Ma et al 2009 - HKUST Institutional Repository
... transient in real time, via the PIM review software. To estimate the fold Ca2+ rise of each Ca2+ transient, the PIM review software was used to determine the relative photon intensity (photons/pixel) of a cell or group of cells during a particular Ca2+ transient, as well as from the same cell or cel ...
... transient in real time, via the PIM review software. To estimate the fold Ca2+ rise of each Ca2+ transient, the PIM review software was used to determine the relative photon intensity (photons/pixel) of a cell or group of cells during a particular Ca2+ transient, as well as from the same cell or cel ...
The EGF-CFC Protein One-Eyed Pinhead Is Essential for
... to double mutants for sqt and cyc, two zebrafish nodalrelated genes (Figure 1F). Mutant embryos display severe defects not seen in Zoep mutants, including lack of the notochord, pronephros, and blood. A variable number of somites that form in the tail region are the only nonectodermal structures det ...
... to double mutants for sqt and cyc, two zebrafish nodalrelated genes (Figure 1F). Mutant embryos display severe defects not seen in Zoep mutants, including lack of the notochord, pronephros, and blood. A variable number of somites that form in the tail region are the only nonectodermal structures det ...
Evaluation of computational metabolic
... (1) Reactions are the bridges between enzymes and pathways, in the sense that our pathway ontology (Karp and Paley, 1994) directly links a reaction to the pathways that contain it; once we know what reaction an enzyme catalyzes, it is trivial to retrieve the pathways containing that reaction. (2) En ...
... (1) Reactions are the bridges between enzymes and pathways, in the sense that our pathway ontology (Karp and Paley, 1994) directly links a reaction to the pathways that contain it; once we know what reaction an enzyme catalyzes, it is trivial to retrieve the pathways containing that reaction. (2) En ...
The Nodal Pathway Acts Upstream of Hedgehog
... of the ventral and dorsal diencephalon have different origins, with prospective hypothalamic cells moving from more posterior regions to the medial anterior neural plate (Varga et al., 1999; K. Woo, J. Shih, and S. Fraser, personal communication). Some aspects of DV patterning of the CNS are conserv ...
... of the ventral and dorsal diencephalon have different origins, with prospective hypothalamic cells moving from more posterior regions to the medial anterior neural plate (Varga et al., 1999; K. Woo, J. Shih, and S. Fraser, personal communication). Some aspects of DV patterning of the CNS are conserv ...
Changes in retinoic acid signaling alter otic patterning
... Otic defects generated by changes in RA signaling are considered mostly secondary consequences due to changes in Fgf signaling, because hindbrain patterning is disturbed in RA gain- and loss-offunction studies. In embryos with no RA signaling, such as mouse Aldh1a2 mutants, expression of Fgf3, which ...
... Otic defects generated by changes in RA signaling are considered mostly secondary consequences due to changes in Fgf signaling, because hindbrain patterning is disturbed in RA gain- and loss-offunction studies. In embryos with no RA signaling, such as mouse Aldh1a2 mutants, expression of Fgf3, which ...
The roles of the Drosophila JAK/STAT pathway
... addition to roles during larval hematopoiesis reminiscent of the requirement for this pathway in mammalian systems, the JAK/STAT pathway in Drosophila is also involved in a number of other developmental events. Recent data has demonstrated further roles for the JAK/STAT pathway in the establishment ...
... addition to roles during larval hematopoiesis reminiscent of the requirement for this pathway in mammalian systems, the JAK/STAT pathway in Drosophila is also involved in a number of other developmental events. Recent data has demonstrated further roles for the JAK/STAT pathway in the establishment ...
Glycolytic strategy as a tradeoff between energy yield and protein cost
... known as “lower glycolysis.” In the EMP pathway, glucose is phosphorylated twice and cleaved into two triose-phosphates (G3P and dihydroxyacetone phosphate), both of which are used to produce ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation in lower glycolysis (2, 7) (Fig. 1B). In the ED pathway, glucose ...
