CHAPTER 9: HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY
... reactions that split energy-carrying molecules like ATP. ATP is not a long-term energy storage molecule, it is made only when needed. It is an extremely valuable molecule because it is used to do most of the work in a cell and is used to drive endergonic reactions. Cells generate ATP through two dif ...
... reactions that split energy-carrying molecules like ATP. ATP is not a long-term energy storage molecule, it is made only when needed. It is an extremely valuable molecule because it is used to do most of the work in a cell and is used to drive endergonic reactions. Cells generate ATP through two dif ...
CHEMICAL REACTIONS, ENZYMES, ATP, CELLULAR
... 17. On average, how many ATP can be made from each NADH during the ETC? 18. On average, how many ATP can be made from each FADH2 during the ETC? 19. What happens after glycolysis if there is no ...
... 17. On average, how many ATP can be made from each NADH during the ETC? 18. On average, how many ATP can be made from each FADH2 during the ETC? 19. What happens after glycolysis if there is no ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... III. Overview of glycolysis - Glycolytic pathway is employed by all tissues for the breakdown of glucose to provide energy (in form of ATP) and intermediates for other metabolic pathways - Glycolysis is at the hub of CHO metabolism because virtually all sugars, whether arising from diet or from cat ...
... III. Overview of glycolysis - Glycolytic pathway is employed by all tissues for the breakdown of glucose to provide energy (in form of ATP) and intermediates for other metabolic pathways - Glycolysis is at the hub of CHO metabolism because virtually all sugars, whether arising from diet or from cat ...
Protein Synthesis: Transcription
... 1. What is the purpose of Protein Synthesis? 2. List 2 differences between DNA and RNA 3. Where in the cell does the process of transcription occur? 4. What enzyme completes the process of transcription? 5. What molecule is produced from transcription? 6. Where does this molecule go after it is made ...
... 1. What is the purpose of Protein Synthesis? 2. List 2 differences between DNA and RNA 3. Where in the cell does the process of transcription occur? 4. What enzyme completes the process of transcription? 5. What molecule is produced from transcription? 6. Where does this molecule go after it is made ...
Mechanisms
... Reactions with target molecules Cellular deregulation Repair mechanisms “Essentials of Toxicology” by Klaassen Curtis D. and Watkins John B ...
... Reactions with target molecules Cellular deregulation Repair mechanisms “Essentials of Toxicology” by Klaassen Curtis D. and Watkins John B ...
Document
... • Globular structure: Water soluble polypeptide chains that fold tightly on themselves to create a compact, spherical shape. Plasma proteins (e.g. albumin), transport proteins, nuclear proteins, and most enzymes have a globular tertiary structure. • Fibrous structure: Water IN-soluble polypeptide ch ...
... • Globular structure: Water soluble polypeptide chains that fold tightly on themselves to create a compact, spherical shape. Plasma proteins (e.g. albumin), transport proteins, nuclear proteins, and most enzymes have a globular tertiary structure. • Fibrous structure: Water IN-soluble polypeptide ch ...
Toxic Effects
... Lower cellular concentrations by sequestration Prevention of damage by removal of xenobiotics before they reach the site of action Molecular mechanisms of activity eg the pesticide dimilin – acts on the site of formation of chitin. Thus only affects those arthropods with chitinous exoskeleton In con ...
... Lower cellular concentrations by sequestration Prevention of damage by removal of xenobiotics before they reach the site of action Molecular mechanisms of activity eg the pesticide dimilin – acts on the site of formation of chitin. Thus only affects those arthropods with chitinous exoskeleton In con ...
Chapter 12 Pathways to biomolecules
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
Biology Name_____________________________________
... information, graphic organizers not only help categorize facts but serve as a memory aid. You will make a graphic organizer that will serve as a study aid for this chapter. Your organizer must include symbols, pictures, diagrams, charts, etc. Do not simply put the words on a piece of paper. This ass ...
... information, graphic organizers not only help categorize facts but serve as a memory aid. You will make a graphic organizer that will serve as a study aid for this chapter. Your organizer must include symbols, pictures, diagrams, charts, etc. Do not simply put the words on a piece of paper. This ass ...
Testing for Organic Molecules Lab Lab #___
... immediate energy. Complex carbohydrates, or polysaccharides like starch, consist of chains of monosaccharides. These macromolecules are used for longer-term energy storage, or for structural purposes. Similarly, lipids, typically consisting of a glycerol molecule and fatty acids, are also used for e ...
... immediate energy. Complex carbohydrates, or polysaccharides like starch, consist of chains of monosaccharides. These macromolecules are used for longer-term energy storage, or for structural purposes. Similarly, lipids, typically consisting of a glycerol molecule and fatty acids, are also used for e ...
