsit clonidine or beta-antagonist propanolol. Injection of clonidine bilaterally immediately adjacent to LC induced a shift in neocortical EEG. These observations indicate that the level of LC activity are not only correlated with, but causally related to EEG measures of fo ...
... (icv) with the alpha-2 agonsit clonidine or beta-antagonist propanolol. Injection of clonidine bilaterally immediately adjacent to LC induced a shift in neocortical EEG. These observations indicate that the level of LC activity are not only correlated with, but causally related to EEG measures of fo ...
A mathematical model on REM-NREM cycle
... • sleep-wake homeostasis, or Process S, the accumulation of hypnogenic (sleep-inducing) substances in the brain, which generates a homeostatic sleep drive. Both of these processes are influenced to some extent by the genes of the individual. In addition, various external factors can also have a dire ...
... • sleep-wake homeostasis, or Process S, the accumulation of hypnogenic (sleep-inducing) substances in the brain, which generates a homeostatic sleep drive. Both of these processes are influenced to some extent by the genes of the individual. In addition, various external factors can also have a dire ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... H. Merica, R.D. Fortune the polysomnography and spindle-defined sleep onset that often involves an alternation between stage 1 ‘sleep’ and wake before the occurrence of the stage 1 episode that ends with sleep onset. This episode, often referred to as the sleep onset period, marks a period of gradua ...
... H. Merica, R.D. Fortune the polysomnography and spindle-defined sleep onset that often involves an alternation between stage 1 ‘sleep’ and wake before the occurrence of the stage 1 episode that ends with sleep onset. This episode, often referred to as the sleep onset period, marks a period of gradua ...
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
It has been estimated that over 20% of adults suffer from some form of sleep deprivation. Insomnia and sleep deprivation are common symptoms of depression and can be an indication of other mental disorders. The consequences of not getting enough sleep could have dire results; not only to the health of the individual, but those around them as sleep deprivation increases the risk of human-error related accidents, especially with vigilance-based tasks involving technology.