COURSE NTRODUCTION
... Most food preservation techniques used by food processors are based on factors that affect the growth of bacteria. Nutrients, temperature, water activity, pH, chemical inhibitors, and atmosphere can all be used to control bacterial growth. Bacteria, like any living organism, require food and water t ...
... Most food preservation techniques used by food processors are based on factors that affect the growth of bacteria. Nutrients, temperature, water activity, pH, chemical inhibitors, and atmosphere can all be used to control bacterial growth. Bacteria, like any living organism, require food and water t ...
2010 Protein Metabolism I
... NH3 satisfies the N requirement Cross feeding can supply amino acids • Pure cultures Fiber digesters require NH3 Starch digesters require NH3 and amino acids Peptides can be taken up by cells Branched-chain fatty acids • Required by major rumen cellulolytic bacteria Energy from fermentation • Need e ...
... NH3 satisfies the N requirement Cross feeding can supply amino acids • Pure cultures Fiber digesters require NH3 Starch digesters require NH3 and amino acids Peptides can be taken up by cells Branched-chain fatty acids • Required by major rumen cellulolytic bacteria Energy from fermentation • Need e ...
B4 The Processes of Life
... up of long chains of amino acids. Cells make enzymes according to the instructions carried in their genes. The enzyme’s shape helps another molecule “fit” into it: Enzyme ...
... up of long chains of amino acids. Cells make enzymes according to the instructions carried in their genes. The enzyme’s shape helps another molecule “fit” into it: Enzyme ...
Dehydration Synthesis
... • Association of 2 or more proteins • For proteins with more than one polypeptide chains, it is the specific arrangement of polypeptide chains in that protein • Example: ________________, the oxygen-carrying protein in blood, consists of a complex of four polypeptide chains of globin proteins interl ...
... • Association of 2 or more proteins • For proteins with more than one polypeptide chains, it is the specific arrangement of polypeptide chains in that protein • Example: ________________, the oxygen-carrying protein in blood, consists of a complex of four polypeptide chains of globin proteins interl ...
Anal. Chem. (2011) - American Chemical Society
... and/or to competing oxidation reactions. This trend of decreasing digestion efficiency with increasing protein molecular mass was also observed in our laboratory (unpublished results) as electrochemical digestions were performed readily only on peptides with molecular masses of less than about 3400 ...
... and/or to competing oxidation reactions. This trend of decreasing digestion efficiency with increasing protein molecular mass was also observed in our laboratory (unpublished results) as electrochemical digestions were performed readily only on peptides with molecular masses of less than about 3400 ...
Biochemistry of saliva and tooth tissues
... 45% inorganic material (mainly hydroxyapatite), 33% organic material (mainly collagen) 22% water ...
... 45% inorganic material (mainly hydroxyapatite), 33% organic material (mainly collagen) 22% water ...
Nutrition
... 3) Both processes occur in the liver D. Lipid Metabolism 1. The end products of lipid digestion (lipolysis) and cholesterol digestion are transported in the blood as chylomicrons 2. The glycerol component is converted to glucose (which enters into glycolysis) or G3P (which eventually enters the Kreb ...
... 3) Both processes occur in the liver D. Lipid Metabolism 1. The end products of lipid digestion (lipolysis) and cholesterol digestion are transported in the blood as chylomicrons 2. The glycerol component is converted to glucose (which enters into glycolysis) or G3P (which eventually enters the Kreb ...
Abdominal Assessment
... •More gradual onset of symptoms •Increasing constipation leading to obstipation and abdominal distension •Lower abdominal cramping unproductive of feces ...
... •More gradual onset of symptoms •Increasing constipation leading to obstipation and abdominal distension •Lower abdominal cramping unproductive of feces ...
Chapter 5: Structure and function of macromolecules
... major component of plant cell walls most abundant organic compound on earth polymer of glucose, but are linked by 1-4 beta glycosidic linkages (as in cellobiose). This difference gives cellulose a different shape and properties than starch and glycogen. ...
