APBioReview
... accompanied by a protein pumping mechanism that sets up an energy gradient consisting of hydrogen ions (protons) across the inner mitochondrial membrane. These are pumped from the inner mitochondrial matrix to the outer compartment. As they flow back through the molecule known as ATP Synthase, free ...
... accompanied by a protein pumping mechanism that sets up an energy gradient consisting of hydrogen ions (protons) across the inner mitochondrial membrane. These are pumped from the inner mitochondrial matrix to the outer compartment. As they flow back through the molecule known as ATP Synthase, free ...
PowerPoint
... growth of one organism depends on or is improved by growth factors, nutrients, or substrates provided by another organism growing nearby ...
... growth of one organism depends on or is improved by growth factors, nutrients, or substrates provided by another organism growing nearby ...
cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis Cardinalis Cardinalis cardinalis
... plants are autotrophs with cell walls made of cellulose? ...
... plants are autotrophs with cell walls made of cellulose? ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors, which produces a proton gradient Proton gradient used to drive synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis: ATP synthase allows H+ to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP. Ultimate acc ...
... Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors, which produces a proton gradient Proton gradient used to drive synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis: ATP synthase allows H+ to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP. Ultimate acc ...
Oxidation
... thylakoid membranes, where electrons follow a cyclic pathway, returning to the photosystem I reaction center. • The energy of this electron transport results in a H+ gradient formation, the energy source for ATP synthesis. ATP is formed from ADP and Pi, but NADP+ is not reduced. ...
... thylakoid membranes, where electrons follow a cyclic pathway, returning to the photosystem I reaction center. • The energy of this electron transport results in a H+ gradient formation, the energy source for ATP synthesis. ATP is formed from ADP and Pi, but NADP+ is not reduced. ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 7- Cfe Higher Human Biology
... Glycolysis consists of a series of enzyme-controlled steps. Those in the first half of the chain make up the energy investment phase where 2ATPs are needed to start the process off. Those in the 2nd half of the chain make up the energy payoff phase where 4ATPs are produced. By the time the original ...
... Glycolysis consists of a series of enzyme-controlled steps. Those in the first half of the chain make up the energy investment phase where 2ATPs are needed to start the process off. Those in the 2nd half of the chain make up the energy payoff phase where 4ATPs are produced. By the time the original ...
Taxonomy PPT
... • Genomics: the study of an organisms genes; used to classify a microorganisms. • Bio remediation: bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage. Bacteria also degrade or detoxify pollutants such as oil and mercury. • Genetic engineering: a new technique for biotechnology. Bacteria and fungi can produc ...
... • Genomics: the study of an organisms genes; used to classify a microorganisms. • Bio remediation: bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage. Bacteria also degrade or detoxify pollutants such as oil and mercury. • Genetic engineering: a new technique for biotechnology. Bacteria and fungi can produc ...
Fermentation and Cellular Respiration
... The third set of chemical reactions associated with cellular respiration involves enzymes that are bound to membranes. In the case of prokaryotic cells, these membranes are cell membranes, while within most eukaryotic cells, the membranes involved are the inner folded membranes or cristae of mitocho ...
... The third set of chemical reactions associated with cellular respiration involves enzymes that are bound to membranes. In the case of prokaryotic cells, these membranes are cell membranes, while within most eukaryotic cells, the membranes involved are the inner folded membranes or cristae of mitocho ...
Document
... • A patient with an aKG DH deficiency exhibits a small increase in [pyruvate] and a large increase in [lactate] so that the [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio is many times larger than normal. Explain. ...
... • A patient with an aKG DH deficiency exhibits a small increase in [pyruvate] and a large increase in [lactate] so that the [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio is many times larger than normal. Explain. ...
BIOCHEMISTRY
... the muscle tissue has no O2 to which NADH can pass electrons. To recycle NADH to NAD +, which is essential for continuing glycolysis, something must happen (as painful as it might be –hint… hint). Illustrate with a chemical reaction what happens at this point. ...
