Problems
... 1. Which of the reactions of a metabolic pathway would you expect to be regulated? List all that apply: a. the 1st committed step of the pathway b. the last step of the pathway c. a highly spontaneous reaction d. a rate-limiting reaction e. a reaction in which [products]/[reactants] is close to Keq ...
... 1. Which of the reactions of a metabolic pathway would you expect to be regulated? List all that apply: a. the 1st committed step of the pathway b. the last step of the pathway c. a highly spontaneous reaction d. a rate-limiting reaction e. a reaction in which [products]/[reactants] is close to Keq ...
ap biology exam review guide
... through ATP synthase into the mitochondria matrix. Rush of ions “spins” ATP synthase protein, causing ADP and Pi to join forming ATP by oxidative phosphorylation 3. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 a. Photosynthetic organisms capture free energy present in sunlight and use water and carbon ...
... through ATP synthase into the mitochondria matrix. Rush of ions “spins” ATP synthase protein, causing ADP and Pi to join forming ATP by oxidative phosphorylation 3. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 a. Photosynthetic organisms capture free energy present in sunlight and use water and carbon ...
The citric acid cycle • Also known as the Kreb`s cycle
... • This enzyme is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (all other reactions are in the mitochondrial matrix) Also known as Complex II, which feeds e- directly into the electron transport chain (we will see in a bit) • Oxidation/reduction with formation of double bond • Formation of FADH2 (note ...
... • This enzyme is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (all other reactions are in the mitochondrial matrix) Also known as Complex II, which feeds e- directly into the electron transport chain (we will see in a bit) • Oxidation/reduction with formation of double bond • Formation of FADH2 (note ...
Plant Ecology - Chapter 8
... May actually be adaptation in windpollinated plants to reduce pollen limitations Many plants are pollen-limited, and increasing pollen densities increases pollination efficiency ...
... May actually be adaptation in windpollinated plants to reduce pollen limitations Many plants are pollen-limited, and increasing pollen densities increases pollination efficiency ...
electron transport chain
... is a specialized structure that is impermeable to most small ions, including H+, Na+, and K+, small molecules such as ATP, ADP, pyruvate, and other metabolites important to mitochondrial function (Figure 6.7). ...
... is a specialized structure that is impermeable to most small ions, including H+, Na+, and K+, small molecules such as ATP, ADP, pyruvate, and other metabolites important to mitochondrial function (Figure 6.7). ...
Honors Biology - gallagherbiology
... photosynthesis take place within the plant? (give plant structure, and oraganelle) ...
... photosynthesis take place within the plant? (give plant structure, and oraganelle) ...
Multiple Choice Enzymes and Resp Answers
... 1. Electrons are delivered to NADH dehydrogenase by NADH. 2. The electrons reduce a series of protein complexes in the inner membrane. 3. NADH dehydrogenase, Cytochrome b-c1 complex and cytochrome oxidase all pump H+ in to the intermembrane space, using the energy from the excited electrons. (2) 4. ...
... 1. Electrons are delivered to NADH dehydrogenase by NADH. 2. The electrons reduce a series of protein complexes in the inner membrane. 3. NADH dehydrogenase, Cytochrome b-c1 complex and cytochrome oxidase all pump H+ in to the intermembrane space, using the energy from the excited electrons. (2) 4. ...
ATPs and - Walton High
... FADH2 can not enter the ETC at the same point. It must enter at the 2nd protein/enzyme complex. Here it is oxidized to FAD+. Since it only passes through 2 protein/enzyme complexes, it can only move 4 H+ across the membrane. http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/etc/index.htm ...
... FADH2 can not enter the ETC at the same point. It must enter at the 2nd protein/enzyme complex. Here it is oxidized to FAD+. Since it only passes through 2 protein/enzyme complexes, it can only move 4 H+ across the membrane. http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/etc/index.htm ...
Document
... • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, F6P and GAP can be diverted from the glycolytic pathway for use in synthesis of R5P by the reversal of the transaldolase and transketolase reactions. • Flux through the pathway and thus the rate of NADPH production is controlled by rate of glucose-6-phosphate de ...
... • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, F6P and GAP can be diverted from the glycolytic pathway for use in synthesis of R5P by the reversal of the transaldolase and transketolase reactions. • Flux through the pathway and thus the rate of NADPH production is controlled by rate of glucose-6-phosphate de ...
2, The Glyoxylate Pathway
... • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, F6P and GAP can be diverted from the glycolytic pathway for use in synthesis of R5P by the reversal of the transaldolase and transketolase reactions. • Flux through the pathway and thus the rate of NADPH production is controlled by rate of glucose-6-phosphate de ...
... • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, F6P and GAP can be diverted from the glycolytic pathway for use in synthesis of R5P by the reversal of the transaldolase and transketolase reactions. • Flux through the pathway and thus the rate of NADPH production is controlled by rate of glucose-6-phosphate de ...
sugar
... • Light or solar energy is captured by chlorophyll (CHLOR-oh-phil), the green pigment in leaves. • It is then converted into chemical energy which is stored as starch or sugar. • Chemical energy is stored in roots, stems and fruits as starches and sugar. They are available to the plant as food or fu ...
... • Light or solar energy is captured by chlorophyll (CHLOR-oh-phil), the green pigment in leaves. • It is then converted into chemical energy which is stored as starch or sugar. • Chemical energy is stored in roots, stems and fruits as starches and sugar. They are available to the plant as food or fu ...
BTEC National Unit 1 Energy Systems KW version
... If the activity is short in duration (less than 10 seconds) and high intensity, we use the ATP-PC system If the activity is longer than 10 seconds and up to 3 minutes at high intensity, we use the lactic acid system If the activity is long in duration and submaximal pace, we use the aerobic sy ...
