the Report - The Lasker Foundation
... four letters are offered, and a child is allowed to match the letters with a card held in the lap) and picture optotypes (such as LEA symbols). When testing vision in young children who might get lost viewing an entire line of letters, it is tempting to provide just one letter or picture at a time, ...
... four letters are offered, and a child is allowed to match the letters with a card held in the lap) and picture optotypes (such as LEA symbols). When testing vision in young children who might get lost viewing an entire line of letters, it is tempting to provide just one letter or picture at a time, ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... of simulating saccadic sensory to motor transformations. This model was designed to predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was stron ...
... of simulating saccadic sensory to motor transformations. This model was designed to predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was stron ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
Hebb repetition learning 1 VISUAL AND PHONOLOGICAL HEBB
... so, whether these different Hebb effects might depend on a single amodal system for long-term sequence learning or, alternatively, whether each subsystem of working memory interfaces with its own, modality-specific long-term learning resource. One of the principle purposes of our paper is to explore ...
... so, whether these different Hebb effects might depend on a single amodal system for long-term sequence learning or, alternatively, whether each subsystem of working memory interfaces with its own, modality-specific long-term learning resource. One of the principle purposes of our paper is to explore ...
Creating associative memory distortions
... Memory illusions, which have fascinated researchers for decades, refer to situations in which a person either declares that he or she remembers something that did not really occur or remembers a fact that did occur but in a manner that seriously differs from actually experienced events (Roediger, 19 ...
... Memory illusions, which have fascinated researchers for decades, refer to situations in which a person either declares that he or she remembers something that did not really occur or remembers a fact that did occur but in a manner that seriously differs from actually experienced events (Roediger, 19 ...
Abstract of “Primate frontal eye fields mediate spatial attention in
... FEF is retinotopically organized and has a map of visual field eccentricity (Schall, 2009). Many functionally different types of neurons have been identified in FEF. Movement neurons begin to fire approximately 50ms before the initiation of a saccadic eye movement (Bruce and Goldberg, 1985; Thompson ...
... FEF is retinotopically organized and has a map of visual field eccentricity (Schall, 2009). Many functionally different types of neurons have been identified in FEF. Movement neurons begin to fire approximately 50ms before the initiation of a saccadic eye movement (Bruce and Goldberg, 1985; Thompson ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided intriguing insights into the topography and functional organization of visual cortical areas in the human brain. However, little is known about the functional anatomy of subcortical nuclei. Here, we used high-resolution fMRI (1.5 ⫻ 1.5 ⫻ 2 mm ...
... Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided intriguing insights into the topography and functional organization of visual cortical areas in the human brain. However, little is known about the functional anatomy of subcortical nuclei. Here, we used high-resolution fMRI (1.5 ⫻ 1.5 ⫻ 2 mm ...
Memory, aging and external memory aids
... Executive functions are important when speaking about memory functioning and performance. Executive functions is a broad term involving mechanisms such as coordination, monitoring, selection, set-switching, attention control and inhibition control. All of these mechanisms are said to be important fo ...
... Executive functions are important when speaking about memory functioning and performance. Executive functions is a broad term involving mechanisms such as coordination, monitoring, selection, set-switching, attention control and inhibition control. All of these mechanisms are said to be important fo ...
Bipolar Cell
... • As we all know, our eyes detect the presence of light. • For humans, light is a narrow band of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 380 and 760 nm (a nanometer, nm, is one-billionth of a meter) is visible to us. (See Figure 6.1.) • Other ...
... • As we all know, our eyes detect the presence of light. • For humans, light is a narrow band of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 380 and 760 nm (a nanometer, nm, is one-billionth of a meter) is visible to us. (See Figure 6.1.) • Other ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... observations support this hypothesis. For example, recent behavioral studieshave shownthat animalswith selective lesions of either the magnocellular or the parvocellular LGN are impaired on different types of visual tasks(Merigan et al., 1989a,b; Schiller et al., 1990). Another body of supporting ob ...
... observations support this hypothesis. For example, recent behavioral studieshave shownthat animalswith selective lesions of either the magnocellular or the parvocellular LGN are impaired on different types of visual tasks(Merigan et al., 1989a,b; Schiller et al., 1990). Another body of supporting ob ...
