Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... In this hierarchy, actions are subordinate to the rules that govern them, and they may therefore have a distinct neuroanatomical basis. Based on the integration of results from behavioral studies, neuroimaging, and primate physiology, it has been proposed that the encoding of pertinent rules in pref ...
... In this hierarchy, actions are subordinate to the rules that govern them, and they may therefore have a distinct neuroanatomical basis. Based on the integration of results from behavioral studies, neuroimaging, and primate physiology, it has been proposed that the encoding of pertinent rules in pref ...
The continuous performance test: a window on
... limbic system. The involvement of the limbic system as well as the medial and dorsolateral frontal cortex is seen as resulting from their respective inputs into the association areas, which in turn impact on the inferior parietal lobes to inhibit or facilitate attentional response. The posterior par ...
... limbic system. The involvement of the limbic system as well as the medial and dorsolateral frontal cortex is seen as resulting from their respective inputs into the association areas, which in turn impact on the inferior parietal lobes to inhibit or facilitate attentional response. The posterior par ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... could easily be trained to produce this rhythm voluntarily. Between 150 and 200 conditioned responses could be elicited prior to satiety, occurring at approximately 5-10 s intervals during a typical experimental session. The behavior associated with this conditioned response was again the sustained ...
... could easily be trained to produce this rhythm voluntarily. Between 150 and 200 conditioned responses could be elicited prior to satiety, occurring at approximately 5-10 s intervals during a typical experimental session. The behavior associated with this conditioned response was again the sustained ...
Frontal lobe and cognitive development
... The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred from the functional role of the structures with which it is connected. In general terms, the prefrontal-limbic connections are involved in the control of emotional behavior, whereas the ...
... The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred from the functional role of the structures with which it is connected. In general terms, the prefrontal-limbic connections are involved in the control of emotional behavior, whereas the ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) to measure fluorescence intensity relative to background (adjacent non-TH region). For each group of wake-active neurons, the total number of nucleated wake neurons on all relevant sections were counted, and the percentage of these neuro ...
... Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) to measure fluorescence intensity relative to background (adjacent non-TH region). For each group of wake-active neurons, the total number of nucleated wake neurons on all relevant sections were counted, and the percentage of these neuro ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... research as important for memory (e.g., Buckner et al. 1999; Lepage et al. 2000; Fletcher and Henson 2001; Wagner et al. 2001; Cabeza et al. 2002; Sohn et al. 2003, 2005; ThompsonSchill 2003; Wheeler and Buckner 2003; Kohler et al. 2004; Badre et al. 2005; Dobbins and Wagner 2005). These imaging res ...
... research as important for memory (e.g., Buckner et al. 1999; Lepage et al. 2000; Fletcher and Henson 2001; Wagner et al. 2001; Cabeza et al. 2002; Sohn et al. 2003, 2005; ThompsonSchill 2003; Wheeler and Buckner 2003; Kohler et al. 2004; Badre et al. 2005; Dobbins and Wagner 2005). These imaging res ...
C-fos Expression in the Pons and Medulla of the Cat during
... Tables I, 2). Because the activity in a number of pontomedullary structures is known to be correlated during active sleep, a multivariate method for comparing mean profiles between groups, such as a multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) test, is necessary. However, a MANOVA comparison of mean profiles require ...
... Tables I, 2). Because the activity in a number of pontomedullary structures is known to be correlated during active sleep, a multivariate method for comparing mean profiles between groups, such as a multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) test, is necessary. However, a MANOVA comparison of mean profiles require ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... to a fixed level, can be flexibly allocated or reallocated between two concurrent tasks based on their needs, and enhances behavioral performance when its allocation to one task is increased. Further, a metamemory task requiring spatial information has been used to understand the neural mechanism fo ...
... to a fixed level, can be flexibly allocated or reallocated between two concurrent tasks based on their needs, and enhances behavioral performance when its allocation to one task is increased. Further, a metamemory task requiring spatial information has been used to understand the neural mechanism fo ...
Dissociable Functions in the Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex
... developed a gambling task to model certain key aspects of real life decision-making which is typified by uncertain premises and outcomes, together with the requirement to process both positive and negative reinforcement (Bechara et al., 1994). These authors found that patients with orbitofrontal les ...
... developed a gambling task to model certain key aspects of real life decision-making which is typified by uncertain premises and outcomes, together with the requirement to process both positive and negative reinforcement (Bechara et al., 1994). These authors found that patients with orbitofrontal les ...
Attention maps in the brain - Site BU
... Subjects held central fixation during this twopart display and directed their attention to one portion or the other. Eye position measurements performed in the scanner confirmed that subjects could hold central fixation during these experiments. Subjects performed alternating blocks of trials in whi ...
... Subjects held central fixation during this twopart display and directed their attention to one portion or the other. Eye position measurements performed in the scanner confirmed that subjects could hold central fixation during these experiments. Subjects performed alternating blocks of trials in whi ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... oscillations decreases. Spindle activity is highest during stage 2 NREM sleep, increases over consecutive NREM – REM sleep cycles, and is reduced after sleep deprivation. Sleep spindle is one of the characteristic transient EEG phenomena. It is easy to recognize, useful for the classification of NR ...
... oscillations decreases. Spindle activity is highest during stage 2 NREM sleep, increases over consecutive NREM – REM sleep cycles, and is reduced after sleep deprivation. Sleep spindle is one of the characteristic transient EEG phenomena. It is easy to recognize, useful for the classification of NR ...
Molecular Basis for Induction of Ocular Dominance
... (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) facilitate the deprivation-induced synaptic depression in visual cortex (Bear and Singer, 1986; Gordon et al., 1990; Gu and Singer, 1995; Wang et al., 1997). 6. Antagonists of N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors inhibit deprivation-induced synaptic depression. Intracorti ...