... major component of plant cell walls most abundant organic compound on earth polymer of glucose, but are linked by 1-4 beta glycosidic linkages (as in cellobiose). This difference gives cellulose a different shape and properties than starch and glycogen. ...
Protein Quality Matters
... increases in lean muscle mass. The gains for participants consuming whey protein (3.3 kg) were significantly greater than for participants consuming soy protein (1.8 kg), and the whey group had more leucine in their blood compared with the soy group. This complements results obtained by Baer et al i ...
... increases in lean muscle mass. The gains for participants consuming whey protein (3.3 kg) were significantly greater than for participants consuming soy protein (1.8 kg), and the whey group had more leucine in their blood compared with the soy group. This complements results obtained by Baer et al i ...
NUTRACEUTICALS: Let Food be Your Medicine
... the blood, they become highly toxic and can cause severe damage to many organ systems if they are not properly excreted. • Due to the overloaded and impaired kidneys, a buildup of poisonous wastes occurs in the bloodstream. Certain probiotic microorganisms can utilize urea, uric acid and creatinine ...
... the blood, they become highly toxic and can cause severe damage to many organ systems if they are not properly excreted. • Due to the overloaded and impaired kidneys, a buildup of poisonous wastes occurs in the bloodstream. Certain probiotic microorganisms can utilize urea, uric acid and creatinine ...
100% ISO Protein
... Aminogen® Patented Enzyme (protease I and II), Lactose Reducing Preparation (lactase), Soya Lecithin (for easier mixing). Whey protein isolates are already filtered to be 97-99.6% lactose-free. Lactose is a milk sugar that some people have difficulty digesting. 100% Iso-Protein “Lactose Free” is mad ...
... Aminogen® Patented Enzyme (protease I and II), Lactose Reducing Preparation (lactase), Soya Lecithin (for easier mixing). Whey protein isolates are already filtered to be 97-99.6% lactose-free. Lactose is a milk sugar that some people have difficulty digesting. 100% Iso-Protein “Lactose Free” is mad ...
LECTURE TEST PACKET #3
... - HETEROTROPHS get their carbon from other organisms - chemoheterotrophs also get their energy from other organisms - photoheterotrophs use light as their energy source - AUTOTROPHS get their carbon from CO₂ - chemoautotrophs get their energy from inorganic compounds; they are called “lithotrophs” w ...
... - HETEROTROPHS get their carbon from other organisms - chemoheterotrophs also get their energy from other organisms - photoheterotrophs use light as their energy source - AUTOTROPHS get their carbon from CO₂ - chemoautotrophs get their energy from inorganic compounds; they are called “lithotrophs” w ...
Advanced Biology
... benzoquinone, a brown-colored product. This is why these fruits and vegetables turn brown when they are exposed to air for a while. Because brown apple slices are unappealing to eat, caterers preparing apple slices to be served at a party often squeeze some lemon juice on the freshly cut apples, whi ...
... benzoquinone, a brown-colored product. This is why these fruits and vegetables turn brown when they are exposed to air for a while. Because brown apple slices are unappealing to eat, caterers preparing apple slices to be served at a party often squeeze some lemon juice on the freshly cut apples, whi ...
Cystic Fibrosis - Bellarmine University
... gene is 7q31.2 • The intron free mRNA transcript is about 6129 base pairs • The protein is 1,480 amino acids. • The mutated lacks one codon for Phenylalanine causing this amino acid to be absent. The U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research program ...
... gene is 7q31.2 • The intron free mRNA transcript is about 6129 base pairs • The protein is 1,480 amino acids. • The mutated lacks one codon for Phenylalanine causing this amino acid to be absent. The U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research program ...
biochemistry-n-6-protein-metabolism
... 3- When amino acids are degraded, the nitrogen is converted to urea, and the carbon skeletons are classified as either glucogenic (a precursor of glucose) or ketogenic (a precursor of ketone bodies). • Amino acid catabolism Amino acid catabolism occurs in two main stages. • First stage is the remov ...
... 3- When amino acids are degraded, the nitrogen is converted to urea, and the carbon skeletons are classified as either glucogenic (a precursor of glucose) or ketogenic (a precursor of ketone bodies). • Amino acid catabolism Amino acid catabolism occurs in two main stages. • First stage is the remov ...
