Reef Restoration - Newcastle University
... Until about 20 years ago it seemed that the biggest threats to coral reefs were from chronic human disturbances such as increased sedimentation resulting from land-use change and poor watershed management, sewage discharges, nutrient loading and eutrophication from changing agricultural practices, c ...
... Until about 20 years ago it seemed that the biggest threats to coral reefs were from chronic human disturbances such as increased sedimentation resulting from land-use change and poor watershed management, sewage discharges, nutrient loading and eutrophication from changing agricultural practices, c ...
Evolution of body size, vision, and biodiversity of coral
... biological and geological processes [13]. Smaller bryozoan mounds and intervals with an octocoral-rich facies are interfingering with the larger coral mounds [60]. The corals grew in relatively deep water below the photic zone, between 200–400 m [13] in the mesopelagic zone. At such depths, only som ...
... biological and geological processes [13]. Smaller bryozoan mounds and intervals with an octocoral-rich facies are interfingering with the larger coral mounds [60]. The corals grew in relatively deep water below the photic zone, between 200–400 m [13] in the mesopelagic zone. At such depths, only som ...
Journal of Marine Science - CIEE Research Station Bonaire
... increase in the population of barracuda results in a decrease in the population of prey, while an upwelling that stimulates the growth and abundance of macroalgae will strengthen the population of herbivores. These cycles feed and balance each other. Recently, mainly as a result of our industrial so ...
... increase in the population of barracuda results in a decrease in the population of prey, while an upwelling that stimulates the growth and abundance of macroalgae will strengthen the population of herbivores. These cycles feed and balance each other. Recently, mainly as a result of our industrial so ...
Density dependence and population regulation in marine fish: a
... interacting with interference competition, given that the experimental removal of predators and/or aggressively dominant territorial damselfish resulted in density-independent mortality. A combination of mechanisms likely explained these patterns (Carr et al. 2002; see also Holbrook and Schmitt 2002, ...
... interacting with interference competition, given that the experimental removal of predators and/or aggressively dominant territorial damselfish resulted in density-independent mortality. A combination of mechanisms likely explained these patterns (Carr et al. 2002; see also Holbrook and Schmitt 2002, ...
Dynamics and Evolution of European Margins
... ago (Ma) and is marked by margin-wide erosion. Although glacial sediments form a major component of the prograding wedges, the onset of late Neogene change pre-dates Northern Hemisphere glaciation by at least 1.5 million years. The latter may have been accelerated by uplift. A change from restricted ...
... ago (Ma) and is marked by margin-wide erosion. Although glacial sediments form a major component of the prograding wedges, the onset of late Neogene change pre-dates Northern Hemisphere glaciation by at least 1.5 million years. The latter may have been accelerated by uplift. A change from restricted ...
Steneck. Status of Bonaire`s Coral Reefs 2015
... have suffered bleaching disturbances similar to those plaguing reefs throughout the Caribbean, they uniquely show signs of recovery. Here we highlight key findings from our March 2015 biennial coral reef monitoring expedition. We put the findings in the context of both the trends recorded since 2003 ...
... have suffered bleaching disturbances similar to those plaguing reefs throughout the Caribbean, they uniquely show signs of recovery. Here we highlight key findings from our March 2015 biennial coral reef monitoring expedition. We put the findings in the context of both the trends recorded since 2003 ...
which can be downloaded here
... relatively fragile biota, such as sponges, could exist in abundance in a high-energy environment (Wood et al., 1996). In addition to the controversy over the reef wall, it has been reported that, where there were breaks in the wall, reef mounds formed slightly upslope in shallower environments where ...
... relatively fragile biota, such as sponges, could exist in abundance in a high-energy environment (Wood et al., 1996). In addition to the controversy over the reef wall, it has been reported that, where there were breaks in the wall, reef mounds formed slightly upslope in shallower environments where ...
Biogeography of planktonic and benthic
... to the water column. In both sediments and water, community structure was strongly related to overall biomass (chlorophyll a concentration), although both these communities corresponded to different sets of biotic/abiotic variables. To examine the influence of freshwater input on planktonic cyanobac ...
... to the water column. In both sediments and water, community structure was strongly related to overall biomass (chlorophyll a concentration), although both these communities corresponded to different sets of biotic/abiotic variables. To examine the influence of freshwater input on planktonic cyanobac ...
there`s no place like home
... [ Seafloor types in New England ] be scattered with sand, gravel, cobble or boulders, but can still have a few patches where filter-feeding animals can become established. These small patches of hard bottom will frequently support a garden of coral, sponges, algae, tube-dwelling worms, and other inv ...