... known as “lower glycolysis.” In the EMP pathway, glucose is phosphorylated twice and cleaved into two triose-phosphates (G3P and dihydroxyacetone phosphate), both of which are used to produce ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation in lower glycolysis (2, 7) (Fig. 1B). In the ED pathway, glucose ...
Dickkopf1 Is Required for Embryonic Head Induction
... them, sFRP (Leyns et al., 1997; Rattner et al., 1997; Wang et al., 1997), WIF (Hsieh et al., 1999), and Cerberus (Glinka et al., 1997; Piccolo et al., 1999) are related to the extracellular domains of Fz receptors (Moon et al., 1997b; Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). Cerberus is a multifunctional inhibitor ...
... them, sFRP (Leyns et al., 1997; Rattner et al., 1997; Wang et al., 1997), WIF (Hsieh et al., 1999), and Cerberus (Glinka et al., 1997; Piccolo et al., 1999) are related to the extracellular domains of Fz receptors (Moon et al., 1997b; Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). Cerberus is a multifunctional inhibitor ...
Testing hypotheses for the functions of APC family
... signaling, it did not substantially alter cell viability, cadherin-based adhesion, spindle morphology, orientation or selection of division plane, as predicted from previous studies. We also tested the hypothesis that truncated APC proteins found in tumors are dominant negative. Two mutant proteins ...
... signaling, it did not substantially alter cell viability, cadherin-based adhesion, spindle morphology, orientation or selection of division plane, as predicted from previous studies. We also tested the hypothesis that truncated APC proteins found in tumors are dominant negative. Two mutant proteins ...
Genetic Control of Cell Chemistry Using Serratia marcescens
... different genes contained within it's genome which control this through cell chemistry. Different alleles for specific genes are expressed by different organisms and can sometimes be interpreted from physical, identifiable characteristics. If mutations are incorporated into the genome of a cell or o ...
... different genes contained within it's genome which control this through cell chemistry. Different alleles for specific genes are expressed by different organisms and can sometimes be interpreted from physical, identifiable characteristics. If mutations are incorporated into the genome of a cell or o ...
Differential recruitment of Dishevelled provides signaling specificity
... homolog of b-catenin), destabilizing the cytoplasmic form of the protein. In the presence of Wg, the receptor acts through Dsh to antagonize Zw3 activity, and Arm is stabilized, resulting in its interaction with Pangolin (Pan, a TCF/Lef1-type transcription factor), forming a stable transcriptional r ...
... homolog of b-catenin), destabilizing the cytoplasmic form of the protein. In the presence of Wg, the receptor acts through Dsh to antagonize Zw3 activity, and Arm is stabilized, resulting in its interaction with Pangolin (Pan, a TCF/Lef1-type transcription factor), forming a stable transcriptional r ...
Zinc Ions and Cation Diffusion Facilitator Proteins
... tyrosine kinase (RTK), such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (Cantley et al., 1991; Dickson and Hafen, 1994; Marshall, 1994). Ligand binding stimulates receptor autophosphorylation and creates docking sites for a complex of a phosphotyrosine binding protein, such as GRB2/SEM-5, and a Ras guan ...
... tyrosine kinase (RTK), such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (Cantley et al., 1991; Dickson and Hafen, 1994; Marshall, 1994). Ligand binding stimulates receptor autophosphorylation and creates docking sites for a complex of a phosphotyrosine binding protein, such as GRB2/SEM-5, and a Ras guan ...
shows altered stratification and cell polarity
... 183600) consists in the absence of the distal portion of the central rays of upper and lower limbs, resulting in a deep medial cleft, missing or hypoplastic central fingers and fusion of the lateral ones (reviewed in 1,2). SHFM comprises both syndromic or isolated forms, linked to six loci (3–5). The ...
... 183600) consists in the absence of the distal portion of the central rays of upper and lower limbs, resulting in a deep medial cleft, missing or hypoplastic central fingers and fusion of the lateral ones (reviewed in 1,2). SHFM comprises both syndromic or isolated forms, linked to six loci (3–5). The ...