Alpha-beta and Gamma Rhythms Subserve Feedback and
... these averages in the 4-20 Hz range, most alpha-beta peaks were well approximated by a single Gaussian and the resulting peak frequencies extended from 7 to 19 Hz (Figure S1A, B; mean±SD = 11.02±2.45 Hz). Likewise, when Gaussians were fitted to the GC averages in the 30-100 Hz range, the resulting g ...
... these averages in the 4-20 Hz range, most alpha-beta peaks were well approximated by a single Gaussian and the resulting peak frequencies extended from 7 to 19 Hz (Figure S1A, B; mean±SD = 11.02±2.45 Hz). Likewise, when Gaussians were fitted to the GC averages in the 30-100 Hz range, the resulting g ...
Plasticity of Binocularity and Visual Acuity Are Differentially Limited
... complete cycle of the sinusoidal grating. Following the first failure, mice were required to achieve five correct trials in a row, or 8 of 10 correct trials at each spatial frequency before proceeding to the next higher frequency. Once a mouse failed to complete 8 of 10 correct trials at a given spa ...
... complete cycle of the sinusoidal grating. Following the first failure, mice were required to achieve five correct trials in a row, or 8 of 10 correct trials at each spatial frequency before proceeding to the next higher frequency. Once a mouse failed to complete 8 of 10 correct trials at a given spa ...
Link to fulltext - Ernst Strüngmann Institute
... (OSSS) of responses to visual stimuli presented to their classical receptive field (Blakemore and Tobin, 1972; Cavanaugh et al., 2002). In addition, the amount of surround suppression of fMRI visual responses to gratings in human V1 is highly correlated with behavioral measures of surround suppressi ...
... (OSSS) of responses to visual stimuli presented to their classical receptive field (Blakemore and Tobin, 1972; Cavanaugh et al., 2002). In addition, the amount of surround suppression of fMRI visual responses to gratings in human V1 is highly correlated with behavioral measures of surround suppressi ...
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... required large-amplitude, high-frequency VPA. As an additional control, seven of the subjects viewed passively a digitally blurred checkerboard through a 0.0-D lens as above. Optometric measurements con®rmed normal visual acuity and ability to perform the focusing task (VPA). Large-amplitude saccadi ...
... required large-amplitude, high-frequency VPA. As an additional control, seven of the subjects viewed passively a digitally blurred checkerboard through a 0.0-D lens as above. Optometric measurements con®rmed normal visual acuity and ability to perform the focusing task (VPA). Large-amplitude saccadi ...
Auditory working memory: contributions of lateral prefrontal cortex
... prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found similar patterns of activity for processing auditory working memory information withi ...
... prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found similar patterns of activity for processing auditory working memory information withi ...
Proteus: Visual Analogy in Problem Solving
... themselves involve additional subtasks. For example, the retrieval task may be decomposed into the subtasks of reminding and selection, and the transfer task may involve the subtask of adaptation. ANALOGY addresses only the mapping and transfer subtasks of analogy. In contrast, Letter Spirit address ...
... themselves involve additional subtasks. For example, the retrieval task may be decomposed into the subtasks of reminding and selection, and the transfer task may involve the subtask of adaptation. ANALOGY addresses only the mapping and transfer subtasks of analogy. In contrast, Letter Spirit address ...
Visual detection deficits following inactivation of the superior colliculus in the cat
... the animals in these studies received bilateral SC lesions. Once bilateral lesions are made, animals cannot be simultaneously tested under control conditions in the same task. This makes it more difficult to test for changes in motivation or motor problems that may have made the task more difficult ...
... the animals in these studies received bilateral SC lesions. Once bilateral lesions are made, animals cannot be simultaneously tested under control conditions in the same task. This makes it more difficult to test for changes in motivation or motor problems that may have made the task more difficult ...
Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory
... appearance of a target at a new location. An example for a 12 o’clock trial is given in Fig. 1A. Each trial at a given target location was 5 s long. The first target appeared at the right horizontal meridian and subsequent target locations were marked counterclockwise through 12 or 8 equally spaced ...
