A new and presumably now extinct species of Millepora
... platyphylla and M. intricata with the Indo-West and Central Pacific populations of these species. Therefore, the refugia theory seems more plausible, but this would imply widespread disappearance of M . boschmai from other localities (perhaps including the Caribbean), now probably followed by final ...
... platyphylla and M. intricata with the Indo-West and Central Pacific populations of these species. Therefore, the refugia theory seems more plausible, but this would imply widespread disappearance of M . boschmai from other localities (perhaps including the Caribbean), now probably followed by final ...
Rapid diversity and abundance decline in a Caribbean coral reef
... and causes of declines, in reef fishes, sea urchins, and reefbuilding corals are being implemented as quickly as funding is in place (e.g., Lang, 2003; Wilkinson, 2004); and the resulting data are essential for management and conservation decision-making. Time constraints on underwater research prec ...
... and causes of declines, in reef fishes, sea urchins, and reefbuilding corals are being implemented as quickly as funding is in place (e.g., Lang, 2003; Wilkinson, 2004); and the resulting data are essential for management and conservation decision-making. Time constraints on underwater research prec ...
IBDIOCC - Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
... ways to locally increased CO2. At the shelf-edge, the ongoing shoaling of carbonate-corrosive waters (with high CO2 and low pH) threatens cold-water corals, in particular Lophelia pertusa, in the North East Atlantic Ocean. Ocean Acidification in relation to hard corals in the deep-sea In upwelling a ...
... ways to locally increased CO2. At the shelf-edge, the ongoing shoaling of carbonate-corrosive waters (with high CO2 and low pH) threatens cold-water corals, in particular Lophelia pertusa, in the North East Atlantic Ocean. Ocean Acidification in relation to hard corals in the deep-sea In upwelling a ...
`2-5-02 Revised PDF Block B request OP9` in a
... the non-linear response that has been observed in these and other complex ecosystems subject to multiple stressors (Scheffer 2001). The consultations consistently identified similar outstanding questions about coral reefs, and included the following issues: 1. Scientists agreed that specific investi ...
... the non-linear response that has been observed in these and other complex ecosystems subject to multiple stressors (Scheffer 2001). The consultations consistently identified similar outstanding questions about coral reefs, and included the following issues: 1. Scientists agreed that specific investi ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 367:73
... that remove coral tissue without damaging the underlying calcium carbonate skeleton are known as ‘browsers’ (Hiatt & Strasburg 1960). Bellwood & Choat (1990) distinguished two feeding modes for parrotfish that we apply here to all corallivores: ‘excavators’, which feed by removing live coral tissue ...
... that remove coral tissue without damaging the underlying calcium carbonate skeleton are known as ‘browsers’ (Hiatt & Strasburg 1960). Bellwood & Choat (1990) distinguished two feeding modes for parrotfish that we apply here to all corallivores: ‘excavators’, which feed by removing live coral tissue ...
MUTUALISM AND CORAL PERSISTENCE: THE ROLE OF
... endemic to North and South Carolina. Oculina growing in sunlit waters possess symbiotic zooxanthellae, but this relationship is facultative. In dark habitats, colonies are azooxanthellate, yet continue to grow (Miller 1995). A diverse invertebrate fauna hosted by the coral includes the majid crab Mi ...
... endemic to North and South Carolina. Oculina growing in sunlit waters possess symbiotic zooxanthellae, but this relationship is facultative. In dark habitats, colonies are azooxanthellate, yet continue to grow (Miller 1995). A diverse invertebrate fauna hosted by the coral includes the majid crab Mi ...
The Revolution of Science through Scuba
... behind towed divers (Benjamin Richards, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Research Center, personal communication). On coral reefs, Sphyraena barracuda are known to swim above and behind divers—a commonly noted behavior (C. Birkeland, J. Witman, unpublished observations). These barracuda would not be ...
... behind towed divers (Benjamin Richards, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Research Center, personal communication). On coral reefs, Sphyraena barracuda are known to swim above and behind divers—a commonly noted behavior (C. Birkeland, J. Witman, unpublished observations). These barracuda would not be ...
Coral-Fish Dynamics and Interactions: A Case Study of Grand
... Following Captain Cook’s circumnavigation of the world, in which he logged descriptions of many plants and animals, many scientists began to study marine life more closely. One example of such early resear ...
... Following Captain Cook’s circumnavigation of the world, in which he logged descriptions of many plants and animals, many scientists began to study marine life more closely. One example of such early resear ...
PATTERNS OF REEF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, NORTH JAMAICA
... have greatly modified the shallower «30 m) north coast communities. Although the present tense will be used throughout this paper, the reader should be aware that certain of the communities have changed considerably subsequent to the censuses described herein. STUDY LoCALITY Discovery Bay lies on th ...
... have greatly modified the shallower «30 m) north coast communities. Although the present tense will be used throughout this paper, the reader should be aware that certain of the communities have changed considerably subsequent to the censuses described herein. STUDY LoCALITY Discovery Bay lies on th ...