Endogenous Cerberus activity is required for anterior head
... relative levels of the signaling molecules BMP4, Xnr1 and ...
... relative levels of the signaling molecules BMP4, Xnr1 and ...
Vitamin A-retinoid signaling in pulmonary development and disease
... induction of Wnt pathway and inhibits Tgf-beta signaling to de-repress Fgf10 expression. Thus, RA coordinately controls proper Fgf10 levels to activate Fgf signaling to the foregut endoderm and form the lung primordium. RA regulation of Tgf-beta effects in endoderm has also been suggested. b During ...
... induction of Wnt pathway and inhibits Tgf-beta signaling to de-repress Fgf10 expression. Thus, RA coordinately controls proper Fgf10 levels to activate Fgf signaling to the foregut endoderm and form the lung primordium. RA regulation of Tgf-beta effects in endoderm has also been suggested. b During ...
XTalkDB: a database of signaling pathway crosstalk
... ii) We searched PubMed for publications that may provide evidence for crosstalk between two pathways using a structured query. We formatted these queries as follows: ‘A AND B AND crosstalk’ or ‘A AND B AND pathway’ Occasionally, we modified these queries by using synonyms for pathway names or by inc ...
... ii) We searched PubMed for publications that may provide evidence for crosstalk between two pathways using a structured query. We formatted these queries as follows: ‘A AND B AND crosstalk’ or ‘A AND B AND pathway’ Occasionally, we modified these queries by using synonyms for pathway names or by inc ...
Pathway Analysis using Partek Genomics Suite® 6.6 and Partek
... For each factor in the data a separate score is calculated. This is derived from the negative log (base 10) of the average p-value for genes within the pathway for each factor, respectively. A high score indicates that the genes which fall into the pathway have a low p-value for the given factor (i. ...
... For each factor in the data a separate score is calculated. This is derived from the negative log (base 10) of the average p-value for genes within the pathway for each factor, respectively. A high score indicates that the genes which fall into the pathway have a low p-value for the given factor (i. ...
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... Chondrocyte hypertrophy is an essential process required for endochondral bone formation. Proper regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy is also required in postnatal cartilage homeostasis. Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and PTHrP signaling play crucial roles in regulating the onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy ...
... Chondrocyte hypertrophy is an essential process required for endochondral bone formation. Proper regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy is also required in postnatal cartilage homeostasis. Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and PTHrP signaling play crucial roles in regulating the onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy ...
Wnt Signaling and an APC-Related Gene Specify Endoderm in
... P 2 induces both endoderm formation and the a–p polarity of the EMS blastomeres; we refer to this induction as P2 -EMS signaling. Previous studies suggested that P 2-EMS signaling may induce the E fate by lowering the amount or activity of POP-1 protein in the E blastomere (Lin et al., 1995). In a w ...
... P 2 induces both endoderm formation and the a–p polarity of the EMS blastomeres; we refer to this induction as P2 -EMS signaling. Previous studies suggested that P 2-EMS signaling may induce the E fate by lowering the amount or activity of POP-1 protein in the E blastomere (Lin et al., 1995). In a w ...
Phox2b and Midkine/Alk signaling in the control of sympathetic
... Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and arises from cells of the developing sympathoadrenal lineage. Mutations in PHOX2B and ALK genes have been observed in familial and sporadic forms of NB and represent the first defined genetic predisposition for neuroblast ...
... Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and arises from cells of the developing sympathoadrenal lineage. Mutations in PHOX2B and ALK genes have been observed in familial and sporadic forms of NB and represent the first defined genetic predisposition for neuroblast ...
Cross talk between signaling pathways in pathogen defense
... of SA insensitivity2 (ssi2) and coi1, has provided genetic evidence that JA signaling also negatively regulates the expression of SA-mediated defenses in A. thaliana [46••–48••]. In addition to exhibiting impaired JA signaling, mpk4 and ssi2 plants constitutively express SA-mediated defenses and exh ...
