Review Article Long-Term Memory Search across the
... control your body. In addition to cognition, sensory, and motor systems, our brain handles the circadian sleep/wake cycle, body temperature, pain perception, and a myriad of other functions [2–7]. Their execution requires more than 86 billion neurons [8] connected in complex brain circuits [9– 11]. ...
... control your body. In addition to cognition, sensory, and motor systems, our brain handles the circadian sleep/wake cycle, body temperature, pain perception, and a myriad of other functions [2–7]. Their execution requires more than 86 billion neurons [8] connected in complex brain circuits [9– 11]. ...
High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences
... The first clear insight into the neural pathways mediating object recognition was obtained in the late 19th century when the American neurologist Sanger Brown and the British physiologist Edward Albert Schäfer found that experimental lesions of the temporal lobe in primates resulted in loss of the a ...
... The first clear insight into the neural pathways mediating object recognition was obtained in the late 19th century when the American neurologist Sanger Brown and the British physiologist Edward Albert Schäfer found that experimental lesions of the temporal lobe in primates resulted in loss of the a ...
Vigabatrin: The Problem of Monitoring for Peripheral Vision Loss in
... 2. Serial Automated Static Perimetric Examinations: The degree of sensitivity required by this test for the detection of visual field changes makes it practical and reliable only in high-functioning children, probably those at least 9 years of age who are able to cooperate for testing. Although visu ...
... 2. Serial Automated Static Perimetric Examinations: The degree of sensitivity required by this test for the detection of visual field changes makes it practical and reliable only in high-functioning children, probably those at least 9 years of age who are able to cooperate for testing. Although visu ...
PDF preprint - The Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
... pressure on the eyeballs (Tyler, 1978), in “near death” experiences (Blackmore, 1992), and most strikingly, shortly after taking hallucinogens containing ingredients such as LSD, cannabis, mescaline, or psilocybin (Siegel & Jarvik, 1975). The images do not move with the eyes and sometimes are fixed i ...
... pressure on the eyeballs (Tyler, 1978), in “near death” experiences (Blackmore, 1992), and most strikingly, shortly after taking hallucinogens containing ingredients such as LSD, cannabis, mescaline, or psilocybin (Siegel & Jarvik, 1975). The images do not move with the eyes and sometimes are fixed i ...
The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing
... Beyond the optic chiasm the axons from nasal and temporal hemiretinas carrying input from one hemifield join in the optic tract, which extends to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. The lateral geniculate nucleus in primates consists of six layers, each of which receives input from eithe ...
... Beyond the optic chiasm the axons from nasal and temporal hemiretinas carrying input from one hemifield join in the optic tract, which extends to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. The lateral geniculate nucleus in primates consists of six layers, each of which receives input from eithe ...
Visual Fields
... the spot of light when it is shown in the blind spot. If they can see it, they must have moved their eye. Thus, the analyzer records every time a stimuli is shown in the blind spot and seen by the patient as a fixation loss.11 Two other important measures of reliability are false positives and fals ...
... the spot of light when it is shown in the blind spot. If they can see it, they must have moved their eye. Thus, the analyzer records every time a stimuli is shown in the blind spot and seen by the patient as a fixation loss.11 Two other important measures of reliability are false positives and fals ...
Transcripts/2_4 1
... accessory optic system) can mediate some reflexive behaviors. Sometimes if you do it right, people can do some very simple visually guided tasks like say when they think a light is flashing, but it is in the absence of conscious perception. c. The bottom line is: if you take out the LGN-cortical sys ...
... accessory optic system) can mediate some reflexive behaviors. Sometimes if you do it right, people can do some very simple visually guided tasks like say when they think a light is flashing, but it is in the absence of conscious perception. c. The bottom line is: if you take out the LGN-cortical sys ...
Computational modeling of responses in human visual
... questions of interest to each field. The approach in vision science differs substantially from that taken in most other fields. Most disciplines use neuroimaging designs based on between-group or between-condition comparisons; the primary aim in these experiments is to find statistically significant ...
... questions of interest to each field. The approach in vision science differs substantially from that taken in most other fields. Most disciplines use neuroimaging designs based on between-group or between-condition comparisons; the primary aim in these experiments is to find statistically significant ...