... If the activity is short in duration (less than 10 seconds) and high intensity, we use the ATP-PC system If the activity is longer than 10 seconds and up to 3 minutes at high intensity, we use the lactic acid system If the activity is long in duration and submaximal pace, we use the aerobic sy ...
9.1 Leaf Structure
... 9.1.1 Draw and label plan diagrams to show the distribution of tissues in the stem and leaf of a dicotyledonous plant. Either sunflower, bean or another dicotyledonous plant with similar tissue distribution should be used. ...
... 9.1.1 Draw and label plan diagrams to show the distribution of tissues in the stem and leaf of a dicotyledonous plant. Either sunflower, bean or another dicotyledonous plant with similar tissue distribution should be used. ...
A fish tank is an example of an aquaponics ecosystem. In an
... carbon dioxide is taken into the plant through small holes called stoma. This carbon dioxide is then converted into oxygen and released in a process called photosynthesis. Oxygen and carbon dioxide both play important roles in animal and plant health. In animals, oxygen is an essential component of ...
... carbon dioxide is taken into the plant through small holes called stoma. This carbon dioxide is then converted into oxygen and released in a process called photosynthesis. Oxygen and carbon dioxide both play important roles in animal and plant health. In animals, oxygen is an essential component of ...
Chemistry Lesson Plans #07 - Chemical Reactions
... o To be more precise, we use chemical equations to describe a chemical reaction. As with a word equation, we use an arrow to indicate a reaction, with the reactants on the left, separated by a + sign, and products on the right, also separated by a + sign. Take rust: Fe + O 2 → Fe 2 O3 Such an equati ...
... o To be more precise, we use chemical equations to describe a chemical reaction. As with a word equation, we use an arrow to indicate a reaction, with the reactants on the left, separated by a + sign, and products on the right, also separated by a + sign. Take rust: Fe + O 2 → Fe 2 O3 Such an equati ...
Metabolic Processes
... • Produce energy: exothermic • Break big molecules into smaller • Adding water to break covalent bonds (hydrolysis reactions) • Require enzymes ...
... • Produce energy: exothermic • Break big molecules into smaller • Adding water to break covalent bonds (hydrolysis reactions) • Require enzymes ...
powerpoint - Retno Mastuti
... All life requires nitrogen-compounds, e.g., proteins and nucleic acids. Air with 79% nitrogen gas (N2), is the major reservoir of nitrogen. But most organisms can not use nitrogen in this form. Plants must fulfill their nitrogen in "fixed" form, i.e., incorporated in compounds such as: nitrate ions ...
... All life requires nitrogen-compounds, e.g., proteins and nucleic acids. Air with 79% nitrogen gas (N2), is the major reservoir of nitrogen. But most organisms can not use nitrogen in this form. Plants must fulfill their nitrogen in "fixed" form, i.e., incorporated in compounds such as: nitrate ions ...
Garden Adventure
... and synthesis means “to make.” Plants need sunlight to survive, and light is an important form of energy. To get their nutrients, plants combine two major ingredients - water and carbon dioxide. These two ingredients produce sugar, a high-energy product that is required for growth. Plants contain ch ...
... and synthesis means “to make.” Plants need sunlight to survive, and light is an important form of energy. To get their nutrients, plants combine two major ingredients - water and carbon dioxide. These two ingredients produce sugar, a high-energy product that is required for growth. Plants contain ch ...
6.8-6.10 Citric acid cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation
... Further redox reactions generate FADH2 and more NADH. ...
... Further redox reactions generate FADH2 and more NADH. ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... a. In eukaryotes, both processes reside in specialized organelles. b. ATP synthesis in both processes relies on the chemiosmotic mechanism. c. Both use electron transport. d. Both require light. e. a, b, and c Answer: e Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemi ...
... a. In eukaryotes, both processes reside in specialized organelles. b. ATP synthesis in both processes relies on the chemiosmotic mechanism. c. Both use electron transport. d. Both require light. e. a, b, and c Answer: e Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemi ...
File
... Define paradigm and paradigm shift -know an example and take a stand (defend your opinion) o The modern paradigm views the Earth as a sustainable system provided that renewable resources are not used at a faster rate than they are replaced or recycled Define ecology Define ecosystem - be able to des ...
... Define paradigm and paradigm shift -know an example and take a stand (defend your opinion) o The modern paradigm views the Earth as a sustainable system provided that renewable resources are not used at a faster rate than they are replaced or recycled Define ecology Define ecosystem - be able to des ...
CO2 reduction to acetate in anaerobic bacteria
... Several groups of strictly anaerobic bacteria catalyze the reduction of 2 CO 2 to an acetyl moiety in their metabolism. A m o n g them are the homoacetogenic bacteria, which mediate the CO 2 reduction as a multifunctional pathway operative b o t h in energy metabolism and autotrophic cell carbon syn ...
... Several groups of strictly anaerobic bacteria catalyze the reduction of 2 CO 2 to an acetyl moiety in their metabolism. A m o n g them are the homoacetogenic bacteria, which mediate the CO 2 reduction as a multifunctional pathway operative b o t h in energy metabolism and autotrophic cell carbon syn ...
HG Expert Groups - North Kitsap School District
... Producers are at the beginning of every food web. As you know, all energy comes from the sun (light energy), and plants make food with that energy. Producers are organisms that convert carbon dioxide into sugars for their food through the process of photosynthesis. Plants also make other nutrients f ...
... Producers are at the beginning of every food web. As you know, all energy comes from the sun (light energy), and plants make food with that energy. Producers are organisms that convert carbon dioxide into sugars for their food through the process of photosynthesis. Plants also make other nutrients f ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.