The Michaelis-Menten equation
... these enzymes from potentially digesting the pancreas including: storage and packing in acidic media to inhibit enzyme activity synthesis and storage as inactive precursor forms. some of the enzymes that are stored in the pancreas before secretion as inactive precursor forms, then activated when the ...
... these enzymes from potentially digesting the pancreas including: storage and packing in acidic media to inhibit enzyme activity synthesis and storage as inactive precursor forms. some of the enzymes that are stored in the pancreas before secretion as inactive precursor forms, then activated when the ...
tRNA - ISE
... Release factors bind to the ribosome at the A-site causing H2O to be added to the growing peptide chain, releasing it from attachment with the tRNA. ...
... Release factors bind to the ribosome at the A-site causing H2O to be added to the growing peptide chain, releasing it from attachment with the tRNA. ...
video slide
... electrons from reaction to reaction • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme (other coenzymes can be used as well) • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduced form of NAD+) represents ...
... electrons from reaction to reaction • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme (other coenzymes can be used as well) • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduced form of NAD+) represents ...
Chapter 8 Section 3 Notes
... The plant uses the sugars produced by the Calvin cycle to meet its energy needs and to build macromolecules needed for growth and development. When other organisms eat plants, they can use the energy and raw materials stored in these compounds. ...
... The plant uses the sugars produced by the Calvin cycle to meet its energy needs and to build macromolecules needed for growth and development. When other organisms eat plants, they can use the energy and raw materials stored in these compounds. ...
Intermolecular Forces Types of Intermolecular Forces
... is dissolved in the solvent. It can be a gas (O2 in water), a liquid (water dissolved in ethanol), or a solid (NaCl dissolved in water). In any solution, the molecules or ions of the solute are randomly distributed among the molecules of the ...
... is dissolved in the solvent. It can be a gas (O2 in water), a liquid (water dissolved in ethanol), or a solid (NaCl dissolved in water). In any solution, the molecules or ions of the solute are randomly distributed among the molecules of the ...
Proteins - Many Structures, Many Functions
... Distinguish proteins from the other classes of macromolecules and list the biological functions which members of this class perform List and be able to recognize the four major components of a typical amino acid and explain how amino acids may be grouped according to the nature of their side chain ...
... Distinguish proteins from the other classes of macromolecules and list the biological functions which members of this class perform List and be able to recognize the four major components of a typical amino acid and explain how amino acids may be grouped according to the nature of their side chain ...
05- macromolecules
... – Another level in the hierarchy of biological organization is reached when small organic molecules are joined together – Atom ---> molecule --- compound ...
... – Another level in the hierarchy of biological organization is reached when small organic molecules are joined together – Atom ---> molecule --- compound ...
Slide 1
... 6.3 Cellular respiration banks energy in ATP molecules Cellular respiration is an exergonic process that transfers energy from the bonds in glucose to form ATP. Cellular respiration – produces up to 32 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule and – captures only about 34% of the energy original ...
... 6.3 Cellular respiration banks energy in ATP molecules Cellular respiration is an exergonic process that transfers energy from the bonds in glucose to form ATP. Cellular respiration – produces up to 32 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule and – captures only about 34% of the energy original ...
2 Lec 4 Muscle Metabolism V10
... – Consists of series of chemical reactions that occur in mitochondria and require oxygen • Breaks glucose into CO2, H2O, and large amount ATP (32 can be produced) ...
... – Consists of series of chemical reactions that occur in mitochondria and require oxygen • Breaks glucose into CO2, H2O, and large amount ATP (32 can be produced) ...
Ch 9 Text Study Guide
... The ICrebs cycle begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondrion. One carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of a molecule of carbon dioxide, which is eventually released into the air. The carbon dioxide released during the Krebs cycle is the source of much of the carbon ...
... The ICrebs cycle begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondrion. One carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of a molecule of carbon dioxide, which is eventually released into the air. The carbon dioxide released during the Krebs cycle is the source of much of the carbon ...
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... How to organisms get energy? • Cells use a high energy molecule to fuel cellular processes Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ...
... How to organisms get energy? • Cells use a high energy molecule to fuel cellular processes Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ...
Glycolysis & Fermentation
... Step 4 – conversion of 4-carbon compound Step 5 – 4-carbon compound converted back to oxaloacetic acid ...
... Step 4 – conversion of 4-carbon compound Step 5 – 4-carbon compound converted back to oxaloacetic acid ...
www.salmate.com
... The balance of dihomo gamma linolenic acid (GGLA) to arachidonic in every cell in the body determines whether or not good or bad eicosanoids are made when that cell is stimulated by its external environment. The balance of DGLA to arachidonic acid is controlled by the activity of a single enzyme - ...
... The balance of dihomo gamma linolenic acid (GGLA) to arachidonic in every cell in the body determines whether or not good or bad eicosanoids are made when that cell is stimulated by its external environment. The balance of DGLA to arachidonic acid is controlled by the activity of a single enzyme - ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.