Introduction to super-resolution microscopy
... and investigate microorganisms, cells, tissues and organs in living conditions. With the aid of suitable fluorescent probes, microscopic images provide not only the structural information of the samples, but also a variety of information from the cellular environment, such as ion concentrations, memb ...
... and investigate microorganisms, cells, tissues and organs in living conditions. With the aid of suitable fluorescent probes, microscopic images provide not only the structural information of the samples, but also a variety of information from the cellular environment, such as ion concentrations, memb ...
Determination of the transfer function for optical surface topography
... so-called weak object transfer function (WOTF) is sometimes possible in a partially coherent system if scattering from the object can be considered weak [34]; however, this will not be discussed further here for the sake of brevity. Studies of OTFs were perhaps first initiated by Dändlinker and Wei ...
... so-called weak object transfer function (WOTF) is sometimes possible in a partially coherent system if scattering from the object can be considered weak [34]; however, this will not be discussed further here for the sake of brevity. Studies of OTFs were perhaps first initiated by Dändlinker and Wei ...
Image reconstruction in diffuse optical tomography based on
... Near infrared (NIR) optical tomography is a non-invasive imaging modality in which the optical properties within a volume of interest can be reconstructed using measured transmission and reflectance NIR data. These calculated optical maps can then be used to derive functional and structural informat ...
... Near infrared (NIR) optical tomography is a non-invasive imaging modality in which the optical properties within a volume of interest can be reconstructed using measured transmission and reflectance NIR data. These calculated optical maps can then be used to derive functional and structural informat ...
Active imaging lens with real-time variable resolution and constant
... The proposed system has similarities with many existing ones. First, it shares some properties of a zoom system since it can increase the resolution in a given region by changing the magnification. However, it is also very different since it keeps the total field of view constant. Instead of increas ...
... The proposed system has similarities with many existing ones. First, it shares some properties of a zoom system since it can increase the resolution in a given region by changing the magnification. However, it is also very different since it keeps the total field of view constant. Instead of increas ...
MICROWAVE MANIPULATION OF COLD ATOMS
... stage). The Repumper beam (signal from P.D.) is turned off at 0.001 s (which is 1 ms before the end of the 10 s MOT stage. At 0.002 s, the Cooler beam (signal from P.D.) and the anti-Helmholtz coils (TTL signal) are turned off. At 0.003 s and 0.00385 s, the Helmholtz coils and the MW pules (TTL sign ...
... stage). The Repumper beam (signal from P.D.) is turned off at 0.001 s (which is 1 ms before the end of the 10 s MOT stage. At 0.002 s, the Cooler beam (signal from P.D.) and the anti-Helmholtz coils (TTL signal) are turned off. At 0.003 s and 0.00385 s, the Helmholtz coils and the MW pules (TTL sign ...
A guide to super-resolution fluorescence microscopy
... used. In practical terms this meant that only cellular structure and objects that were at least 200 to 350 nm apart could be resolved by light microscopy (see box for details). Much of the fundamental biology of the cell, however, occurs at the level of macro molecular complexes in the size range o ...
... used. In practical terms this meant that only cellular structure and objects that were at least 200 to 350 nm apart could be resolved by light microscopy (see box for details). Much of the fundamental biology of the cell, however, occurs at the level of macro molecular complexes in the size range o ...
Signal-to-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio of Full-Field Fourier
... (DFT). This concept implementation has been recently demonstrated as spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) [4,5] and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) [6]. It has been also demonstrated that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of this new parallel data acquisition approach is improved as compared with that of TD-OCT, wh ...
... (DFT). This concept implementation has been recently demonstrated as spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) [4,5] and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) [6]. It has been also demonstrated that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of this new parallel data acquisition approach is improved as compared with that of TD-OCT, wh ...
Confocal microscopy with a volume holographic filter
... The pinhole preceding the detector in a confocal microscope is a shift-variant optical element. On-axis in-focus point-source objects are imaged exactly inside the pinhole and give maximal intensity. An out-offocus object, even when it is on axis, is equivalent to an extended source on the input foc ...
... The pinhole preceding the detector in a confocal microscope is a shift-variant optical element. On-axis in-focus point-source objects are imaged exactly inside the pinhole and give maximal intensity. An out-offocus object, even when it is on axis, is equivalent to an extended source on the input foc ...
