Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis notes
... sequence occurs (in green plants also) when the electrons energized in photosystem I are “recycled” due to excess NADPH • Energized electrons join with protein carriers and generate ATP as they pass through another electron transport chain. The electrons then return to photosystem I (in a circle). • ...
... sequence occurs (in green plants also) when the electrons energized in photosystem I are “recycled” due to excess NADPH • Energized electrons join with protein carriers and generate ATP as they pass through another electron transport chain. The electrons then return to photosystem I (in a circle). • ...
8 Aerobic Respiration
... The NADH and FADH2 give off their electron, which powers each protein channel in sequence.* The NAD+ and FAD+ then return to pick up another electron *REMEMBER: If we can’t do this step, then the cell has to do fermentation instead. ...
... The NADH and FADH2 give off their electron, which powers each protein channel in sequence.* The NAD+ and FAD+ then return to pick up another electron *REMEMBER: If we can’t do this step, then the cell has to do fermentation instead. ...
1 Glycolysis and carbon-carbon bond chemistry I. Intro to Glycolysis
... when the iron was saturated with oxygen, it began to appear in the air. During this time the principal source of ATP formation was glycolysis. Compared to oxidative phosphorylation (our current primary, oxygen-dependent method for extracting energy from food), glycolysis is far less efficient - abou ...
... when the iron was saturated with oxygen, it began to appear in the air. During this time the principal source of ATP formation was glycolysis. Compared to oxidative phosphorylation (our current primary, oxygen-dependent method for extracting energy from food), glycolysis is far less efficient - abou ...
The Chemistry of Life
... Nucleic Acid • Form polymers of nucleotides, molecules composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous bases (Four nitrogenouos bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil) • DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that function in protein synthesis and the storage and transmissi ...
... Nucleic Acid • Form polymers of nucleotides, molecules composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous bases (Four nitrogenouos bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil) • DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that function in protein synthesis and the storage and transmissi ...
Glycolysis Quiz
... 7. Enzymes involved in the oxidation reduction of a substance can not operate without NAD+. What is NAD+ known as? (a) co-enzyme (b) co-factor (c) amino acid (d) protein ...
... 7. Enzymes involved in the oxidation reduction of a substance can not operate without NAD+. What is NAD+ known as? (a) co-enzyme (b) co-factor (c) amino acid (d) protein ...
PROTEINS - ssag.sk
... Functions of globular proteins • Hormone proteins function as cellular messenger molecules that help maintain homeostasis – Insulin: sends message “allow sugar into cells” (when blood glucose levels are high, cells will transport glucose into the cells for use or storage) – Glucagon: sends message ...
... Functions of globular proteins • Hormone proteins function as cellular messenger molecules that help maintain homeostasis – Insulin: sends message “allow sugar into cells” (when blood glucose levels are high, cells will transport glucose into the cells for use or storage) – Glucagon: sends message ...
Lesson Overview
... Some nucleotides, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), play important roles in capturing and transferring chemical energy. ...
... Some nucleotides, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), play important roles in capturing and transferring chemical energy. ...
experimental oncology
... 2. What is the ‘Warburg Effect’ ? (in which cells it occurs ? what is the functional consequence ?) 3. What are the main signalling pathways (driven by oncogenes and oncosuppressors) involved in the Warburg Effect ? 4. How is the Warburg Effect linked to the Fatty acid synthesis ? 5. Which aminoacid ...
... 2. What is the ‘Warburg Effect’ ? (in which cells it occurs ? what is the functional consequence ?) 3. What are the main signalling pathways (driven by oncogenes and oncosuppressors) involved in the Warburg Effect ? 4. How is the Warburg Effect linked to the Fatty acid synthesis ? 5. Which aminoacid ...
Islamic University of Gaza Advanced Biochemistry Faculty of
... reaction? What cofactor is essential in the first of these reactions? Name a tissue besides the liver in which gluconeogenesis occurs. (3 points) Answer: 1. Pyruvate Carboxylase: essential cofactor Biotin ...
... reaction? What cofactor is essential in the first of these reactions? Name a tissue besides the liver in which gluconeogenesis occurs. (3 points) Answer: 1. Pyruvate Carboxylase: essential cofactor Biotin ...
Defined Media and Supplements
... Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to ...
... Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to ...
Marine Bacteria and Archaea
... 1. Obtaining carbon in a form that can be used to synthesize fatty acids, proteins, DNA, and RNA ...
... 1. Obtaining carbon in a form that can be used to synthesize fatty acids, proteins, DNA, and RNA ...
Photosynthesis
... cytoplasm, chloroplast membranes and stroma 2. Carbon dioxide is taken up by ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), a 5-carbon compound. This gives an unstable 6-carbon compound, which quickly breaks down into 2 x 3-carbon glycerate 3phosphate (GP) 3. This reaction is catalysed by the enzymes ribulose bispho ...
