Metabolism Teaching Notes ***Print off slides 7,12,13, 16, 20, 23, 24
... by gaining electrons (i.e. they converted from NAD+ or FADH respectively by being reduced) during glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylation and Kreb’s Cycle. o NADH and FADH2 are then fed into electron transport system where they are oxidized slowly and thus lose their electrons slowly to create proton m ...
... by gaining electrons (i.e. they converted from NAD+ or FADH respectively by being reduced) during glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylation and Kreb’s Cycle. o NADH and FADH2 are then fed into electron transport system where they are oxidized slowly and thus lose their electrons slowly to create proton m ...
CS689-domains - faculty.cs.tamu.edu
... • Given that you have a sequence threaded onto a known structure, how well does it fit the fold? – originally: residues scored by 18 environment classes (Bowie, Luthy, Eisenberg, 1991) – similarity of amino acids in model to structure (homology, position-dependent distribution) – tolerance of buried ...
... • Given that you have a sequence threaded onto a known structure, how well does it fit the fold? – originally: residues scored by 18 environment classes (Bowie, Luthy, Eisenberg, 1991) – similarity of amino acids in model to structure (homology, position-dependent distribution) – tolerance of buried ...
2015
... 3. [4 points] In the citric acid cycle, we encountered a three-step mechanism to oxidize an alkyl chain (shown in the figure). Name the four citric acid cycle intermediates (indicated with letters next to the figure) that are involved in this mechanism. ...
... 3. [4 points] In the citric acid cycle, we encountered a three-step mechanism to oxidize an alkyl chain (shown in the figure). Name the four citric acid cycle intermediates (indicated with letters next to the figure) that are involved in this mechanism. ...
Translation Notes
... digestion, etc. –Long chain of many amino acids –Proteins differ in the number and order of amino acids. ...
... digestion, etc. –Long chain of many amino acids –Proteins differ in the number and order of amino acids. ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... • Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds. – The bonds form between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid • Through peptide bonds, amino acids are linked in chains called polypeptides (a chain of amino acids) • A protein is one or more polypeptides. ...
... • Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds. – The bonds form between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid • Through peptide bonds, amino acids are linked in chains called polypeptides (a chain of amino acids) • A protein is one or more polypeptides. ...
6. Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation
... occurs in the digestion of proteins occurs in cells when amino acids are needed to synthesize new proteins and repair tissues ...
... occurs in the digestion of proteins occurs in cells when amino acids are needed to synthesize new proteins and repair tissues ...
GLUCONEOGENESIS
... erythrocytes is a source of energy for other organs. • The only purpose of the reduction of pyruvate to lactate is to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can proceed in active skeletal muscle and erythrocytes. • lactate is a dead end in metabolism. – It must be converted back into pyruvate before it ...
... erythrocytes is a source of energy for other organs. • The only purpose of the reduction of pyruvate to lactate is to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can proceed in active skeletal muscle and erythrocytes. • lactate is a dead end in metabolism. – It must be converted back into pyruvate before it ...
Lesson 2
... • All cells (and all matter) are made up of atoms and molecules. • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. • The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element is called an atom. ...
... • All cells (and all matter) are made up of atoms and molecules. • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. • The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element is called an atom. ...
Chapter Nine - The Krebs Cycle
... 9.2 Acetyl CoA: Substrate of the Krebs Cycle • Overall process: oxidation of two acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA completely to CO2 – high energy electrons are captured • Acetyl CoA – Thioester of acetate with CoA ...
... 9.2 Acetyl CoA: Substrate of the Krebs Cycle • Overall process: oxidation of two acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA completely to CO2 – high energy electrons are captured • Acetyl CoA – Thioester of acetate with CoA ...
Penicillium chrysogenum
... By-products of metabolism not essential to immediate cell survival Produced during the stationary phase Examples Antibiotics (e.g. Penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum) ...
... By-products of metabolism not essential to immediate cell survival Produced during the stationary phase Examples Antibiotics (e.g. Penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum) ...
3 macromolecules no pics pdf
... • Proposed by Alexander I Oparin in 1923. • Currently has 4 steps: – Chemical evolution began with the production of small compounds with reduced carbon atoms – Simple compounds reacted to get mid-sized molecules called amino acids, sugars, and nitrogenous bases – Midsized molecules linked to form l ...
... • Proposed by Alexander I Oparin in 1923. • Currently has 4 steps: – Chemical evolution began with the production of small compounds with reduced carbon atoms – Simple compounds reacted to get mid-sized molecules called amino acids, sugars, and nitrogenous bases – Midsized molecules linked to form l ...