Phase microscopy and tomography
... non-invasive investigations of biological objects, drug studies, speciation of toxic substances, early diagnosis and further medical treatment. In this domain the phase measurement techniques can gain new valuable information. In technology of microoptics the accurate phase information is also a key ...
... non-invasive investigations of biological objects, drug studies, speciation of toxic substances, early diagnosis and further medical treatment. In this domain the phase measurement techniques can gain new valuable information. In technology of microoptics the accurate phase information is also a key ...
BASIC THEORY OF PARTIAL COHERENCE
... From (13) it is clear that the image mutual intensity is no longer of the same form as the object mutual intensity; i.e., the image of an incoherent object is not incoherent but is partially coherent. This result will be seen to have rather far-reaching implications in the problems of image formatio ...
... From (13) it is clear that the image mutual intensity is no longer of the same form as the object mutual intensity; i.e., the image of an incoherent object is not incoherent but is partially coherent. This result will be seen to have rather far-reaching implications in the problems of image formatio ...
Inverse scattering for frequency-scanned full-field
... and optical coherence microscopy3–5 (OCM) have been greatly extended by computed imaging and synthetic aperture techniques.6 Among the recently demonstrated advantages is the ability to resolve features in the sample that are outside the confocal region. Ultimately, a more quantitatively accurate an ...
... and optical coherence microscopy3–5 (OCM) have been greatly extended by computed imaging and synthetic aperture techniques.6 Among the recently demonstrated advantages is the ability to resolve features in the sample that are outside the confocal region. Ultimately, a more quantitatively accurate an ...
PDF
... micron-thick sample by producing 10 frames in less than 5 ms. For repetitive processes, one can use only xy-scanning, refocusing it at different depth step-by step. The speed of imaging depends on many additional factors, such as needed contrast (integration time), size of the scanned area, camera a ...
... micron-thick sample by producing 10 frames in less than 5 ms. For repetitive processes, one can use only xy-scanning, refocusing it at different depth step-by step. The speed of imaging depends on many additional factors, such as needed contrast (integration time), size of the scanned area, camera a ...
Development of Organic Imaging Device
... characteristics equivalent to that of three image sensors through this scheme is considered difficult. The fabrication of a stacked imaging device with high picture quality for broadcasting requires the stack of individual films, each with high wavelength selectivity for only one primary color. Orga ...
... characteristics equivalent to that of three image sensors through this scheme is considered difficult. The fabrication of a stacked imaging device with high picture quality for broadcasting requires the stack of individual films, each with high wavelength selectivity for only one primary color. Orga ...
Digital holography of total internal reflection
... holography offers a number of important advantages such as the ability to acquire images rapidly, the availability of both amplitude and phase information of the optical field, and versatility of the image processing techniques that can be applied to the complex field data. Indeed, digital holograph ...
... holography offers a number of important advantages such as the ability to acquire images rapidly, the availability of both amplitude and phase information of the optical field, and versatility of the image processing techniques that can be applied to the complex field data. Indeed, digital holograph ...
Technical Article
... In the decade since its introduction, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has proven to be an important modality for micrometer-scale imaging [1]. To date, virtually all systems built for clinical and biological use have employed a variable group delay reference arm to coherently gate backscattered l ...
... In the decade since its introduction, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has proven to be an important modality for micrometer-scale imaging [1]. To date, virtually all systems built for clinical and biological use have employed a variable group delay reference arm to coherently gate backscattered l ...
Cost-effective optical coherence tomography spectrometer based on
... Further improvement of the optical design and the TFBG fabrication process have potential to optimize the TFBG spectrometer towards smaller size and higher efficiency to achieve better optical performance and higher imaging speed. In the current setup the detection probe is the limiting component ra ...
... Further improvement of the optical design and the TFBG fabrication process have potential to optimize the TFBG spectrometer towards smaller size and higher efficiency to achieve better optical performance and higher imaging speed. In the current setup the detection probe is the limiting component ra ...
Adaptive optics enhanced simultaneous en-face
... volume of the sample under study. A broad band source is used for illumination, and therefore the two beams only produce an interference pattern when their optical paths differ by less than the coherence length of the source. This implies that the bandwidth of the source determines the depth resolut ...
