Spring 2012 Lecture 5
... Amino acids act as: enzymes (catalysts), metabolic intermediates, carriers of energy and waste products and hormones. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins Proteins are the most abundant macromolecules in living cells. May be 0.1 million different proteins in humans. Play pivotal role in a ...
... Amino acids act as: enzymes (catalysts), metabolic intermediates, carriers of energy and waste products and hormones. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins Proteins are the most abundant macromolecules in living cells. May be 0.1 million different proteins in humans. Play pivotal role in a ...
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
... • ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions. – Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed. – ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added. ...
... • ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions. – Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed. – ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added. ...
A1982NK48200001
... Woods Hole, MA 02543 January 5, 1982 “The problems of measuring rates of microbial activity in the plankton of lakes and oceans are formidable. Obvious methods such as looking at the release of CO or ...
... Woods Hole, MA 02543 January 5, 1982 “The problems of measuring rates of microbial activity in the plankton of lakes and oceans are formidable. Obvious methods such as looking at the release of CO or ...
Amino Acids and Proteins
... Peptide bonds ma be cleaved to break the chain into smaller molecules The proteins usually have some “signal peptide”, or “leader sequence”, which directs them to the organelle where they function; its usually a 30-amino-acid chain with hydrophobic residues ...
... Peptide bonds ma be cleaved to break the chain into smaller molecules The proteins usually have some “signal peptide”, or “leader sequence”, which directs them to the organelle where they function; its usually a 30-amino-acid chain with hydrophobic residues ...
Introduction to Biomolecular Structure
... Melting of the Earth due to radioactive and gravitational heating which leads to its differentiated interior structure as well as outgassing of molecules such as water, methane, ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide ...
... Melting of the Earth due to radioactive and gravitational heating which leads to its differentiated interior structure as well as outgassing of molecules such as water, methane, ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide ...
Make an Animal Activity: Coyote
... corresponds to each codon. Remember, translation for each chain always starts with the amino acid methionine (Met) and ends with one of the stop codons (UGA, UAG, UAA). 3. Use the amino acid sequence to find which traits are produced. In this exercise, all traits will be seven amino acids long. Reme ...
... corresponds to each codon. Remember, translation for each chain always starts with the amino acid methionine (Met) and ends with one of the stop codons (UGA, UAG, UAA). 3. Use the amino acid sequence to find which traits are produced. In this exercise, all traits will be seven amino acids long. Reme ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. – Carbohydrates include sugars and starches. – Monosaccharides are simple sugars. – Polysaccharides include starches, cellulose, and glycogen. ...
... Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. – Carbohydrates include sugars and starches. – Monosaccharides are simple sugars. – Polysaccharides include starches, cellulose, and glycogen. ...
Supplement 5.1: Polymers and Biopolymers. Proteins. Polymers are
... Nucleic Acids. The nucleic acids include ribonucleic acid (RNA), a condensation heteropolymer of ribonucleotides, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a condensation heteropolymer of 2-deoxy– ribonucleotides. As you may already know, there are several types of RNA, but we’re going to focus solely on the ...
... Nucleic Acids. The nucleic acids include ribonucleic acid (RNA), a condensation heteropolymer of ribonucleotides, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a condensation heteropolymer of 2-deoxy– ribonucleotides. As you may already know, there are several types of RNA, but we’re going to focus solely on the ...
Metabolism Chp 7
... CO2 + H2O Carbohydrate What are the basic energy units derived from food? • CHO glucose (after absorption & transport, the liver converts fructose and galactose to glucose) • Lipids glycerol and fatty acids • Pro amino acids The ups and downs of metabolism: (fig 7-2) • anabolism: building up-- ...
... CO2 + H2O Carbohydrate What are the basic energy units derived from food? • CHO glucose (after absorption & transport, the liver converts fructose and galactose to glucose) • Lipids glycerol and fatty acids • Pro amino acids The ups and downs of metabolism: (fig 7-2) • anabolism: building up-- ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... • Identify TWO environmental factors that can change the rate of enzyme-mediated reactions. Discuss how each of those two factors would affect the reaction rate of an enzyme. ...
... • Identify TWO environmental factors that can change the rate of enzyme-mediated reactions. Discuss how each of those two factors would affect the reaction rate of an enzyme. ...
AP European History (Sem 1), Unit 03, Lesson 04
... adjacent or distant amino acids as they form secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. The chemical interactions of the R groups of the amino acids allow proteins to rearrange spontaneously to form tertiary and quaternary structures. The order in which the amino acids are linked determines t ...
... adjacent or distant amino acids as they form secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. The chemical interactions of the R groups of the amino acids allow proteins to rearrange spontaneously to form tertiary and quaternary structures. The order in which the amino acids are linked determines t ...
Biomed Academy Plans Cellular Respiration Unit Plan AP Content
... Cellular Respiration Unit Plan ...
... Cellular Respiration Unit Plan ...
Respiration
... Step 2: Protons (indicated by + charge) enter back into the mitochondrial matrix through channels in ATP synthase enzyme complex. This entry is coupled to ATP synthesis from ADP and phosphate (Pi) ...
... Step 2: Protons (indicated by + charge) enter back into the mitochondrial matrix through channels in ATP synthase enzyme complex. This entry is coupled to ATP synthesis from ADP and phosphate (Pi) ...
Photosynthesis
... Explain how photorespiration relates to the evolutionary history of the atmosphere and the enzyme RuBisCO Describe the major pollution event that followed the evolution of ...
... Explain how photorespiration relates to the evolutionary history of the atmosphere and the enzyme RuBisCO Describe the major pollution event that followed the evolution of ...
Lipids
... Biochemistry is the study of chemical reactions in living systems. Biomolecules are organic compounds, meaning they are based on carbon chemistry. Remember that carbon is unique in that it can form 4 covalent bonds; thus it is able to form long, complex chains of atoms. ...
... Biochemistry is the study of chemical reactions in living systems. Biomolecules are organic compounds, meaning they are based on carbon chemistry. Remember that carbon is unique in that it can form 4 covalent bonds; thus it is able to form long, complex chains of atoms. ...
What is a Protein?
... As you may already know proteins are an essential part of your diet. Proteins form many structures in cells and body tissues. They are the main components in things like hair, bone, muscle, and blood. Proteins also form enzymes which are molecules that assist in the many chemical reactions that take ...
... As you may already know proteins are an essential part of your diet. Proteins form many structures in cells and body tissues. They are the main components in things like hair, bone, muscle, and blood. Proteins also form enzymes which are molecules that assist in the many chemical reactions that take ...
Ch. 8 Photosynthesis - YISS
... • Use carrier molecules to carry these e-. Ex. NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) ...
... • Use carrier molecules to carry these e-. Ex. NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) ...
anaerobic and aerobic respiration
... Catabolism (reactions in which energy is harvested as chemical compounds are broken down.) refers to the exergonic process by which energy released by the breakdown of organic compounds such as glucose can be used to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the form of energy required to do cellular ...
... Catabolism (reactions in which energy is harvested as chemical compounds are broken down.) refers to the exergonic process by which energy released by the breakdown of organic compounds such as glucose can be used to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the form of energy required to do cellular ...
Week 2
... • A substance such as NAD can act as an electron carrier, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. • The NAD can be a mobile or a membrane-bound carrier. ...
... • A substance such as NAD can act as an electron carrier, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. • The NAD can be a mobile or a membrane-bound carrier. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.