Cell Respir/Ferm slide
... c) net yield of 32 or 34 ATP per glucose molecule d) 6 H2O are formed when the electrons unite with O2* at the end of electron transport chain. * Note: This is the function of oxygen in living organisms! ...
... c) net yield of 32 or 34 ATP per glucose molecule d) 6 H2O are formed when the electrons unite with O2* at the end of electron transport chain. * Note: This is the function of oxygen in living organisms! ...
Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle
... • The Calvin cycle (in the stroma) forms sugar from CO2, using ATP and NADPH • The Calvin cycle begins with carbon fixation, incorporating CO2 into organic molecules (most importantly, glucose) ...
... • The Calvin cycle (in the stroma) forms sugar from CO2, using ATP and NADPH • The Calvin cycle begins with carbon fixation, incorporating CO2 into organic molecules (most importantly, glucose) ...
01 P⁄g. iniciales (Page 1)
... palmate- or ATP-grasp fold. This superfamily includes other ATP-dependent carboxylate-thiol ligases (succinate- and malateCoA ligases), as well as enzymes endowed with carboxylateamine ligase activity (glutathione synthetase, biotin carboxylase, and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase) [13]. The reductiv ...
... palmate- or ATP-grasp fold. This superfamily includes other ATP-dependent carboxylate-thiol ligases (succinate- and malateCoA ligases), as well as enzymes endowed with carboxylateamine ligase activity (glutathione synthetase, biotin carboxylase, and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase) [13]. The reductiv ...
Cellular Respiration Review
... What are the number and type of input molecules for glycolysis? What molecule gets reduced during glycolysis? What molecule gets oxidized during glycolysis? What are the number and type of output molecules for glycolysis? How is each output molecule from glycolysis used? What is the net gain of ATP ...
... What are the number and type of input molecules for glycolysis? What molecule gets reduced during glycolysis? What molecule gets oxidized during glycolysis? What are the number and type of output molecules for glycolysis? How is each output molecule from glycolysis used? What is the net gain of ATP ...
Basic Biochemistry
... Aromatic amino acids All contain a phenyl ring All are ____________ Tyrosine is less hydrophobic since it has an OH group The side chains become increasingly bulky in size Tryptophan = Trp = W = Widest amino acid The electron clouds allow for interaction with other systems ...
... Aromatic amino acids All contain a phenyl ring All are ____________ Tyrosine is less hydrophobic since it has an OH group The side chains become increasingly bulky in size Tryptophan = Trp = W = Widest amino acid The electron clouds allow for interaction with other systems ...
12_Lecture
... down into a few common metabolites. These reactions tend to be exergonic (-G). • Anabolism refers to chemical reactions in which metabolites combine to form larger molecules. These reactions tend to be endergonic (+G). • The energy released during catabolic reactions is captured in ATP and used to ...
... down into a few common metabolites. These reactions tend to be exergonic (-G). • Anabolism refers to chemical reactions in which metabolites combine to form larger molecules. These reactions tend to be endergonic (+G). • The energy released during catabolic reactions is captured in ATP and used to ...
Lecture 27
... glutathione, nucleotides, coenzymes) Amino acids are classified into 2 groups: essential and nonessential Mammals can synthesize nonessential amino acids from metabolic precursors. Essential amino acids must be taken in from diet. Excess dietary amino acids are converted to common metabolic intermed ...
... glutathione, nucleotides, coenzymes) Amino acids are classified into 2 groups: essential and nonessential Mammals can synthesize nonessential amino acids from metabolic precursors. Essential amino acids must be taken in from diet. Excess dietary amino acids are converted to common metabolic intermed ...
Trans Fatty Acids
... • Fatty acids play many important roles in the cell – Intracellular signaling – Make up membrane that holds the cell together – Energy storage ...
... • Fatty acids play many important roles in the cell – Intracellular signaling – Make up membrane that holds the cell together – Energy storage ...
9 essential amino acids your body can`t live without
... dietary protein to meet our daily requirements for amino acids, with the most recent recommendation (Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2013) being the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), replacing the older protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) method. The DIAAS m ...
... dietary protein to meet our daily requirements for amino acids, with the most recent recommendation (Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2013) being the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), replacing the older protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) method. The DIAAS m ...
Microbiology bio 123
... Young actively working cells are more susceptible to anti-microbial agent. Cells that are metabolizing are susceptible to these because most anti-microbial agent effect a metabolic pathway. How do these agents work, 1. By causing damage to the cell wall, 1. This causes lysis of the cell, 2. Some nat ...
... Young actively working cells are more susceptible to anti-microbial agent. Cells that are metabolizing are susceptible to these because most anti-microbial agent effect a metabolic pathway. How do these agents work, 1. By causing damage to the cell wall, 1. This causes lysis of the cell, 2. Some nat ...
Coenzymes and cofactors Vitamins and minerals
... Some enzymes need assistance so that the catalytic process goes smoothly. Molecules, which can provide this assistance, are either cofactors or coenzymes. Function of coenzymes Coenzymes are organic carrier molecules. They are non-protein components of an enzyme that are required for the catalytic p ...