Will Coral Islands Maintain Their Growth over the Next Century? A
... island will continue to increase in size until it reaches an equilibrium, whereby sediment delivery and removal are balanced ...
... island will continue to increase in size until it reaches an equilibrium, whereby sediment delivery and removal are balanced ...
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
... influx and areas of upwelling are also affected, and in turn cause changes in water clarity associated with plankton blooms (Fig. 3; Gagan et al. 1998; Wilson & Vecsei 2005). Longer term oceanographic (temperature, acidity and compositional changes) and atmospheric (CO2) changes over the scale of th ...
... influx and areas of upwelling are also affected, and in turn cause changes in water clarity associated with plankton blooms (Fig. 3; Gagan et al. 1998; Wilson & Vecsei 2005). Longer term oceanographic (temperature, acidity and compositional changes) and atmospheric (CO2) changes over the scale of th ...
Structure And Function Of Marine Shoreline Ecosystems
... Coral reefs cover ~2 x 106 km2 worldwide and are mostly located between 3°N and 30°S. However, they are best developed in the Indo-Pacific province. There are 9000 species of corals and a majority of them are hard with skeletons made of calcium carbonate. The hard corals form fringing reefs along th ...
... Coral reefs cover ~2 x 106 km2 worldwide and are mostly located between 3°N and 30°S. However, they are best developed in the Indo-Pacific province. There are 9000 species of corals and a majority of them are hard with skeletons made of calcium carbonate. The hard corals form fringing reefs along th ...
Effects of small-scale isolation and predation on fish diversity on
... among reefs through changes in predation pressure. First, small artificial reefs were placed at increasing distances from a naturally continuous reef, over a sloping bottom. Species richness and density of each species increased with isolation. Next, artificial reefs were relocated, together with al ...
... among reefs through changes in predation pressure. First, small artificial reefs were placed at increasing distances from a naturally continuous reef, over a sloping bottom. Species richness and density of each species increased with isolation. Next, artificial reefs were relocated, together with al ...
Phylogenetic survey and antimicrobial activity of culturable
... provide other important functions for corals (Santavy & Peters, 1997; Harvell et al., 1999). Microorganisms found in soft corals may help the host by protecting them against pathogens and/or may supply nutrients (ShnitOrland & Kushmaro, 2009). Although our understanding of the microbial communities ...
... provide other important functions for corals (Santavy & Peters, 1997; Harvell et al., 1999). Microorganisms found in soft corals may help the host by protecting them against pathogens and/or may supply nutrients (ShnitOrland & Kushmaro, 2009). Although our understanding of the microbial communities ...
Reciprocal facilitation and nonlinearity maintain habitat engineering
... Ecosystem engineers that create habitats facilitate the coexistence of many interacting species. This biotic response to habitat engineering may result in non-intuitive cascading interactions, potentially including feedbacks to the engineer. Such feedback mechanisms, either positive or negative, may ...
... Ecosystem engineers that create habitats facilitate the coexistence of many interacting species. This biotic response to habitat engineering may result in non-intuitive cascading interactions, potentially including feedbacks to the engineer. Such feedback mechanisms, either positive or negative, may ...
Artificial Reefs: The Importance of Comparisons with Natural Reefs
... colonization. Reef size, age, and K isolation have not been controlled . in the few studies that have com- I pared fish assemblages between natural and artificial reefs (e.g., Molles 1978; Ambrose and Swarbrick 1989; DeMartini et al. 1989). This is because artificial reefs are typically much smaller ...
... colonization. Reef size, age, and K isolation have not been controlled . in the few studies that have com- I pared fish assemblages between natural and artificial reefs (e.g., Molles 1978; Ambrose and Swarbrick 1989; DeMartini et al. 1989). This is because artificial reefs are typically much smaller ...
List of Tables
... 2001, McClanahan, 1988). Such distinct features influence the distribution and productivity of coastal and marine ecosystems. These ecosystems provide essential ecological services, and serve as the source of livelihoods for coastal and inland human populations. However, with increasing population c ...
... 2001, McClanahan, 1988). Such distinct features influence the distribution and productivity of coastal and marine ecosystems. These ecosystems provide essential ecological services, and serve as the source of livelihoods for coastal and inland human populations. However, with increasing population c ...
DISTRIBUTION, PERSISTENCE, AND GROWTH OF GROUPERS
... substrate, and were of the same size and dimensions (ca. I m3), which is the size of small patch reefs in this area. The experimental design ultimately included five treatments of various hole sizes and numbers: (I) controls with no holes, (2) ]2 small holes (4 X 6 cm), (3) 24 small holes, (4) 12 la ...
... substrate, and were of the same size and dimensions (ca. I m3), which is the size of small patch reefs in this area. The experimental design ultimately included five treatments of various hole sizes and numbers: (I) controls with no holes, (2) ]2 small holes (4 X 6 cm), (3) 24 small holes, (4) 12 la ...