... volume of the sample under study. A broad band source is used for illumination, and therefore the two beams only produce an interference pattern when their optical paths differ by less than the coherence length of the source. This implies that the bandwidth of the source determines the depth resolut ...
Sample Pages
... With fiber bundles, the diameter of the space required for the image relay is reduced significantly, leaving more space for other instrument channels. Other advantages of fiber-optic endoscopes include transmitting the image over long distances and observing around corners. An imaging fiber bundle t ...
... With fiber bundles, the diameter of the space required for the image relay is reduced significantly, leaving more space for other instrument channels. Other advantages of fiber-optic endoscopes include transmitting the image over long distances and observing around corners. An imaging fiber bundle t ...
Imaging scanning tunneling microscope
... The prospect of creating photonic devices based on surface plasmon propagation is attracting increasing attention.1–5 The motivation has been to create miniaturized optics that would enable higher bandwidth optical computing, all-optical interconnects for telecommunications, or even ‘‘nano-lasers.’’ ...
... The prospect of creating photonic devices based on surface plasmon propagation is attracting increasing attention.1–5 The motivation has been to create miniaturized optics that would enable higher bandwidth optical computing, all-optical interconnects for telecommunications, or even ‘‘nano-lasers.’’ ...
MAMMOGRAPHIC DETECTORS
... to form a photoconducting layer that directly converts the incident x-rays into charge carriers that drift towards the collecting electrodes under the influence of an applied electric field. The direct detection systems have advantages compared to the indirect systems. As discussed earlier, x-rays a ...
... to form a photoconducting layer that directly converts the incident x-rays into charge carriers that drift towards the collecting electrodes under the influence of an applied electric field. The direct detection systems have advantages compared to the indirect systems. As discussed earlier, x-rays a ...
Microscopy Overview
... For S = 0 the illumination is purely coherent, while for S → ∞ imaging becomes purely incoherent, thus corresponding to the Rayleigh criterion. (So S should really be called an incoherence parameter.) An important in-between case is when S = 1, when the apertures of objective and condenser are equal ...
... For S = 0 the illumination is purely coherent, while for S → ∞ imaging becomes purely incoherent, thus corresponding to the Rayleigh criterion. (So S should really be called an incoherence parameter.) An important in-between case is when S = 1, when the apertures of objective and condenser are equal ...
Resolution scaling in STED microscopy
... demonstration of resolutions down to a few tens of nanometers in STED (Stimulated Emission Depletion) microscopy has marked the advent of far-field optical nanoscopy [5-7]. A clutch of techniques that exploit the spectral properties of fluorophores, specifically a selected pair of dark and bright st ...
... demonstration of resolutions down to a few tens of nanometers in STED (Stimulated Emission Depletion) microscopy has marked the advent of far-field optical nanoscopy [5-7]. A clutch of techniques that exploit the spectral properties of fluorophores, specifically a selected pair of dark and bright st ...
Sub-mm Wave Imaging and Waveguiding
... 1.2 Terahertz Imaging and Non-Destructive Materials Evaluation (NDE) The two main types of THz imaging systems currently being used today are known as continuous-wave systems (CW), which can be either active or passive, and TimeDomain-Systems (TDS), which are active. These two types of systems illu ...
... 1.2 Terahertz Imaging and Non-Destructive Materials Evaluation (NDE) The two main types of THz imaging systems currently being used today are known as continuous-wave systems (CW), which can be either active or passive, and TimeDomain-Systems (TDS), which are active. These two types of systems illu ...
Overview
... -So, the index is a function of wavelength -Therefore, the amount of refraction is different -This effect is called chromatic dispersion ...
... -So, the index is a function of wavelength -Therefore, the amount of refraction is different -This effect is called chromatic dispersion ...
First Order Optics
... The camera obscura is the simplest form of an imaging system. It consists of a black box with a pinhole in one side. Light from an object placed outside of the box will propagate through the pinhole and form an inverted image on the wall. Here light can be thought of as a ray which travels from left ...
... The camera obscura is the simplest form of an imaging system. It consists of a black box with a pinhole in one side. Light from an object placed outside of the box will propagate through the pinhole and form an inverted image on the wall. Here light can be thought of as a ray which travels from left ...