ECOLOGY
... • Population: a particular species in an area • Community: a group of populations in an area • Ecosystem: a community plus its non-living (abiotic) environment • Biosphere: all regions of the planet inhabited by populations • Habitat: The place a population lives • Niche: the role of the population ...
... • Population: a particular species in an area • Community: a group of populations in an area • Ecosystem: a community plus its non-living (abiotic) environment • Biosphere: all regions of the planet inhabited by populations • Habitat: The place a population lives • Niche: the role of the population ...
Review
... o Because atmospheric N cannot be used directly by plants, it must first be converted into ammonia by bacteria. Ammonification: o Decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia. Nitrification: o Ammonia is converted to nitrate ions (NO3-). Assimilation: o Inorganic N is converted into organic molecu ...
... o Because atmospheric N cannot be used directly by plants, it must first be converted into ammonia by bacteria. Ammonification: o Decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia. Nitrification: o Ammonia is converted to nitrate ions (NO3-). Assimilation: o Inorganic N is converted into organic molecu ...
Biochemistry PowerPoint
... Enzymes are Catalysts Catalysts: substances that speed up chemical reactions without being affected by the reactions themselves. Enzyme: a protein that increases the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy. ...
... Enzymes are Catalysts Catalysts: substances that speed up chemical reactions without being affected by the reactions themselves. Enzyme: a protein that increases the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy. ...
Exercise 5
... Purpose: The process of respiration (the controlled combustion of glucose in order to gain useful energy for other metabolic processes) is a fairly complex sequence of individual chemical reaction, all mediated by enzymes. On page 768 of the text, figure 22.1 shows a schematic diagram of the various ...
... Purpose: The process of respiration (the controlled combustion of glucose in order to gain useful energy for other metabolic processes) is a fairly complex sequence of individual chemical reaction, all mediated by enzymes. On page 768 of the text, figure 22.1 shows a schematic diagram of the various ...
Energy is needed for cell activities: growth,reproduction, repair
... Pyruvic acid is converted into Acetyl coenzyme A, then in a complex series of reactions it is broken down and CO2 is released. Hydrogen ions and electrons are transferred to carrier molecules (NADH and FADH2). ...
... Pyruvic acid is converted into Acetyl coenzyme A, then in a complex series of reactions it is broken down and CO2 is released. Hydrogen ions and electrons are transferred to carrier molecules (NADH and FADH2). ...
Carbon Compounds in Cells
... – Glycogen: High branched used by animals to store energy in muscles and liver. • Is also converted to blood sugar when blood sugar drops ...
... – Glycogen: High branched used by animals to store energy in muscles and liver. • Is also converted to blood sugar when blood sugar drops ...
CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... 14. There are a variety of fairly common human genetic diseases in which enzymes required for the breakdown of fructose, lactose, or sucrose are defective. However, there are very few cases of people having a genetic disease in which one of the enzymes of glycolysis is severely affected. Why do you ...
... 14. There are a variety of fairly common human genetic diseases in which enzymes required for the breakdown of fructose, lactose, or sucrose are defective. However, there are very few cases of people having a genetic disease in which one of the enzymes of glycolysis is severely affected. Why do you ...
Chapter 7 Harvesting Energy Slides
... 4 Steps of Aerobic respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Oxidation of pyruvate 3. Kreb’s cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle) 4. Electron transport chain ...
... 4 Steps of Aerobic respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Oxidation of pyruvate 3. Kreb’s cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle) 4. Electron transport chain ...
Cellular Respiration
... FAD picks up electrons from broken bonds and forms FADH2. NAD+ accepts the electrons from broken bond and forms ...
... FAD picks up electrons from broken bonds and forms FADH2. NAD+ accepts the electrons from broken bond and forms ...
File ecosystem study guide 1
... biotic- Living or once living factors in an ecosystem producers – green plants that make their own food photosynthesis –process where green plants make their own food consumers – organisms that eat other organisms carnivores – consumers that eat only meat herbivore – consumers that eat only plants o ...
... biotic- Living or once living factors in an ecosystem producers – green plants that make their own food photosynthesis –process where green plants make their own food consumers – organisms that eat other organisms carnivores – consumers that eat only meat herbivore – consumers that eat only plants o ...
Carbon cycle
... Components of an ecosystem can be subdivided into the biotic (includes all living organisms) and abiotic components (includes water, carbon dioxide, various minerals, oxygen and continuous supply of energy from the sun). 2.5.1.1 Biotic components of an ecosystem Autotrophs produce their own food or ...
... Components of an ecosystem can be subdivided into the biotic (includes all living organisms) and abiotic components (includes water, carbon dioxide, various minerals, oxygen and continuous supply of energy from the sun). 2.5.1.1 Biotic components of an ecosystem Autotrophs produce their own food or ...
the krebs cycle by stef worrall
... by the removal of hydrogen atoms ,hydrogen atoms are taken up by hydrogen acceptor molecules e.g. NAD and another molecule FAD. (catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes) • Reduced NAD and Reduced FAD are oxidised in the electron transport chain: yielding energy to generate ATP from ADP • One molecule of ...