... Some enzymes need assistance so that the catalytic process goes smoothly. Molecules, which can provide this assistance, are either cofactors or coenzymes. Function of coenzymes Coenzymes are organic carrier molecules. They are non-protein components of an enzyme that are required for the catalytic p ...
Pre-workout / Nitric Oxide : SUPERNOVA 282GR
... Presenting the active ingredients of the product according to functional groups: Supernova Blend contains active ingredients which enhance nitrogen monoxide production in your body and carnosine production in your muscles, as well as a unique combination of two kinds of L-arginine, L-citrulline mala ...
... Presenting the active ingredients of the product according to functional groups: Supernova Blend contains active ingredients which enhance nitrogen monoxide production in your body and carnosine production in your muscles, as well as a unique combination of two kinds of L-arginine, L-citrulline mala ...
Alcohol Metabolism
... Acetyl CoA fatty acid synthesis FAs accumulate in the liver Once the liver is congested with fat: Decreased efficiency of hepatocytes Decreased conversion of vitamin D to active form Decreased gluconeogenesis Decreased glu & increased acetyl CoA ketosis (acidic) Accumulation of NADH + ...
... Acetyl CoA fatty acid synthesis FAs accumulate in the liver Once the liver is congested with fat: Decreased efficiency of hepatocytes Decreased conversion of vitamin D to active form Decreased gluconeogenesis Decreased glu & increased acetyl CoA ketosis (acidic) Accumulation of NADH + ...
Peptide bond Polypeptide
... Amino acids join together end-to-end to form a long chain, similarly to glucose molecules. The R groups that they contain do not affect how they bond: it is always in one long chain. A condensation reaction joins the molecules, whereby water is released in the process. The bond formed is a covalent ...
... Amino acids join together end-to-end to form a long chain, similarly to glucose molecules. The R groups that they contain do not affect how they bond: it is always in one long chain. A condensation reaction joins the molecules, whereby water is released in the process. The bond formed is a covalent ...
THERMODYNAMICS AND ENZYMES STUDY GUIDE
... A spark plug provides the __________ to energize a gasoline-oxygen mixture and cause ...
... A spark plug provides the __________ to energize a gasoline-oxygen mixture and cause ...
2 H
... • Cytochrome oxidase catalyzes the reduction of a final electron acceptor, oxygen • An artifcial e- donor, phenylenediamine, is used to reduce the cytochrome oxidase • If the enzyme is present, the colorless reagent (reduced state) will turn blue (oxidized state) ...
... • Cytochrome oxidase catalyzes the reduction of a final electron acceptor, oxygen • An artifcial e- donor, phenylenediamine, is used to reduce the cytochrome oxidase • If the enzyme is present, the colorless reagent (reduced state) will turn blue (oxidized state) ...
Semester 2 review sheet - Summit School District
... Standard 2.3 Macromolecules of life! Essential Vocab: Monomers: Polymers: Carbohydrate: Monosaccharide: fructose, glucose Disaccharides: sucrose, lactose Polysaccharides: Starches, glycogen Lactose, sucrose: Starch: cellulose, glycogen Fats/Lipids: Fatty Acid: Glycerol: Tri-Glyceride Proteins: Amino ...
... Standard 2.3 Macromolecules of life! Essential Vocab: Monomers: Polymers: Carbohydrate: Monosaccharide: fructose, glucose Disaccharides: sucrose, lactose Polysaccharides: Starches, glycogen Lactose, sucrose: Starch: cellulose, glycogen Fats/Lipids: Fatty Acid: Glycerol: Tri-Glyceride Proteins: Amino ...
lecture notes-biochemistry
... • Proteins denature when they lose their three-dimensional structure their chemical conformation and thus their characteristic folded structure. • Proteins may be denatured at the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structural levels, but not at the primary structural level. • This change is usually ...
... • Proteins denature when they lose their three-dimensional structure their chemical conformation and thus their characteristic folded structure. • Proteins may be denatured at the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structural levels, but not at the primary structural level. • This change is usually ...
8.5 Translation
... 8.5 Translation Describe how the processes of transcription and translation are similar in all organisms. Same in prokaryotes & eukaryotes: 1. Have DNA made of nucleotides & follow the same base pairing rules 2. Change DNARNA via transcription 3. Translation occurs at the site of a ribosome & use ...
... 8.5 Translation Describe how the processes of transcription and translation are similar in all organisms. Same in prokaryotes & eukaryotes: 1. Have DNA made of nucleotides & follow the same base pairing rules 2. Change DNARNA via transcription 3. Translation occurs at the site of a ribosome & use ...
BCM 101 BIOCHEMISTRY BIOCHEMISTRY “Chemistry of proteins”
... The word “protein” is derived from the Greek word “proteios”, which means “of primary importance”. In fact, proteins plays an important role in all biochemical and physiological body processes; they act as enzymes, hormones, receptors, antibodies and are required for the structural integrity of cell ...
... The word “protein” is derived from the Greek word “proteios”, which means “of primary importance”. In fact, proteins plays an important role in all biochemical and physiological body processes; they act as enzymes, hormones, receptors, antibodies and are required for the structural integrity of cell ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.