David Hunter Hubel. 27 February 1926 — 22 September 2013
... receptive fields. Ed Evarts at the NIH perfected a complete system for use in awake monkeys that became the standard in the field. David never lost interest in this early work; his visits to Ed’s NIH laboratory years later quickly moved to an animated comparison of recording devices between the fath ...
... receptive fields. Ed Evarts at the NIH perfected a complete system for use in awake monkeys that became the standard in the field. David never lost interest in this early work; his visits to Ed’s NIH laboratory years later quickly moved to an animated comparison of recording devices between the fath ...
Implications on visual apperception: energy, duration
... It is well known that the activities of the primary visual cortex (V1) and higher visual areas (such as V2, V3, V4/V8/VO, V5/M5/MST, IT, and GF) are linked to the visual apperception (normal conscious visual experiences and conscious functions such as detection, discrimination, and recognition) of v ...
... It is well known that the activities of the primary visual cortex (V1) and higher visual areas (such as V2, V3, V4/V8/VO, V5/M5/MST, IT, and GF) are linked to the visual apperception (normal conscious visual experiences and conscious functions such as detection, discrimination, and recognition) of v ...
Visual Communication: Images with Messages
... These findings strongly suggest that when early life neglect is characterized by decreased sensory input (e.g., relative poverty of words, touch and social interactions) there will be a similar effect on human brain growth as in other mammalian species. The human cortex grows in size, develops compl ...
... These findings strongly suggest that when early life neglect is characterized by decreased sensory input (e.g., relative poverty of words, touch and social interactions) there will be a similar effect on human brain growth as in other mammalian species. The human cortex grows in size, develops compl ...
Selective visual attention and perceptual coherence
... participating region of visual cortex contributes domainspecific information as part of a distributed perceptual representation. Once a given coherence field is established, we propose that voluntary attention shifts are initiated by transient switch signals that ‘reset’ or ‘nudge’ the brain out of ...
... participating region of visual cortex contributes domainspecific information as part of a distributed perceptual representation. Once a given coherence field is established, we propose that voluntary attention shifts are initiated by transient switch signals that ‘reset’ or ‘nudge’ the brain out of ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
... required to stimulate immediate action, either towards stimuli of interest (e.g. prey) or away from perilous stimuli (e.g. large looming things). The SC mediates these two fast responses through access to different motor output channels [4,5]. Unlike other parts of the visual orienting network (see ...
... required to stimulate immediate action, either towards stimuli of interest (e.g. prey) or away from perilous stimuli (e.g. large looming things). The SC mediates these two fast responses through access to different motor output channels [4,5]. Unlike other parts of the visual orienting network (see ...
The role of early visual cortex in visual integration: a neural model of
... the number of distractors. This suggests a parallel and ‘preattentive’ mechanism that can be implemented by the early retinotopic visual areas. On the other hand, when both target and distractors are composed of similar elementary features, the amount of time required to distinguish between them inc ...
... the number of distractors. This suggests a parallel and ‘preattentive’ mechanism that can be implemented by the early retinotopic visual areas. On the other hand, when both target and distractors are composed of similar elementary features, the amount of time required to distinguish between them inc ...
Some Analogies Between Visual Cortical and Genetic Maps
... are replicas of an ancient gene for a receptor protein. 31 The genes for the red and green receptor proteins are located adjacent to each other on the X chromosome and have a 96% sequence homology.32 Many individuals have up to three slightly different versions of the gene for the green receptor pro ...
... are replicas of an ancient gene for a receptor protein. 31 The genes for the red and green receptor proteins are located adjacent to each other on the X chromosome and have a 96% sequence homology.32 Many individuals have up to three slightly different versions of the gene for the green receptor pro ...
Visuospatial processing and the right
... of an ‘‘interpreter’’ that elaborates upon perceptual information to create a ‘‘story’’ or schema (e.g., Gazzaniga, 2000). He has further suggested that the mechanism responsible for this elaboration is lateralized to the left hemisphere. Although the left hemisphere seems driven to interpret events ...
... of an ‘‘interpreter’’ that elaborates upon perceptual information to create a ‘‘story’’ or schema (e.g., Gazzaniga, 2000). He has further suggested that the mechanism responsible for this elaboration is lateralized to the left hemisphere. Although the left hemisphere seems driven to interpret events ...
Cortical Functions Reference
... Brodmann areas were originally defined and numbered by the German anatomist Korbinian Brodmann based on the cytoarchitectural organization of neurons he observed in the cerebral cortex. Brodmann published his maps of cortical areas in 1909. From the beginning it was assumed that different structures ...
