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Spinalin, a new glycine- and histidine
... which punches a hole in the prey’s integument. Nematocyst discharge is driven by the very high osmotic pressure (15 MPa; Weber, 1989) in the resting capsule, which results from the high concentration of poly-γ-glutamic acid and the corresponding cations in the matrix (Weber, 1990, 1991). The high os ...
... which punches a hole in the prey’s integument. Nematocyst discharge is driven by the very high osmotic pressure (15 MPa; Weber, 1989) in the resting capsule, which results from the high concentration of poly-γ-glutamic acid and the corresponding cations in the matrix (Weber, 1990, 1991). The high os ...
Improving muscle mass: response of muscle metabolism to exercise
... in positive NBAL. Thus muscle protein is alternately deposited and released depending on the metabolic situation. The magnitude and duration of these periods of muscle protein deposition and release determine the amount of muscle mass (Figure 1). In healthy, weight-stable adults, the periods of posi ...
... in positive NBAL. Thus muscle protein is alternately deposited and released depending on the metabolic situation. The magnitude and duration of these periods of muscle protein deposition and release determine the amount of muscle mass (Figure 1). In healthy, weight-stable adults, the periods of posi ...
Electron transport chain…
... • is the most widely accepted hypothesis to explain oxidative phosphorylation – electron transport chain organized so protons move outward from the mitochondrial matrix as electrons are transported down the chain – proton expulsion during electron transport results in the formation of a concentratio ...
... • is the most widely accepted hypothesis to explain oxidative phosphorylation – electron transport chain organized so protons move outward from the mitochondrial matrix as electrons are transported down the chain – proton expulsion during electron transport results in the formation of a concentratio ...
ENZYMES
... to the enzyme protein is called a prosthetic group. A complete, catalytically active enzyme together with its bound coenzyme and/or metal ions is called a holoenzyme. The protein part of such an enzyme is called the apoenzyme or apoprotein. Coenzymes act as transient carriers of specific functional ...
... to the enzyme protein is called a prosthetic group. A complete, catalytically active enzyme together with its bound coenzyme and/or metal ions is called a holoenzyme. The protein part of such an enzyme is called the apoenzyme or apoprotein. Coenzymes act as transient carriers of specific functional ...
Ultrasonic Absorption Mechanisms in Aqueous Solutions of Bovine
... also possess relaxational behavior. A similar situation has been reported for bovine serum albumin.22 The composite ultrasonic absorption titration curve is shown in Figure 2 for the frequency range 8.9-50.5 MHz and over the pH range 1.5-12.3. Similar shaped curves were also determined for Hb-OX dow ...
... also possess relaxational behavior. A similar situation has been reported for bovine serum albumin.22 The composite ultrasonic absorption titration curve is shown in Figure 2 for the frequency range 8.9-50.5 MHz and over the pH range 1.5-12.3. Similar shaped curves were also determined for Hb-OX dow ...
Recent advances in enzyme promiscuity | SpringerLink
... low promiscuous activity towards a physiologically irrelevant substrate might turn the enzyme into a much more proficient catalyst which is possible by accumulation of just one or more beneficial mutations affording a survival benefit to the organism. Furthermore, a promiscuous function can be the s ...
... low promiscuous activity towards a physiologically irrelevant substrate might turn the enzyme into a much more proficient catalyst which is possible by accumulation of just one or more beneficial mutations affording a survival benefit to the organism. Furthermore, a promiscuous function can be the s ...
The mitochondrial respiratory chain
... with cytoplasmically derived metabolic enzymes, such as those required for the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle (also called the citric acid cycle), amino acid metabolism and urea synthesis. It also contains multiple copies of mtDNA, together with the machinery for its replication, translation and tra ...
... with cytoplasmically derived metabolic enzymes, such as those required for the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle (also called the citric acid cycle), amino acid metabolism and urea synthesis. It also contains multiple copies of mtDNA, together with the machinery for its replication, translation and tra ...
Novel targets for tuberculosis drug discovery
... bacteria. The pathway consists of seven enzymatic reactions designated AroG, AroB, AroQ, AroE, AroK, AroA and AroC, and the product of the pathway — chorismate — is the main intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and other metabolites, including folic acid and quinones. The whole p ...
... bacteria. The pathway consists of seven enzymatic reactions designated AroG, AroB, AroQ, AroE, AroK, AroA and AroC, and the product of the pathway — chorismate — is the main intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and other metabolites, including folic acid and quinones. The whole p ...
Prediction of Folding, Stability and Structure of Proteins from Amino
... for the synthesis of a RNA molecule. This process is called transcription because during this phase of gene expression a transfer of information from one nucleic acid type to another occurs. Next, the RNA molecule is translated into a protein sequence. The RNA that is translated into a protein is ca ...
... for the synthesis of a RNA molecule. This process is called transcription because during this phase of gene expression a transfer of information from one nucleic acid type to another occurs. Next, the RNA molecule is translated into a protein sequence. The RNA that is translated into a protein is ca ...
