2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
biochem 37 [4-20
... Transport defect of neutral AAs (Iso, Leu, Phe, Thr, Try, & Val) in both intestines and renal tubules i. system B0 [Nupnup, mmm….turkey--tryptophan] ...
... Transport defect of neutral AAs (Iso, Leu, Phe, Thr, Try, & Val) in both intestines and renal tubules i. system B0 [Nupnup, mmm….turkey--tryptophan] ...
2. Pyruvate Oxidation
... There are several types of reactions that we will encounter along the way. REDOX – Electrons being taken from one and added to another. Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation – The adding/removal of a phosphate group (PO4). Carboxylation/Decarboxylation – The adding/removal of a carbon. Hydration/Dehydra ...
... There are several types of reactions that we will encounter along the way. REDOX – Electrons being taken from one and added to another. Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation – The adding/removal of a phosphate group (PO4). Carboxylation/Decarboxylation – The adding/removal of a carbon. Hydration/Dehydra ...
Slide 1
... doctor for help and is sent to the hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of his condition? a) ...
... doctor for help and is sent to the hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of his condition? a) ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
The Calvin Cycle
... the starting molecule at the end of the cycle. It differs in that it is an anabolic process consuming energy to produce a sugar molecule whereas the Citric Acid Cycle is catabolic producing energy as it consumes sugar ...
... the starting molecule at the end of the cycle. It differs in that it is an anabolic process consuming energy to produce a sugar molecule whereas the Citric Acid Cycle is catabolic producing energy as it consumes sugar ...
Exam #1 Graduate: PEP 426 Intermediate Exercise Physiology
... _________ to mitochondrial ____________. a. ATP, CrP b. NADH, FADH2 c. FADH, FADH2 d. FADH2, NADH e. ATP, ADP 15. For every molecule of acetyl CoA entering the TCA cycle, the following are produced: a. 2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH b. 1 lactate, 1 NAD+ c. 3 CO2, 3 ATP, 3 NADH, 3 FADH d. 4 CO2, 2 ATP, ...
... _________ to mitochondrial ____________. a. ATP, CrP b. NADH, FADH2 c. FADH, FADH2 d. FADH2, NADH e. ATP, ADP 15. For every molecule of acetyl CoA entering the TCA cycle, the following are produced: a. 2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH b. 1 lactate, 1 NAD+ c. 3 CO2, 3 ATP, 3 NADH, 3 FADH d. 4 CO2, 2 ATP, ...
Exam III answer key - Chemistry Courses: About
... 4. (12 pts) Outline the full biosynthetic pathway for isoleucine. YOU MUST USE STRUCTURES. Show all products and reactants for each step. Draw the mechanism of the first step. There is also a rearrangement step. Draw the mechanism for that step as well.see last page 5. (6 Pts). Draw and number the s ...
... 4. (12 pts) Outline the full biosynthetic pathway for isoleucine. YOU MUST USE STRUCTURES. Show all products and reactants for each step. Draw the mechanism of the first step. There is also a rearrangement step. Draw the mechanism for that step as well.see last page 5. (6 Pts). Draw and number the s ...
Document
... Defects in the purine salvage pathway cause human diseases Salvage Pathway Activated ribose (PRPP) + base Blocked by HGPRT deficiency Nucleotides (Gout, Lesh-Nyhan) De Novo Pathway Activated ribose (PRPP) + amino acids ...
... Defects in the purine salvage pathway cause human diseases Salvage Pathway Activated ribose (PRPP) + base Blocked by HGPRT deficiency Nucleotides (Gout, Lesh-Nyhan) De Novo Pathway Activated ribose (PRPP) + amino acids ...
Pre-Test
... The energy release on hydrolysis of ATP is the result of breaking a high-energy bond. Much of the free energy released on the hydrolysis of ATP is available to do cellular work. In many cases, ATP makes energy available to other reactions by transferring its phosphate group to the substrate for anot ...
... The energy release on hydrolysis of ATP is the result of breaking a high-energy bond. Much of the free energy released on the hydrolysis of ATP is available to do cellular work. In many cases, ATP makes energy available to other reactions by transferring its phosphate group to the substrate for anot ...
Lecture 4: Digestion and Nutrient Metabolism
... All the previously shown enzymes for glycolysis/TCA have been identified in fish tissues those tissues showing highest enzyme activity are the heart and muscle tissue others include brain, kidney, gills, liver gluconeogenesis: synthesis of glucose as a result of starvation (where does this c ...
... All the previously shown enzymes for glycolysis/TCA have been identified in fish tissues those tissues showing highest enzyme activity are the heart and muscle tissue others include brain, kidney, gills, liver gluconeogenesis: synthesis of glucose as a result of starvation (where does this c ...
BIO PLACEMENT TEST REVIEW QUESTIONS Review 1: Answer
... 1) A primary source of scientific results is ___ A) The news media B) Anecdotes from others C) Articles in peer- reviewed journals D) The internet E) All of the above 2) A guess in a scientific process is called __; a unifying explanation for a range of observations is termed___? A) Theory: Hypothes ...
... 1) A primary source of scientific results is ___ A) The news media B) Anecdotes from others C) Articles in peer- reviewed journals D) The internet E) All of the above 2) A guess in a scientific process is called __; a unifying explanation for a range of observations is termed___? A) Theory: Hypothes ...
Bio-Chem Notes
... • Only contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a specific ratio of 1:2:1 Example: formula for glucose is C6H12O6 ...
... • Only contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a specific ratio of 1:2:1 Example: formula for glucose is C6H12O6 ...
Class Notes 1 - The University of Texas at Dallas
... decreasing strength, these forces are: – Ionic interactions – Hydrogen bonds • Within macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, it can exist between two parts of the same molecule, and figures as an important constraint on such molecules' overall shape. ...
... decreasing strength, these forces are: – Ionic interactions – Hydrogen bonds • Within macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, it can exist between two parts of the same molecule, and figures as an important constraint on such molecules' overall shape. ...
Fish Oil - Sundown Naturals
... Health experts agree: not all fat is bad for you. Omega-3 fatty acids are considered some of the “good” fats important for cellular, heart and metabolic health.* Getting an adequate amount of fatty acids to promote heart health is not easy.* Sundown Naturals’ Fish Oil 1000 mg contains eicosapentaeno ...
... Health experts agree: not all fat is bad for you. Omega-3 fatty acids are considered some of the “good” fats important for cellular, heart and metabolic health.* Getting an adequate amount of fatty acids to promote heart health is not easy.* Sundown Naturals’ Fish Oil 1000 mg contains eicosapentaeno ...
Cellular Energetics
... • 4. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation • ETC proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane • ETC membrane proteins accept e- from NADH and FADH2 • e- are passed down the ETC via redox reactions until they reach the final e- acceptor (O2) to form water • No ATP is made by ...
... • 4. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation • ETC proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane • ETC membrane proteins accept e- from NADH and FADH2 • e- are passed down the ETC via redox reactions until they reach the final e- acceptor (O2) to form water • No ATP is made by ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.