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Lipids
Lipids

... They inhibit protein kinase C indirectly, for example, by a mechanism involving inhibition of diacylglycerol synthesis. In addition, sphingoid bases are known to be potent inhibitors of cell growth, although they stimulate cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. They may have a protective role agains ...
4.3. monosaccharides
4.3. monosaccharides

... • Complexes of proteins or lipids with oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (covalent linked). They are present in the cellular surface and in the extracellular matrix. They are positive side of the ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... form isomers –Dehydrogenase: oxidizes O-molecules • 10 steps can be divided into two phases: –an E investment phase –an E payoff phase ...
General and Organic Chemistry: Theory content HT 2016
General and Organic Chemistry: Theory content HT 2016

The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include
The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... form isomers –Dehydrogenase: oxidizes O-molecules • 10 steps can be divided into two phases: –an E investment phase –an E payoff phase ...
ATP - Mhanafi123`s Blog
ATP - Mhanafi123`s Blog

... NAD+ recovered, catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase Enzyme glyceraldehyde 3P dehydrogenase required NAD+ in function ...
Basics on Protein Structure Building Blocks: Amino Acids
Basics on Protein Structure Building Blocks: Amino Acids

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... E. Dark reactions of photosynthesis (light-independent reactions) CO2 reduction (CO2 fixation) to form organic matter uses ATP and NADPH made in light reactions to reduce CO2 Dark reactions can occur in the light, but do not require light. ...
L23 HH Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle e
L23 HH Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle e

... acid cycle if oxygen is available. • Pyruvate is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A to be transferred to the citric acid cycle as acetyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, followed by the enzyme mediated steps of the citric acid cycle ...
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A number of antibiotics produced by different - J
A number of antibiotics produced by different - J

... (data not shown), despite the close structural similarity between these two antibiotics and the fact that tirandamycin is 40 times less potent than streptolydigin4). ...
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... The ‘split root’ set-up (Fig. 1B) refers to plants with the root system separated in two unequal parts, each one located in a separate container. The installation of the split root plants was carried out the day before the beginning of the experiments. A few roots (10–20% of the root system) were se ...
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... High-energy electron carriers from acetyl CoA formation, Krebs cycle, and glycolysis feed into the ETC. ...
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Maxime - Tech Dragon Limited

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Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase

... High-energy electrons and redox potentials are of fundamental importance in oxidative phosphorylation. In oxidative phosphorylation, the electron transfer potential of NADH or FADH2 is converted into the phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP. The reduction potential is an electrochemical concept Cons ...
BIOC*4540 ENZYMOLOGY Winter 2015
BIOC*4540 ENZYMOLOGY Winter 2015

Chapter 1: Bio Primer - Columbia CS
Chapter 1: Bio Primer - Columbia CS

...  DNA stores hereditary information  DNA is transcribed into RNA  RNA is translated into proteins  Proteins perform the key functions of cells ...
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week 4 no answers

exam1ans_2007 - algebra
exam1ans_2007 - algebra

... Asp and Lys). This is largely an enthalpic (ΔH) effect. It has very little influence on stabi lizing either the folded or unfolded form of the protein, all other effects are more important. i) the hydrophobic effect ii) hydrogen bonds iii) van der Waals forces iv) Conformational entropy i) the hydro ...
Syllabus of Medical / Dental Colleges Entrance Test 2016
Syllabus of Medical / Dental Colleges Entrance Test 2016

Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2000 - Third Exam
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2000 - Third Exam

... Both are involved with the control of metabolic pathways. The first describes inhibition directly by the product, the other describes inhibition by a metabolite, intermediate, or final product further down the pathway. ii) What are the similarities and differences between substrate level phosphoryla ...
a new equation for calculating the number of atp molecules
a new equation for calculating the number of atp molecules

Chapter 7 Carbohydrates: Nomenclature Monosaccharides
Chapter 7 Carbohydrates: Nomenclature Monosaccharides

Technical data sheet
Technical data sheet

... phosphorylation. Six tau isoforms exist in human brain tissue, and they are distinguished by the number of binding domains. Three isoforms have three binding domains and the remaining three have four binding domains. The binding domains are located in the carboxy-terminus of the protein and are posi ...
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Biosynthesis



Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.
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