... Brodmann areas were originally defined and numbered by the German anatomist Korbinian Brodmann based on the cytoarchitectural organization of neurons he observed in the cerebral cortex. Brodmann published his maps of cortical areas in 1909. From the beginning it was assumed that different structures ...
Specialization within the ventral stream: The case for the visual word
... Importantly, such overlap between activations to words, objects and faces does not preclude studying the functional contribution of inferior temporal cortex to reading per se. The issue of the nature of the contribution of a given cortical sector to reading (e.g. Is it case-independent? Is it locati ...
... Importantly, such overlap between activations to words, objects and faces does not preclude studying the functional contribution of inferior temporal cortex to reading per se. The issue of the nature of the contribution of a given cortical sector to reading (e.g. Is it case-independent? Is it locati ...
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
... Understanding how the cerebral cortex processes information is a major aim of neurobiology today, with important implications for disciplines ranging from psychiatry to the designing of living machines. Numerous investigative techniques at different levels are used to this end, including functional ...
... Understanding how the cerebral cortex processes information is a major aim of neurobiology today, with important implications for disciplines ranging from psychiatry to the designing of living machines. Numerous investigative techniques at different levels are used to this end, including functional ...
BETA ACTIVITY: A CARRIER FOR VISUAL ATTENTION
... by the assumption that visual processing organizes cortical activity into specific spatial pattern replacing the global synchronization present during idle state. This hypothesis will be discussed below together with supporting data from our cat experiments. The increased beta activity in the cortic ...
... by the assumption that visual processing organizes cortical activity into specific spatial pattern replacing the global synchronization present during idle state. This hypothesis will be discussed below together with supporting data from our cat experiments. The increased beta activity in the cortic ...
Negative BOLD in Sensory Cortices During
... Abstract People tend to close their eyes when trying to retrieve an event or a visual image from memory. However the brain mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Recently, we showed that during visual mental imagery, auditory areas show a much more robust deactivation than durin ...
... Abstract People tend to close their eyes when trying to retrieve an event or a visual image from memory. However the brain mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Recently, we showed that during visual mental imagery, auditory areas show a much more robust deactivation than durin ...
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... including hallucination circle (HCC), hallucination fan (HCF), retinotopy circle (RTC) and retinotopy cross (RTX) were used towards registering their impact in the aforementioned visual related areas. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of difference between induced ac ...
... including hallucination circle (HCC), hallucination fan (HCF), retinotopy circle (RTC) and retinotopy cross (RTX) were used towards registering their impact in the aforementioned visual related areas. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of difference between induced ac ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
Feedforward, horizontal, and feedback processing
... surface of the figure (Figure 1a–c). After a large extrastriate lesion (Figure 1d), only the response enhancement for the boundary between figure and ground remained. It is as if V1 can establish the detection of texture boundaries on its own (see also [36]), whereas the ‘filling in’ between these b ...
... surface of the figure (Figure 1a–c). After a large extrastriate lesion (Figure 1d), only the response enhancement for the boundary between figure and ground remained. It is as if V1 can establish the detection of texture boundaries on its own (see also [36]), whereas the ‘filling in’ between these b ...
Attention maps in the brain - Site BU
... Over 20 distinct cerebral cortical areas contain spatial map representations of the visual field. These retinotopic, or visuotopic, cortical areas occur not only in the occipital lobe but also in the parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes. The cognitive influences of visuospatial attention operate vi ...
... Over 20 distinct cerebral cortical areas contain spatial map representations of the visual field. These retinotopic, or visuotopic, cortical areas occur not only in the occipital lobe but also in the parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes. The cognitive influences of visuospatial attention operate vi ...
Visual memory
Visual memory describes the relationship between perceptual processing and the encoding, storage and retrieval of the resulting neural representations. Visual memory occurs over a broad time range spanning from eye movements to years in order to visually navigate to a previously visited location. Visual memory is a form of memory which preserves some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience. We are able to place in memory visual information which resembles objects, places, animals or people in a mental image. The experience of visual memory is also referred to as the mind's eye through which we can retrieve from our memory a mental image of original objects, places, animals or people. Visual memory is one of several cognitive systems, which are all interconnected parts that combine to form the human memory. Types of palinopsia, the persistence or recurrence of a visual image after the stimulus has been removed, is a dysfunction of visual memory.