Dosyayı İndir
... The selection of the correct amino acid must be highly accurate or the polypeptides may be nonfunctional Error rate is less than one in every 100,000 Sequences throughout the tRNA including but not limited to the anticodon are used as recognition sites Many modified bases are used as markers ...
... The selection of the correct amino acid must be highly accurate or the polypeptides may be nonfunctional Error rate is less than one in every 100,000 Sequences throughout the tRNA including but not limited to the anticodon are used as recognition sites Many modified bases are used as markers ...
Comprehensive Analysis of Hyrdrogen Bonds in Regulatory Protein
... of these bonds involve the protein side-chains and the DNA atoms at the base edges and in the backbone, but interactions that involve the protein backbone are also found. The contacts that involve the DNA backbone are believed to stabilize the complex and to orient the protein against the DNA in a f ...
... of these bonds involve the protein side-chains and the DNA atoms at the base edges and in the backbone, but interactions that involve the protein backbone are also found. The contacts that involve the DNA backbone are believed to stabilize the complex and to orient the protein against the DNA in a f ...
Effects of Protein-Deprivation on the Regeneration of Rat Liver after
... with lO,Ci of L-[4,5-3H]leucine (47Ci/mmol, New England Nuclear). Mixed liver proteins were isolated as described below for the protein-degradation experiments. Protein content was determined by the method of Lowry et al. (1951) on a separate sample. The results were calculated by taking into consid ...
... with lO,Ci of L-[4,5-3H]leucine (47Ci/mmol, New England Nuclear). Mixed liver proteins were isolated as described below for the protein-degradation experiments. Protein content was determined by the method of Lowry et al. (1951) on a separate sample. The results were calculated by taking into consid ...
Pupmed Linked Abstracts
... killed and serum and kidneys were isolated for analysis. 3. Injection of CDDP resulted in a significant increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and total nitrate/nitrite (NO(x)), as well as a significant decrease in reduced glutathione ...
... killed and serum and kidneys were isolated for analysis. 3. Injection of CDDP resulted in a significant increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and total nitrate/nitrite (NO(x)), as well as a significant decrease in reduced glutathione ...
Gas phase infrared spectra of nonaromatic amino acids
... of ab initio calculations of harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies [1,2]. In addition, gas phase spectra can be compared with spectra in liquids, solutions and matrix isolation, in order to assess the interaction with the solvent and neighboring molecules [3–9]. Biomolecules, like amino ac ...
... of ab initio calculations of harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies [1,2]. In addition, gas phase spectra can be compared with spectra in liquids, solutions and matrix isolation, in order to assess the interaction with the solvent and neighboring molecules [3–9]. Biomolecules, like amino ac ...
sequence alignments
... The extent to which nucleotide or protein sequences are related. It is based upon identity plus conservation. ...
... The extent to which nucleotide or protein sequences are related. It is based upon identity plus conservation. ...
attachment of amino acids to tRNA
... tRNAs are 75-95 nt in length. There are 15 invariant and 8 semi-invariant residues. The position of invariant and semi-variant nucleosides play a role in either the secondary and tertiary structure. There are many modified bases, which sometimes accounting for 20% of the total bases in one tRNA mole ...
... tRNAs are 75-95 nt in length. There are 15 invariant and 8 semi-invariant residues. The position of invariant and semi-variant nucleosides play a role in either the secondary and tertiary structure. There are many modified bases, which sometimes accounting for 20% of the total bases in one tRNA mole ...
The Influence of Ammonium Permease Activity and
... and so, indirectly, exerts an influence on the rate of ammonium uptake and pool size in the first part of the fermentation, but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. The metabolism of glucose and maltose is so similar that it seems unlikely that a sugar metabolite is involved, but it is possi ...
... and so, indirectly, exerts an influence on the rate of ammonium uptake and pool size in the first part of the fermentation, but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. The metabolism of glucose and maltose is so similar that it seems unlikely that a sugar metabolite is involved, but it is possi ...
Structure, mechanism and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
... Malic enzyme [EC 1.1.1.40 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetatedecarboxylating) (NADP+ )] catalyses the NADPH production in both shuttles. As these two shuttles operate as cycles, the amount of NADPH produced is much higher than that obtained from the pentose phosphate pathway. Initially, it was estima ...
... Malic enzyme [EC 1.1.1.40 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetatedecarboxylating) (NADP+ )] catalyses the NADPH production in both shuttles. As these two shuttles operate as cycles, the amount of NADPH produced is much higher than that obtained from the pentose phosphate pathway. Initially, it was estima ...
Home - NeuroImmune Alliance
... that this was consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. In 1984, several years before CFS was defined in the U.S, Arnold et al.33 found that using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance they could demonstrate an abnormal rise in intracellular acidity in the exercised forearm of a British patient with post- ...
... that this was consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. In 1984, several years before CFS was defined in the U.S, Arnold et al.33 found that using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance they could demonstrate an abnormal rise in intracellular acidity in the exercised forearm of a British patient with post- ...
Metabolism
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ATP-3D-vdW.png?width=300)
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.