... (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) facilitate the deprivation-induced synaptic depression in visual cortex (Bear and Singer, 1986; Gordon et al., 1990; Gu and Singer, 1995; Wang et al., 1997). 6. Antagonists of N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors inhibit deprivation-induced synaptic depression. Intracorti ...
Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by
... and atonia on the EMG. Neurons that are active during waking (red symbols) include cells with ascending projections toward the cortex, which stimulate fast cortical activity, and cells with descending projections toward the spinal cord, which stimulate postural muscle tone and behavioral arousal. Th ...
... and atonia on the EMG. Neurons that are active during waking (red symbols) include cells with ascending projections toward the cortex, which stimulate fast cortical activity, and cells with descending projections toward the spinal cord, which stimulate postural muscle tone and behavioral arousal. Th ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... DMC among the DMH subdivisions (Fig. 4B). Given this anatomical overlap between Prdm13 and Nkx2-1 and the diurnal oscillation of Prdm13 expression, we hypothesized that Prdm13 could be a transcriptional target of Nkx2-1, whose activity is regulated by Sirt1 in a diurnal manner (Satoh et al., 2013). ...
... DMC among the DMH subdivisions (Fig. 4B). Given this anatomical overlap between Prdm13 and Nkx2-1 and the diurnal oscillation of Prdm13 expression, we hypothesized that Prdm13 could be a transcriptional target of Nkx2-1, whose activity is regulated by Sirt1 in a diurnal manner (Satoh et al., 2013). ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal forebrain region caused a significant increase in the high θ- and γrange power throughout inf ...
... comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal forebrain region caused a significant increase in the high θ- and γrange power throughout inf ...
The Role of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Decision Making
... their previous choices. No mention was made of any requirement for the choices to be internally consistent. All possible pairs were presented within each category, for a total of 58 trials. For example, in the ‘‘food’’ category, subjects would choose between carrot sticks and watermelon on one trial ...
... their previous choices. No mention was made of any requirement for the choices to be internally consistent. All possible pairs were presented within each category, for a total of 58 trials. For example, in the ‘‘food’’ category, subjects would choose between carrot sticks and watermelon on one trial ...
General anaesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal
... These studies are of particular interest because if a specific mutation that affects only anaesthetic modulation (and no other channel properties) is identified, it would be possible, by introducing such a ‘silent’ mutation into mice, to test the importance of the receptor to the in vivo anaesthetic ...
... These studies are of particular interest because if a specific mutation that affects only anaesthetic modulation (and no other channel properties) is identified, it would be possible, by introducing such a ‘silent’ mutation into mice, to test the importance of the receptor to the in vivo anaesthetic ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). Dopaminecontaining neurons are also located in the retina and olfactory bulb. ...
... but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). Dopaminecontaining neurons are also located in the retina and olfactory bulb. ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... interpretations were proposed for these results. However, the observation that emotionally arousing events are remembered vividly whereas others are forgotten led Gold and McGaugh [b] to suggest that post-learning treatments might be interfering with, or potentiating, a mechanism that regulates memo ...
... interpretations were proposed for these results. However, the observation that emotionally arousing events are remembered vividly whereas others are forgotten led Gold and McGaugh [b] to suggest that post-learning treatments might be interfering with, or potentiating, a mechanism that regulates memo ...
Superior Parietal Cortex Is Critical for the Manipulation of
... In recent years, theoretical perspectives on posterior parietal function have evolved beyond the traditional visuospatial processing models to include more diverse cognitive operations, such as long-term and working memory. However, definitive neuropsychological evidence supporting the superior pari ...
... In recent years, theoretical perspectives on posterior parietal function have evolved beyond the traditional visuospatial processing models to include more diverse cognitive operations, such as long-term and working memory. However, definitive neuropsychological evidence supporting the superior pari ...
Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex
... This review focuses on eye movement control by the cerebral cortex, mainly in humans. Data have emerged based on the important contribution of recent techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging, which provide complementary results to those of the cl ...
... This review focuses on eye movement control by the cerebral cortex, mainly in humans. Data have emerged based on the important contribution of recent techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging, which provide complementary results to those of the cl ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... on an oscilloscope, and the numbers of spikes per 50 s were counted by a pulse counter (MET1100; Nihon Kohden) and stored for further processing. This duration of sampling time was sufficient to evaluate the diurnal rhythmicity and sleep–wake state dependence. Occasionally, we used 1 s sampling to m ...
... on an oscilloscope, and the numbers of spikes per 50 s were counted by a pulse counter (MET1100; Nihon Kohden) and stored for further processing. This duration of sampling time was sufficient to evaluate the diurnal rhythmicity and sleep–wake state dependence. Occasionally, we used 1 s sampling to m ...
The Fine Structure of Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations: from Single
... of areas 5–7 of cat neocortex (suprasylvian gyrus, area 5–7; see top scheme for arrangement of electrodes). Local field potentials (LFPs) are shown (left panels) together with a representation of the correlations as a function of distance (Spatial correlations; middle panels) and time (Temporal corr ...
... of areas 5–7 of cat neocortex (suprasylvian gyrus, area 5–7; see top scheme for arrangement of electrodes). Local field potentials (LFPs) are shown (left panels) together with a representation of the correlations as a function of distance (Spatial correlations; middle panels) and time (Temporal corr ...
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
It has been estimated that over 20% of adults suffer from some form of sleep deprivation. Insomnia and sleep deprivation are common symptoms of depression and can be an indication of other mental disorders. The consequences of not getting enough sleep could have dire results; not only to the health of the individual, but those around them as sleep deprivation increases the risk of human-error related accidents, especially with vigilance-based tasks involving technology.