... [ Seafloor types in New England ] be scattered with sand, gravel, cobble or boulders, but can still have a few patches where filter-feeding animals can become established. These small patches of hard bottom will frequently support a garden of coral, sponges, algae, tube-dwelling worms, and other inv ...
Coral Reefs and Changing Seawater Carbonate Chemistry
... In the most simplistic context, Earth’s carbon cycle can be configured as four different reservoirs: atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere (Figure 1). Over geologic time, the fluxes of carbon between these reservoirs tend to maintain relative stability in the sizes of the reservoirs. Occa ...
... In the most simplistic context, Earth’s carbon cycle can be configured as four different reservoirs: atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere (Figure 1). Over geologic time, the fluxes of carbon between these reservoirs tend to maintain relative stability in the sizes of the reservoirs. Occa ...
the full report here!
... (Cyr and Pace 1993). They also play an essential nursery role, providing spawning habitats for many fish and invertebrates (Vermeij et al 2013). For this reason there is growing concern about ...
... (Cyr and Pace 1993). They also play an essential nursery role, providing spawning habitats for many fish and invertebrates (Vermeij et al 2013). For this reason there is growing concern about ...
Marine conservation in the British Indian Ocean
... Explicit promotion of sustainable use of natural resources (including regulated fishing) to provide the means of achieving nature conservation ...
... Explicit promotion of sustainable use of natural resources (including regulated fishing) to provide the means of achieving nature conservation ...
Symbiotic relationships between sponges and other organisms from
... by the sponge is occupied by other epibionts (green and red algae, bryozoans, polychaetes and bivalves). Only the oscular areas (from 1 to 4 cm in diameter) are free of these epibionts (Fig. 2A). In some cases, more than one individual of H. sonorensis was observed on a same specimen of Geodia, whic ...
... by the sponge is occupied by other epibionts (green and red algae, bryozoans, polychaetes and bivalves). Only the oscular areas (from 1 to 4 cm in diameter) are free of these epibionts (Fig. 2A). In some cases, more than one individual of H. sonorensis was observed on a same specimen of Geodia, whic ...
The influence of echinodenns on coral
... Each coral-reef community is unique. It differs from all other coral-reef communities, and it changes from its own previous state with time. Coral- reef communities are either in a state of 'recovery', with corals increasing in percent surface coverage in the benthic community or else the community ...
... Each coral-reef community is unique. It differs from all other coral-reef communities, and it changes from its own previous state with time. Coral- reef communities are either in a state of 'recovery', with corals increasing in percent surface coverage in the benthic community or else the community ...
Seasonal and ontogenetic patterns of habitat use in coral reef fish
... For each season, two spatial scales of habitat were considered. At a large spatial scale (1e10 km), we measured the shortest distance to the barrier reef and the shortest distance to the main island for each transect. There were slightly more transects far from the coast in autumn (Table 2). After e ...
... For each season, two spatial scales of habitat were considered. At a large spatial scale (1e10 km), we measured the shortest distance to the barrier reef and the shortest distance to the main island for each transect. There were slightly more transects far from the coast in autumn (Table 2). After e ...
SUBSTRATE CHARACTERISTICS, FISH GRAZING
... (polyvinyl-chloride plastic) would support the same epibenthic assemblages as the natural substrate at our study site (dead coral rock). The hypotheses regarding small-scale relief concerned the mechanism(s) by which this characteristic might influence benthic community structure. Two mechanisms see ...
... (polyvinyl-chloride plastic) would support the same epibenthic assemblages as the natural substrate at our study site (dead coral rock). The hypotheses regarding small-scale relief concerned the mechanism(s) by which this characteristic might influence benthic community structure. Two mechanisms see ...
Research Cruise in the Gulf of Ana Maria and Gardens of the Queen
... Species of snapper and grunt are seen swimming around the prop root of a cay comprised on mangroves and sandy beaches. Mangroves can serve as a nursery grounds and connect many commercial important species from offshore coral reefs into coastal fishing grounds, such as snappers and grunts. ...
... Species of snapper and grunt are seen swimming around the prop root of a cay comprised on mangroves and sandy beaches. Mangroves can serve as a nursery grounds and connect many commercial important species from offshore coral reefs into coastal fishing grounds, such as snappers and grunts. ...
Ocean Basins and Crust
... •Seamounts are conical volcanoes on the sea floor. Guyots are flat-topped mountains rising above the seafloor, but not up to the seasurface. They were volcanic islands that were weathered to sea-level, then subsided due to cooling of the oceanic crust underneath them. The flat top is a combination o ...
... •Seamounts are conical volcanoes on the sea floor. Guyots are flat-topped mountains rising above the seafloor, but not up to the seasurface. They were volcanic islands that were weathered to sea-level, then subsided due to cooling of the oceanic crust underneath them. The flat top is a combination o ...