... cytoplasm, chloroplast membranes and stroma 2. Carbon dioxide is taken up by ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), a 5-carbon compound. This gives an unstable 6-carbon compound, which quickly breaks down into 2 x 3-carbon glycerate 3phosphate (GP) 3. This reaction is catalysed by the enzymes ribulose bispho ...
physiology – metabolism
... C. Creatinine D. Etheral sulfate E. All of the above 15. Prolonged starvation in non-diabetic man is NOT characterized by: A. Ketosis B. Hypoglycemia C. Glycogen depletion D. Protein catabolism E. None of the above 16. Which of the following is FALSE? A. Saturated fats does not possess any double bo ...
... C. Creatinine D. Etheral sulfate E. All of the above 15. Prolonged starvation in non-diabetic man is NOT characterized by: A. Ketosis B. Hypoglycemia C. Glycogen depletion D. Protein catabolism E. None of the above 16. Which of the following is FALSE? A. Saturated fats does not possess any double bo ...
Microbial Physiology
... The length of lag phase depends on the conditions in the original culture and the medium into which they are transferred. ...
... The length of lag phase depends on the conditions in the original culture and the medium into which they are transferred. ...
BBS2710 Microbial Physiology Module 5
... through an intermediate • some are freely diffusible eg. NAD+, NADP+ • others are fixed in the cytoplasmic membrane eg. Electron transport chain • three stages to most cellular O-R processes • 1) removal of electrons from primary donor • 2) transfer of electrons through electron carriers • 3) additi ...
... through an intermediate • some are freely diffusible eg. NAD+, NADP+ • others are fixed in the cytoplasmic membrane eg. Electron transport chain • three stages to most cellular O-R processes • 1) removal of electrons from primary donor • 2) transfer of electrons through electron carriers • 3) additi ...
F - cell
... The length of lag phase depends on the conditions in the original culture and the medium into which they are transferred. ...
... The length of lag phase depends on the conditions in the original culture and the medium into which they are transferred. ...
Practice Exam Answers
... 2. Explain why feedback inhibition is important and how it relates to cellular respiration. Provide a specific example. [4] Feedback inhibition ensures that the body does not waste energy. It regulates the rate of reactions. It is very important in controlling aerobic respiration. An example of thi ...
... 2. Explain why feedback inhibition is important and how it relates to cellular respiration. Provide a specific example. [4] Feedback inhibition ensures that the body does not waste energy. It regulates the rate of reactions. It is very important in controlling aerobic respiration. An example of thi ...
Photosynthesis (pages 86–90) Sources of Energy
... • Plants get water by absorbing it from the soil with their roots. Carbon dioxide gas enters the leaves through small openings on the leaves. • Inside the chloroplasts, water and carbon dioxide go through a series of chemical reactions. The energy captured from the sun powers these reactions. • One ...
... • Plants get water by absorbing it from the soil with their roots. Carbon dioxide gas enters the leaves through small openings on the leaves. • Inside the chloroplasts, water and carbon dioxide go through a series of chemical reactions. The energy captured from the sun powers these reactions. • One ...
Metabolic Reactions Responsible for Glucose
... Waters, 1976). Similar observations were made with cells grown in LP glycerol (data not shown), but the inhibitors had no effect when cells were grown in LP (Fig. 2b). Thus it seemed reasonable to conclude that the metabolic reactions of the glycolytic pathway from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 2-ph ...
... Waters, 1976). Similar observations were made with cells grown in LP glycerol (data not shown), but the inhibitors had no effect when cells were grown in LP (Fig. 2b). Thus it seemed reasonable to conclude that the metabolic reactions of the glycolytic pathway from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 2-ph ...
Chapter 8 & 9 Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration
... The process of photosynthesis includes the LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS as well as the ...
... The process of photosynthesis includes the LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS as well as the ...
GLYCOLYSIS GLUCONEOGENESIS
... represents a catabolic process; moving from narrow to broad represents an anabolic process. ...
... represents a catabolic process; moving from narrow to broad represents an anabolic process. ...
The Chemistry of Life
... • Nitrogen base (also nitrogenous) • Function: • Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information • 2 main types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) ...
... • Nitrogen base (also nitrogenous) • Function: • Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information • 2 main types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) ...
Chemistry of Life PPT
... Two very common chemical reactions assisted by enzymes are dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. When the subunits of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are being put together to form larger molecules, water is removed by the action of an enzyme. This process is called dehydration synthesis. When la ...
... Two very common chemical reactions assisted by enzymes are dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. When the subunits of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are being put together to form larger molecules, water is removed by the action of an enzyme. This process is called dehydration synthesis. When la ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.