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... Ultraviolet (UV) radiation typically leads to mutations in DNA because of the formation of "thymine dimers." These are adjacent thymines in the same strand of DNA, as opposed to base pairs on opposite strands, that form unusual bonds between their pyrimidine rings. It is important for the cell to re ...
... Ultraviolet (UV) radiation typically leads to mutations in DNA because of the formation of "thymine dimers." These are adjacent thymines in the same strand of DNA, as opposed to base pairs on opposite strands, that form unusual bonds between their pyrimidine rings. It is important for the cell to re ...
Choreography of Transcriptomes and Lipidomes of
... biosynthesis in the plastid (Lutziger and Oliver, 2000; Lin et al., 2003). In addition, free acetate imported from the mitochondria into the plastid can be converted to acetyl-CoA by an acetyl-CoA synthetase (Roughan and Ohlrogge, 1994). The first step of FA synthesis is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carbo ...
... biosynthesis in the plastid (Lutziger and Oliver, 2000; Lin et al., 2003). In addition, free acetate imported from the mitochondria into the plastid can be converted to acetyl-CoA by an acetyl-CoA synthetase (Roughan and Ohlrogge, 1994). The first step of FA synthesis is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carbo ...
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF CHARGE TRANSFER IN NUCLEOBASE-AROMATIC AMINO ACID COMPLEXES Cristina BUTCHOSA ROBLES
... and most probably a mutagenic lesion will be initiated. However, if DNA interacts with a protein or peptide with higher affinity to cationic charges, the electron hole can be extracted from DNA by a charge transfer reaction. Although charge transfer reactions within DNA have been widely explored, no ...
... and most probably a mutagenic lesion will be initiated. However, if DNA interacts with a protein or peptide with higher affinity to cationic charges, the electron hole can be extracted from DNA by a charge transfer reaction. Although charge transfer reactions within DNA have been widely explored, no ...
Metabolic modeling of muscle metabolism identifies key reactions
... Objective: Dysregulated muscle metabolism is a cardinal feature of human insulin resistance (IR) and associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, specific reactions contributing to abnormal energetics and metabolic inflexibility in IR are unknown. Methods: We utilize flux balance comp ...
... Objective: Dysregulated muscle metabolism is a cardinal feature of human insulin resistance (IR) and associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, specific reactions contributing to abnormal energetics and metabolic inflexibility in IR are unknown. Methods: We utilize flux balance comp ...
Fulltext - Jultika
... Ari-Pekka Kvist are also acknowledged for setting up and maintaining computer systems. I sincerely thank all the people of the “Indian and Asian community” who have given me company and have always helped me during my stay in Oulu. I would like to thank Dr. Mahesh Somani, Satyan Sharma and Sharat Kh ...
... Ari-Pekka Kvist are also acknowledged for setting up and maintaining computer systems. I sincerely thank all the people of the “Indian and Asian community” who have given me company and have always helped me during my stay in Oulu. I would like to thank Dr. Mahesh Somani, Satyan Sharma and Sharat Kh ...
Quantitative flux analysis reveals folate
... We also investigated the consequences of elimination of serine from the medium (Extended Data Fig. 8). As has been observed previously both in vitro17,18 and in tumour models19, serine depletion impaired cell growth (Extended Data Fig. 8b). Consistent with one important downstream product of serine ...
... We also investigated the consequences of elimination of serine from the medium (Extended Data Fig. 8). As has been observed previously both in vitro17,18 and in tumour models19, serine depletion impaired cell growth (Extended Data Fig. 8b). Consistent with one important downstream product of serine ...
Unit 8 Acids and Bases Notes (answers)
... Amphoteric Substances: - chemical species that can be an acid or a base. - all intermediate species of a diprotic acid is an amphoteric substance. Examples: Some Amphoteric Substances: HOOCCOO−(aq), HSO4−(aq), HSO3− (aq), HCO3−(aq), HS−(aq), HC6H6O6−(aq), and H2O (l) Polyprotic Acids: - acids that c ...
... Amphoteric Substances: - chemical species that can be an acid or a base. - all intermediate species of a diprotic acid is an amphoteric substance. Examples: Some Amphoteric Substances: HOOCCOO−(aq), HSO4−(aq), HSO3− (aq), HCO3−(aq), HS−(aq), HC6H6O6−(aq), and H2O (l) Polyprotic Acids: - acids that c ...
Kinetic modelling of the Maillard reaction between proteins and sugars
... 1.3 Sugar degradation ...
... 1.3 Sugar degradation ...
Chemical Composition of Phloem Sap from the Uppermost Internode
... contained high levels of ATP. Although an energy-dependent and carrier-mediated transport process that controls unloading has been suggested (Throne and Rainbird 1983, Eschrich 1986), the unloading process in maize pedicel tissue was not inhibited either by apoplastic pH or by metabolic inhibitors. ...