Chapter 32 - How Animals Harvest Energy Stored in Nutrients
... Animals that live in an anaerobic (low in oxygen) environment utilize fermentation to transfer the electrons and associated hydrogen produced in glycolysis to another atom or molecule. Molecules other than oxygen (e.g., NAD) are electron acceptors. In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle completes ...
... Animals that live in an anaerobic (low in oxygen) environment utilize fermentation to transfer the electrons and associated hydrogen produced in glycolysis to another atom or molecule. Molecules other than oxygen (e.g., NAD) are electron acceptors. In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle completes ...
BMB 401 Summer, 2017 Comprehensive Biochemistry
... In this course, we will cover the structures and functions of major biomolecules, to understand the roles of these molecules in metabolism. We will also cover the regulation and coordination of major metabolic pathways. This course has an emphasis on human metabolic pathways; other systems are cover ...
... In this course, we will cover the structures and functions of major biomolecules, to understand the roles of these molecules in metabolism. We will also cover the regulation and coordination of major metabolic pathways. This course has an emphasis on human metabolic pathways; other systems are cover ...
Questions 6 Metabolism_1
... b) membrane-associated electron transport chain. c) an ATP synthase. d) phosphoenolpyruvate. e) a proton motive force. 8) When oxygen reacts with hydrogen gas, water is produced as the product in this oxidationreduction reaction. Hydrogen donates electrons to oxygen in the reaction. Which statement ...
... b) membrane-associated electron transport chain. c) an ATP synthase. d) phosphoenolpyruvate. e) a proton motive force. 8) When oxygen reacts with hydrogen gas, water is produced as the product in this oxidationreduction reaction. Hydrogen donates electrons to oxygen in the reaction. Which statement ...
File - HEENAN SCIENCE
... is a great molecule for transferring energy, but it is not a good one for storing large amounts of energy over a long term. • A glucose molecule stores more than 90 times the chemical energy of a molecule of ATP. • It is more efficient for cells to keep only a small supply of ATP on hand. • Cells ca ...
... is a great molecule for transferring energy, but it is not a good one for storing large amounts of energy over a long term. • A glucose molecule stores more than 90 times the chemical energy of a molecule of ATP. • It is more efficient for cells to keep only a small supply of ATP on hand. • Cells ca ...
Chapter 20 Lipid Biosynthesis
... revealed that all the 27 carbons of cholesterol is derived from acetyl-CoA The origin of the carbon atoms of cholesterol was deduced from tracer experiments where either with the methyl carbon or the carboxyl carbon in acetate is labeled with 14C (1940s). The pattern of labeling provided the blu ...
... revealed that all the 27 carbons of cholesterol is derived from acetyl-CoA The origin of the carbon atoms of cholesterol was deduced from tracer experiments where either with the methyl carbon or the carboxyl carbon in acetate is labeled with 14C (1940s). The pattern of labeling provided the blu ...
Part I - OCCC.edu
... acid. When this new amino acid is at position #6 instead of the correct amino acid, the hemoglobin molecule is altered so that it becomes more hydrophobic. As a result, when the altered hemoglobin chains fold into their three-dimensional shape, they tend to stick to each other, forming long insolubl ...
... acid. When this new amino acid is at position #6 instead of the correct amino acid, the hemoglobin molecule is altered so that it becomes more hydrophobic. As a result, when the altered hemoglobin chains fold into their three-dimensional shape, they tend to stick to each other, forming long insolubl ...
structural organization
... The binding site forms when amino acids from within the protein come together in the folding The remaining sequences may play a role in regulating the protein’s activity ...
... The binding site forms when amino acids from within the protein come together in the folding The remaining sequences may play a role in regulating the protein’s activity ...
Structure of proteins Insulin:
... The coiling is stabilized by achieving two bonds: 1-Hydrogen bond ...
... The coiling is stabilized by achieving two bonds: 1-Hydrogen bond ...
Slide 1
... • The waste product, lactate, may cause muscle fatigue, but ultimately it is converted back to pyruvate in the liver. ...
... • The waste product, lactate, may cause muscle fatigue, but ultimately it is converted back to pyruvate in the liver. ...
basic biochemistry - Personal Webspace for QMUL
... This stage produces two different three-carbon units BUT these two are ________________ Formation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate An aldol cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate Catalysed by aldolase Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ___ ...
... This stage produces two different three-carbon units BUT these two are ________________ Formation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate An aldol cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate Catalysed by aldolase Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ___ ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.