... by the removal of hydrogen atoms ,hydrogen atoms are taken up by hydrogen acceptor molecules e.g. NAD and another molecule FAD. (catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes) • Reduced NAD and Reduced FAD are oxidised in the electron transport chain: yielding energy to generate ATP from ADP • One molecule of ...
ppt - Castle High School
... • Organic compounds: carbon-containing compounds – Large covalently bonded molecules – Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids ...
... • Organic compounds: carbon-containing compounds – Large covalently bonded molecules – Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids ...
Using chlorophyll fluorescence to rapidly discriminate C3 from C4
... longitudinal veins in the leaves, with C 4 species characterised by small intervein spacing such that mesophyll cells are never more than one cell diameter distant from the bundle sheath [2]. This is useful if the standard intervein distance has been well characterised in a particular species, but i ...
... longitudinal veins in the leaves, with C 4 species characterised by small intervein spacing such that mesophyll cells are never more than one cell diameter distant from the bundle sheath [2]. This is useful if the standard intervein distance has been well characterised in a particular species, but i ...
UNIT 2: ECOLOGICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2C: CHEMISTRY OF
... 3. There are 2 major types of biological molecules that provide energy for organisms (carbohydrates and lipids). 4. Elements can cycle in various molecular forms through the biosphere. The carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and water cycles are examples essential to life. 5. Matter cycles through food chains ...
... 3. There are 2 major types of biological molecules that provide energy for organisms (carbohydrates and lipids). 4. Elements can cycle in various molecular forms through the biosphere. The carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and water cycles are examples essential to life. 5. Matter cycles through food chains ...
Slide 1
... composed of eukaryotic cells! In this unit we will discuss the systems in plants, specifically transport, reproduction, and response. ...
... composed of eukaryotic cells! In this unit we will discuss the systems in plants, specifically transport, reproduction, and response. ...
CHAPTERS 6 & 7
... – It is a cyclic series of reactions that builds sugar molecules (GLUCOSE) from CO2 and the products of the light reactions – During the Calvin cycle, CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds, a process called carbon fixation – This is the endergonic/biosynthetic part of the reaction that uses the ...
... – It is a cyclic series of reactions that builds sugar molecules (GLUCOSE) from CO2 and the products of the light reactions – During the Calvin cycle, CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds, a process called carbon fixation – This is the endergonic/biosynthetic part of the reaction that uses the ...
APBioReview
... Steps 1-5 is the light reaction. ATP and NADPH will be used in the dark reaction. Photophosphorylation is the term for making ATP from the movement of electron excited by light, as they move down the electron transport chain. Remember there is also Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosp ...
... Steps 1-5 is the light reaction. ATP and NADPH will be used in the dark reaction. Photophosphorylation is the term for making ATP from the movement of electron excited by light, as they move down the electron transport chain. Remember there is also Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosp ...
Living organisms need a constant input of energy
... pathways drive the synthetic ones, providing the ATP and NADP necessary for synthesis of the important molecules. An outside source of energy (e.g. light (plants), chemical energy (animals)) must flow through the cells of the organism for metabolism to occur. Energy cannot be created (or destroyed) ...
... pathways drive the synthetic ones, providing the ATP and NADP necessary for synthesis of the important molecules. An outside source of energy (e.g. light (plants), chemical energy (animals)) must flow through the cells of the organism for metabolism to occur. Energy cannot be created (or destroyed) ...
1 Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism 2
... Energy released from transfer of electrons (oxidation) of one compound to another (reduction) is used to generate ATP in the electron transport chain Photophosphorylation Light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons Energy released from transfer of electrons (oxidation) of chlorophyll through a sys ...
... Energy released from transfer of electrons (oxidation) of one compound to another (reduction) is used to generate ATP in the electron transport chain Photophosphorylation Light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons Energy released from transfer of electrons (oxidation) of chlorophyll through a sys ...
Nutrition in Plants
... present in the soil are absorbed by roots and transported to leaves through stems. Carbon dioxide from air is taken in through the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves called stomata. The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll. It helps leaves to capture the solar energy. This energy ...
... present in the soil are absorbed by roots and transported to leaves through stems. Carbon dioxide from air is taken in through the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves called stomata. The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll. It helps leaves to capture the solar energy. This energy ...
Oxidation-Reduction Processes in Natural Waters
... Photosynthesis by photoautotrophs is the ultimate origin of nearly all of the organic carbon and energy available in natural ecosystems. This is true even if there are chemoautotrophic bacteria present which grow by oxidizing inorganic chemicals (such as H2S) and assimilating inorganic C as a carbon ...
... Photosynthesis by photoautotrophs is the ultimate origin of nearly all of the organic carbon and energy available in natural ecosystems. This is true even if there are chemoautotrophic bacteria present which grow by oxidizing inorganic chemicals (such as H2S) and assimilating inorganic C as a carbon ...
Metabolism
... are proteins so are genetically encoded. Each organism undergoes metabolism in certain ways because they are limited by their DNA which determines their enzymes. Their enzymes determine the chemical reactions. Their chemical reactions determine their metabolism capabilities. There is a wide breadth ...
... are proteins so are genetically encoded. Each organism undergoes metabolism in certain ways because they are limited by their DNA which determines their enzymes. Their enzymes determine the chemical reactions. Their chemical reactions determine their metabolism capabilities. There is a wide breadth ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.