... contained high levels of ATP. Although an energy-dependent and carrier-mediated transport process that controls unloading has been suggested (Throne and Rainbird 1983, Eschrich 1986), the unloading process in maize pedicel tissue was not inhibited either by apoplastic pH or by metabolic inhibitors. ...
Cellular Respiration - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... are used to directly synthesize two ATP in the later steps of glycolysis. This is called substrate-level ATP synthesis (sometimes called substrate-level phosphorylation) because an enzyme passes a high-energy phosphate to ADP, and ATP results (Fig. 8.3). Notice that this is an example of coupling: A ...
... are used to directly synthesize two ATP in the later steps of glycolysis. This is called substrate-level ATP synthesis (sometimes called substrate-level phosphorylation) because an enzyme passes a high-energy phosphate to ADP, and ATP results (Fig. 8.3). Notice that this is an example of coupling: A ...
Bean Brew - Science Case Network
... between the two building blocks is exposed to water. The enzyme may also place physical stress on these bonds. The bond between two building block molecules (for example, between the C and N of two adjacent amino acids or between the carbons of two adjacent sugars) is broken. As discussed in Chapter ...
... between the two building blocks is exposed to water. The enzyme may also place physical stress on these bonds. The bond between two building block molecules (for example, between the C and N of two adjacent amino acids or between the carbons of two adjacent sugars) is broken. As discussed in Chapter ...
Crystal structure of potato tuber ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase
... does play a role in the allosteric activation of the enzyme. Taken together, these studies indicate that the activator 3-PGA binds at or near the inhibitor-binding site defined in our structure by sulfate 1. Sulfate 2 makes interactions with surrounding residues, R53, R83, H84, Q314, and R316 (Figure ...
... does play a role in the allosteric activation of the enzyme. Taken together, these studies indicate that the activator 3-PGA binds at or near the inhibitor-binding site defined in our structure by sulfate 1. Sulfate 2 makes interactions with surrounding residues, R53, R83, H84, Q314, and R316 (Figure ...
Thiamin (Vitamin B1): Beriberi
... • Involved in carbohydrate metabolism catalyzes synthesis or cleavage of bonds between carbonyl carbons •Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex •Citric Acid Cycle •Pentose Phosphate Pathway ...
... • Involved in carbohydrate metabolism catalyzes synthesis or cleavage of bonds between carbonyl carbons •Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex •Citric Acid Cycle •Pentose Phosphate Pathway ...
An Introduction to Metabolism
... Anabolic pathways, in contrast, consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones; they are sometimes called biosynthetic pathways. Examples of anabolism are the synthesis of an amino acid from simpler molecules and the synthesis of a protein from amino acids. Catabolic and anabolic pa ...
... Anabolic pathways, in contrast, consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones; they are sometimes called biosynthetic pathways. Examples of anabolism are the synthesis of an amino acid from simpler molecules and the synthesis of a protein from amino acids. Catabolic and anabolic pa ...
Chapter 6: Metal induced selectivity in phosphate ion binding in
... Ni2+ ion and a histidine and arginine residue of the DNase active site. This phosphate ion binding likely denotes the position either of the scissile bond or even the product 5’-phosphate. Figure 1. X-ray structure of the E9 DNase active site (4), whereby the location of the Ni2+ and phosphate ion a ...
... Ni2+ ion and a histidine and arginine residue of the DNase active site. This phosphate ion binding likely denotes the position either of the scissile bond or even the product 5’-phosphate. Figure 1. X-ray structure of the E9 DNase active site (4), whereby the location of the Ni2+ and phosphate ion a ...
as a PDF
... control gene expression. While regulation of transcription initiation is a common regulatory strategy, it is now apparent that this is only the starting point. Bacteria have developed several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that allow the organism to modulate gene expression after transcription ...
... control gene expression. While regulation of transcription initiation is a common regulatory strategy, it is now apparent that this is only the starting point. Bacteria have developed several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that allow the organism to modulate gene expression after transcription ...
A1060 GM Corn Line 5307 AppR SD1 Safety Assess
... and Cry1Ab, which have been used individually as insecticidal proteins in GM crops previously approved for use in Australia and New Zealand. The eCry3.1Ab chimeric protein is active against the larvae of Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte), Northern corn rootworm (D. long ...
... and Cry1Ab, which have been used individually as insecticidal proteins in GM crops previously approved for use in Australia and New Zealand. The eCry3.1Ab chimeric protein is active against the larvae of Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte), Northern corn rootworm (D. long ...
Comparative Analysis of Prothrombin Activators
... activator, present only in snakes containing group C complexes, also showed a very high degree of homology (96%–98%). Expression of both the factor X– and factor V–like proteins determined by immunoblotting provided an additional means of separating these two groups at the molecular level. The molec ...
... activator, present only in snakes containing group C complexes, also showed a very high degree of homology (96%–98%). Expression of both the factor X– and factor V–like proteins determined by immunoblotting provided an additional means of separating these two groups at the molecular level. The molec ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.