... of SA insensitivity2 (ssi2) and coi1, has provided genetic evidence that JA signaling also negatively regulates the expression of SA-mediated defenses in A. thaliana [46••–48••]. In addition to exhibiting impaired JA signaling, mpk4 and ssi2 plants constitutively express SA-mediated defenses and exh ...
Cooperative and independent functions of FGF and Wnt signaling
... Consistent with a role of Wnt signaling in otic fate decisions, otic vesicles are reduced in size when Wnt signaling is inhibited [14, 15, 21, 22]. Early ectopic activation of Wnt signaling results in the formation of enlarged or supernumerary otic vesicles due to posteriorization of the embryo lead ...
... Consistent with a role of Wnt signaling in otic fate decisions, otic vesicles are reduced in size when Wnt signaling is inhibited [14, 15, 21, 22]. Early ectopic activation of Wnt signaling results in the formation of enlarged or supernumerary otic vesicles due to posteriorization of the embryo lead ...
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... Thus, Wnt signaling is required for the induction of posterior structures. β-Catenin-dependent Wnt signal transduction is a multi-step process that consists of several molecular components. It is initiated by secreted Wnt glycoproteins that bind to transmembrane Frizzled receptors (Angers and Moon, ...
... Thus, Wnt signaling is required for the induction of posterior structures. β-Catenin-dependent Wnt signal transduction is a multi-step process that consists of several molecular components. It is initiated by secreted Wnt glycoproteins that bind to transmembrane Frizzled receptors (Angers and Moon, ...
Hormones and Signal Transduction III
... RAS RAS is a Family of Related Proteins Each is Monomeric and like the α-subunit of G-Proteins RAS Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides RAS Swaps GDP for GTP on Activation RAS Slowly Cleaves GTP to GDP ...
... RAS RAS is a Family of Related Proteins Each is Monomeric and like the α-subunit of G-Proteins RAS Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides RAS Swaps GDP for GTP on Activation RAS Slowly Cleaves GTP to GDP ...
2. Ischemic heart disease and limited cardiac regeneration
... between the Hippo pathway with the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway was discovered, since it appeared that nuclear unphosphorylated YAP formed a complex with β-catenin. Moreover, reducing levels of β-catenin diminishes the enlargement of the heart upon cardiac knockout of SAV (Heallen et al., 2011). T ...
... between the Hippo pathway with the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway was discovered, since it appeared that nuclear unphosphorylated YAP formed a complex with β-catenin. Moreover, reducing levels of β-catenin diminishes the enlargement of the heart upon cardiac knockout of SAV (Heallen et al., 2011). T ...
Wnt signaling pathway
The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals from outside of a cell through cell surface receptors to the inside of the cell. Three Wnt signaling pathways have been characterized: the canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway. All three Wnt signaling pathways are activated by the binding of a Wnt-protein ligand to a Frizzled family receptor, which passes the biological signal to the protein Dishevelled inside the cell. The canonical Wnt pathway leads to regulation of gene transcription, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway regulates the cytoskeleton that is responsible for the shape of the cell, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway regulates calcium inside the cell. Wnt signaling pathways use either nearby cell-cell communication (paracrine) or same-cell communication (autocrine). They are highly evolutionarily conserved in animals, which means they are similar across many species of animal from fruit flies to humans.Wnt signaling was first identified for its role in carcinogenesis, but has since been recognized for its function in embryonic development. The embryonic processes it controls include body axis patterning, cell fate specification, cell proliferation, and cell migration. These processes are necessary for proper formation of important tissues including bone, heart, and muscle. Its role in embryonic development was discovered when genetic mutations in proteins in the Wnt pathway produced abnormal fruit fly embryos. Later research found that the genes responsible for these abnormalities also influenced breast cancer development in mice.The clinical importance of this pathway has been demonstrated by mutations that lead to a variety of diseases, including breast and prostate cancer, glioblastoma, type II diabetes, and others.