... appearance of a target at a new location. An example for a 12 o’clock trial is given in Fig. 1A. Each trial at a given target location was 5 s long. The first target appeared at the right horizontal meridian and subsequent target locations were marked counterclockwise through 12 or 8 equally spaced ...
The impact of iconic gestures on foreign language word learning
... Abstract: Vocabulary acquisition represents a major challenge in foreign language learning. Research has demonstrated that gestures accompanying speech have an impact on memory for verbal information in the speakers’ mother tongue and, as recently shown, also in foreign language learning. However, t ...
... Abstract: Vocabulary acquisition represents a major challenge in foreign language learning. Research has demonstrated that gestures accompanying speech have an impact on memory for verbal information in the speakers’ mother tongue and, as recently shown, also in foreign language learning. However, t ...
The time course of selective visual attention: theory and experiments
... important distinction in the processing of information in visual search tasks is its separation in two stages. The first, early ‘‘preattentive’’ stage operates in parallel across the entire visual field extracting single ‘‘primitive features’’ without integrating them. The second ‘‘attentive’’ stage c ...
... important distinction in the processing of information in visual search tasks is its separation in two stages. The first, early ‘‘preattentive’’ stage operates in parallel across the entire visual field extracting single ‘‘primitive features’’ without integrating them. The second ‘‘attentive’’ stage c ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a wide range of timescales and compare biological developmental phases to different stages in numerical model simulations. In the cur ...
... towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a wide range of timescales and compare biological developmental phases to different stages in numerical model simulations. In the cur ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... example, even centrally presented novel objects can guide people’s eyes and attention in a particular direction because of the way that they are shaped, despite the fact that doing so is task-irrelevant or even detrimental to task performance (Sigurdardottir et al., 2014). These orienting effects ar ...
... example, even centrally presented novel objects can guide people’s eyes and attention in a particular direction because of the way that they are shaped, despite the fact that doing so is task-irrelevant or even detrimental to task performance (Sigurdardottir et al., 2014). These orienting effects ar ...
Implicit Memory for New Associations: An
... shown, redintegration depends on having enough of the original stimulus pattern available to generate data-driven operations similar to those that were applied during the first encoding of the word pair, yielding modality-specific effects in this paradigm. In addition, we suggest that this activity ...
... shown, redintegration depends on having enough of the original stimulus pattern available to generate data-driven operations similar to those that were applied during the first encoding of the word pair, yielding modality-specific effects in this paradigm. In addition, we suggest that this activity ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... processing regions. We further hypothesized that this degradation would hinder later retrieval of the affected representation, so that on a final visual recognition test, participants should be worse at discriminating inhibited pictures from similar lures, compared to their discrimination accuracy f ...
... processing regions. We further hypothesized that this degradation would hinder later retrieval of the affected representation, so that on a final visual recognition test, participants should be worse at discriminating inhibited pictures from similar lures, compared to their discrimination accuracy f ...
4. Conclusions and Perspectives - RuCCS
... instructed to avoid thinking about anything in particular and especially to avoid mental images. All participants reported that during rest, it had been “dark in their mind’s eye” (Roland et al., 1987). After the participants finished the task, they indicated the location where they had arrived and ...
... instructed to avoid thinking about anything in particular and especially to avoid mental images. All participants reported that during rest, it had been “dark in their mind’s eye” (Roland et al., 1987). After the participants finished the task, they indicated the location where they had arrived and ...
Visual memory
Visual memory describes the relationship between perceptual processing and the encoding, storage and retrieval of the resulting neural representations. Visual memory occurs over a broad time range spanning from eye movements to years in order to visually navigate to a previously visited location. Visual memory is a form of memory which preserves some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience. We are able to place in memory visual information which resembles objects, places, animals or people in a mental image. The experience of visual memory is also referred to as the mind's eye through which we can retrieve from our memory a mental image of original objects, places, animals or people. Visual memory is one of several cognitive systems, which are all interconnected parts that combine to form the human memory. Types of palinopsia, the persistence or recurrence of a visual image after the stimulus has been removed, is a dysfunction of visual memory.