Response Diversity Can Increase Ecological Resilience to
... and the resilient coral CL, as well as macroalgae M. Because these state variables represent proportion cover, they all have values 苸[0,1], with their sum CS ⫹ CL ⫹ M ≤ 1. Either coral can colonize any area not covered by these three populations (1 ⫺ CS ⫺ CL ⫺ M; e.g., bare substrate or turf algae) ...
... and the resilient coral CL, as well as macroalgae M. Because these state variables represent proportion cover, they all have values 苸[0,1], with their sum CS ⫹ CL ⫹ M ≤ 1. Either coral can colonize any area not covered by these three populations (1 ⫺ CS ⫺ CL ⫺ M; e.g., bare substrate or turf algae) ...
Shallow-water comatulid crinoids (Echinodermata) from Barbados, West Indies
... gins. Coral density (as determined by line transects) is high on the seaward slope of the bank reef, reaching 70% coverage by live and dead coral. Coverage by live or dead coral on the level platform of the bank reef is somewhat less (54%). The greatest numbers of crinoids were encountered on the se ...
... gins. Coral density (as determined by line transects) is high on the seaward slope of the bank reef, reaching 70% coverage by live and dead coral. Coverage by live or dead coral on the level platform of the bank reef is somewhat less (54%). The greatest numbers of crinoids were encountered on the se ...
Spatial, temporal and ontogenetic patterns of habitat use by coral
... Marine Biology Department, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland 4812, Australia ...
... Marine Biology Department, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland 4812, Australia ...
Hotspot Ecosystem Research on Europe`s Deep-Ocean
... waters and the deeper ocean environment. Intense radiocarbon or U-Th dating techniques of fossil corals will elucidate the response of bathyal coral ecosystems to climate-related changes, such as circulation patterns, hydrodynamic regimes, and surface-water productivity. We know now that cold-water ...
... waters and the deeper ocean environment. Intense radiocarbon or U-Th dating techniques of fossil corals will elucidate the response of bathyal coral ecosystems to climate-related changes, such as circulation patterns, hydrodynamic regimes, and surface-water productivity. We know now that cold-water ...
Marine Science Training Handbook
... – the largest barrier reef in the western hemisphere and the second largest in the world. The diversity and quality of the reef have led to the reef being considered one of the seven wonders of the underwater world (http://www.7wonders.org/underwater-wonders/). Coastal lagoons and mangroves cover mu ...
... – the largest barrier reef in the western hemisphere and the second largest in the world. The diversity and quality of the reef have led to the reef being considered one of the seven wonders of the underwater world (http://www.7wonders.org/underwater-wonders/). Coastal lagoons and mangroves cover mu ...
Larval Connectivity in an Effective Network of Marine Protected Areas
... Copyright: ß 2010 Christie et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was support ...
... Copyright: ß 2010 Christie et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was support ...
Reef Monitoring: Status of Coral Reefs in the Fiji Islands 2006
... At all sites, data was collected to a minimum of “Reef Check” standards, a method most suitable where non-specialist recorders may be collecting data, such as at tourism dive operations. At sites where surveys were carried out by more scientifically qualified personnel, coral and substrate cover was ...
... At all sites, data was collected to a minimum of “Reef Check” standards, a method most suitable where non-specialist recorders may be collecting data, such as at tourism dive operations. At sites where surveys were carried out by more scientifically qualified personnel, coral and substrate cover was ...
Coral reef
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals. Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups. The polyps belong to a group of animals known as Cnidaria, which also includes sea anemones and jellyfish. Unlike sea anemones, corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons which support and protect the coral polyps. Reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters.Often called ""rainforests of the sea"", shallow coral reefs form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They occupy less than 0.1% of the world's ocean surface, about half the area of France, yet they provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species, including fish, mollusks, worms, crustaceans, echinoderms, sponges, tunicates and other cnidarians. Paradoxically, coral reefs flourish even though they are surrounded by ocean waters that provide few nutrients. They are most commonly found at shallow depths in tropical waters, but deep water and cold water corals also exist on smaller scales in other areas.Coral reefs deliver ecosystem services to tourism, fisheries and shoreline protection. The annual global economic value of coral reefs is estimated between US$29.8-375 billion. However, coral reefs are fragile ecosystems, partly because they are very sensitive to water temperature. They are under threat from climate change, oceanic acidification, blast fishing, cyanide fishing for aquarium fish, sunscreen use, overuse of reef resources, and harmful land-use practices, including urban and agricultural runoff and water pollution, which can harm reefs by encouraging excess algal growth.