Slide 1
... respiration dates back to – life long before oxygen was present, – when only prokaryotes inhabited the Earth, ...
... respiration dates back to – life long before oxygen was present, – when only prokaryotes inhabited the Earth, ...
Macromolecule PowerPoint
... the reaction is called dehydration • When we break these bonds (metabolize our food), it requires water and is called hydrolysis • Another reason to stay hydrated! ...
... the reaction is called dehydration • When we break these bonds (metabolize our food), it requires water and is called hydrolysis • Another reason to stay hydrated! ...
Course Home - Haldia Institute of Technology
... PREREQUISITES To understand this course, the incumbentmust have idea of: Basic elemental knowledge in biochemistry Basic understanding of structure and bonding Knowledge on principles related to structure, function and metabolism of protein, carbohydrate and fat derived different food products ...
... PREREQUISITES To understand this course, the incumbentmust have idea of: Basic elemental knowledge in biochemistry Basic understanding of structure and bonding Knowledge on principles related to structure, function and metabolism of protein, carbohydrate and fat derived different food products ...
Properties of the Major Biological Molecules
... Starch is made of a long chain of glucose are bonded together at the same angle. Cellulose is made from a slightly different form of glucose that bonds together at opposite angels. How are their functions different? Starch is a storage molecule that organisms use to store glucose until it is neede ...
... Starch is made of a long chain of glucose are bonded together at the same angle. Cellulose is made from a slightly different form of glucose that bonds together at opposite angels. How are their functions different? Starch is a storage molecule that organisms use to store glucose until it is neede ...
Enzymes - Food Science & Human Nutrition
... ◦ Different enzymes have different temperature optima's (the point when max activity is) ◦ It is important to determine this to be able to predict what type of thermal treatment you need in processing to inactivate undesirable enzymes ...
... ◦ Different enzymes have different temperature optima's (the point when max activity is) ◦ It is important to determine this to be able to predict what type of thermal treatment you need in processing to inactivate undesirable enzymes ...
To Study The Harmful Effects Of Food Preservatives On Human Health
... acid is the most effective antimicrobial agent pKa of 4.2; optimum pH range is from 2.5 to 4.0. Sorbic Acid and Sorbates Sorbic acid is a straight-chain, trans-trans unsaturated fatty acid, 2,4-hexadienoic acid .As an acid, it has a low solubility in water at room temp. The salts, sodium, or potassi ...
... acid is the most effective antimicrobial agent pKa of 4.2; optimum pH range is from 2.5 to 4.0. Sorbic Acid and Sorbates Sorbic acid is a straight-chain, trans-trans unsaturated fatty acid, 2,4-hexadienoic acid .As an acid, it has a low solubility in water at room temp. The salts, sodium, or potassi ...
Chemistry Option B: Human Biochemistry
... starch has two forms: amylose a straight chain polymer with α – 1, 4 linkages; and amylopectin a branched polymer with α – 1, 4 and α – 1, 6 linkages; cellulose has β – 1, 4 linkages; Both are polymers of glucose units. Starch has two forms: amylose, which is a straight-chain polymer (α-1,4 li ...
... starch has two forms: amylose a straight chain polymer with α – 1, 4 linkages; and amylopectin a branched polymer with α – 1, 4 and α – 1, 6 linkages; cellulose has β – 1, 4 linkages; Both are polymers of glucose units. Starch has two forms: amylose, which is a straight-chain polymer (α-1,4 li ...
Macromolecule
... polymers are subdivided into their basic units called monomers. Polymers account for the molecular uniqueness of organisms. Example: Twenty amino acids are responsible for all forms of life. These amino acids form every conceivable protein known to man. Making and breaking of polymers: Dehyd ...
... polymers are subdivided into their basic units called monomers. Polymers account for the molecular uniqueness of organisms. Example: Twenty amino acids are responsible for all forms of life. These amino acids form every conceivable protein known to man. Making and breaking of polymers: Dehyd ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.