... the muscle tissue has no O2 to which NADH can pass electrons. To recycle NADH to NAD +, which is essential for continuing glycolysis, something must happen (as painful as it might be –hint… hint). Illustrate with a chemical reaction what happens at this point. ...
ECOLOGY
... Photic zone – shallow enough for sun to penetrate Aphotic zone – deeper water that doesn’t receive sunlight ...
... Photic zone – shallow enough for sun to penetrate Aphotic zone – deeper water that doesn’t receive sunlight ...
Name - Humble ISD
... is the same shape as the energy and biomass pyramids – meaning that there are usually more organisms at the lower levels; however, that is not always the case. Ex. In a forest – there are fewer producers than consumers…. A single tree has a large amount of energy & biomass, but it is only 1 organism ...
... is the same shape as the energy and biomass pyramids – meaning that there are usually more organisms at the lower levels; however, that is not always the case. Ex. In a forest – there are fewer producers than consumers…. A single tree has a large amount of energy & biomass, but it is only 1 organism ...
Study Guide for Chapter 3
... * take notes and make drawings in your notebook 3. Meet the following objectives: *Write them all out in your spiral bound science notebook Describe and draw the structure of a water molecule Explain how water’s polarity affects it’s ability to dissolve substances List 2 of water’s properties ...
... * take notes and make drawings in your notebook 3. Meet the following objectives: *Write them all out in your spiral bound science notebook Describe and draw the structure of a water molecule Explain how water’s polarity affects it’s ability to dissolve substances List 2 of water’s properties ...
Ecology - Cloudfront.net
... Nitrogen cycleOnly in certain bacteria and industrial technologies can fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation-convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids. ...
... Nitrogen cycleOnly in certain bacteria and industrial technologies can fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation-convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids. ...
TAKS Objective 3
... • analyze the flow of matter and energy through different trophic levels and between organisms and the physical environment • investigate and explain the interactions in an ecosystem including food chains, food webs, and food pyramids ...
... • analyze the flow of matter and energy through different trophic levels and between organisms and the physical environment • investigate and explain the interactions in an ecosystem including food chains, food webs, and food pyramids ...
File
... Population-a group of organisms of one species living in the same place at the same time that interbreed and compete with each other for resources (ex. food, mates, shelter) ...
... Population-a group of organisms of one species living in the same place at the same time that interbreed and compete with each other for resources (ex. food, mates, shelter) ...
The Bacteria
... Facultative anaerobes are able to grow in either the presence or absence of gaseous O2. Aerobic organisms (Obligate aerobes) - including animals and most prokaryotes) require a constant supply of O2 to carry out cellular respiration. ...
... Facultative anaerobes are able to grow in either the presence or absence of gaseous O2. Aerobic organisms (Obligate aerobes) - including animals and most prokaryotes) require a constant supply of O2 to carry out cellular respiration. ...
Ecology Pre-Test on Part A
... A. biosphere, ecosystem, community B. biosphere, community, ecosystem C. community, ecosystem, biosphere D. ecosystem, biosphere, community 27. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that A. both species modify their needs and use some substi ...
... A. biosphere, ecosystem, community B. biosphere, community, ecosystem C. community, ecosystem, biosphere D. ecosystem, biosphere, community 27. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that A. both species modify their needs and use some substi ...
Fermentation
... from the condensation of 2 pyruvate. The use of the pathway decreases acid formation (butanediol is neutral) and causes the formation of a distinctive intermediate, acetoin. • Specific tests to detect low acid and acetoin in order to distinguish non fecal enteric bacteria (butanediol formers, such a ...
... from the condensation of 2 pyruvate. The use of the pathway decreases acid formation (butanediol is neutral) and causes the formation of a distinctive intermediate, acetoin. • Specific tests to detect low acid and acetoin in order to distinguish non fecal enteric bacteria (butanediol formers, such a ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)