Mortality rates of scleractinian corals before and
... Department of Marine Biology. James Cook University of North Queensland. Townsville 481 1. Australia ...
... Department of Marine Biology. James Cook University of North Queensland. Townsville 481 1. Australia ...
Seamounts, ridges, and reef habitats of American Samoa
... of species identification of fish and invertebrates (32 species of invertebrates and 91 species of fish identified, 9 new records) and determining the base of extensive live bottom (i.e., coral cover of 20% and greater). In addition and where possible, we sought to ground-truth previous benthic terr ...
... of species identification of fish and invertebrates (32 species of invertebrates and 91 species of fish identified, 9 new records) and determining the base of extensive live bottom (i.e., coral cover of 20% and greater). In addition and where possible, we sought to ground-truth previous benthic terr ...
Seawater nutrient and carbonate ion concentrations recorded as P
... appropriate age can thus be used to study the ocean’s role in abrupt climate events including Heinrich events, the Younger Dryas, the Medieval Warm Period, and the Little Ice Age, if the range of useful proxies can be expanded. The solitary coral Desmophyllum dianthus (D. dianthus) is an aragonitic ...
... appropriate age can thus be used to study the ocean’s role in abrupt climate events including Heinrich events, the Younger Dryas, the Medieval Warm Period, and the Little Ice Age, if the range of useful proxies can be expanded. The solitary coral Desmophyllum dianthus (D. dianthus) is an aragonitic ...
The geology of European coldwater coral carbonate mounds
... In the context of climate change the discussion of energy provision is focused increasingly on renewables, but how realistic a proposition is it for renewables to provide the energy we need? Nuclear is touted by many as an alternative, yet the problem of waste is far from being solved. So when and h ...
... In the context of climate change the discussion of energy provision is focused increasingly on renewables, but how realistic a proposition is it for renewables to provide the energy we need? Nuclear is touted by many as an alternative, yet the problem of waste is far from being solved. So when and h ...
Submission - Inquiry into Australia`s Urban Water Management
... approximately 2,900 reefs and covers an area of approximately 350,000 km2 on the northeastern Australian continental shelf. The GBR is one of the world's richest areas of faunal diversity. The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA) contains more than just coral reefs. It also contains many ...
... approximately 2,900 reefs and covers an area of approximately 350,000 km2 on the northeastern Australian continental shelf. The GBR is one of the world's richest areas of faunal diversity. The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA) contains more than just coral reefs. It also contains many ...
Chapter 43 TROPICAL AND SUB
... Reef-related tourism generates 11.5 billion dollars per year in revenue for the global economy (Table 1). Tourism and recreation in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef alone sustain 69,000 jobs and are valued at either 4.4 billion dollars per year (Deloitte Access Economics, 2013) or 11.5 to 15.5 billion ...
... Reef-related tourism generates 11.5 billion dollars per year in revenue for the global economy (Table 1). Tourism and recreation in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef alone sustain 69,000 jobs and are valued at either 4.4 billion dollars per year (Deloitte Access Economics, 2013) or 11.5 to 15.5 billion ...
Early post-settlement mortality and the structure of coral assemblages
... at Moorea (17° 30’ S, 149° 50’ W), in the Society Archipelago, French Polynesia. Sampling was undertaken on the outer reef slope in 3 water depths (6, 12 and 18 m) at each of 3 locations (Vaipahu, Tiahura and Haapiti), giving a total of 9 stations. Haapiti is located on the western shore and is dire ...
... at Moorea (17° 30’ S, 149° 50’ W), in the Society Archipelago, French Polynesia. Sampling was undertaken on the outer reef slope in 3 water depths (6, 12 and 18 m) at each of 3 locations (Vaipahu, Tiahura and Haapiti), giving a total of 9 stations. Haapiti is located on the western shore and is dire ...
Coral reef
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals. Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups. The polyps belong to a group of animals known as Cnidaria, which also includes sea anemones and jellyfish. Unlike sea anemones, corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons which support and protect the coral polyps. Reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters.Often called ""rainforests of the sea"", shallow coral reefs form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They occupy less than 0.1% of the world's ocean surface, about half the area of France, yet they provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species, including fish, mollusks, worms, crustaceans, echinoderms, sponges, tunicates and other cnidarians. Paradoxically, coral reefs flourish even though they are surrounded by ocean waters that provide few nutrients. They are most commonly found at shallow depths in tropical waters, but deep water and cold water corals also exist on smaller scales in other areas.Coral reefs deliver ecosystem services to tourism, fisheries and shoreline protection. The annual global economic value of coral reefs is estimated between US$29.8-375 billion. However, coral reefs are fragile ecosystems, partly because they are very sensitive to water temperature. They are under threat from climate change, oceanic acidification, blast fishing, cyanide fishing for aquarium fish, sunscreen use, overuse of reef resources, and harmful land-use practices, including urban and agricultural runoff and water pollution, which can harm reefs by encouraging excess algal growth.