Types of Chemical Reactions
... The combustion reaction may also be an example of an earlier type such as 2Mg + O2 2MgO. The combustion reaction may be burning of a fuel. ...
... The combustion reaction may also be an example of an earlier type such as 2Mg + O2 2MgO. The combustion reaction may be burning of a fuel. ...
chapt 3 The Molecules of Cells
... 3.14 DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a discrete unit of inheritance known as a gene. Genes consist of DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid), a type of nucleic acid. DNA is inherited from an organism’s parents. DNA provides direct ...
... 3.14 DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a discrete unit of inheritance known as a gene. Genes consist of DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid), a type of nucleic acid. DNA is inherited from an organism’s parents. DNA provides direct ...
16N-containing Substances
... -Ring structure of 4 pyrrole rings linked with methylenyl bridge. -Side chains: different porphyrins vary of the side chain that are attached to pyrrole rings. *Distribution of side chains: different types I, II, III, IV of porphyrins. ...
... -Ring structure of 4 pyrrole rings linked with methylenyl bridge. -Side chains: different porphyrins vary of the side chain that are attached to pyrrole rings. *Distribution of side chains: different types I, II, III, IV of porphyrins. ...
Chapter 15 The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
... Regulation of Amino Acids catabolism in TCA Cycle Entering TCA cycle of amino acids via -ketoglutarate and succinyl-CoA has no apparent regulation site during their conversion to oxaloacetate. : Since oxaloacetate can not go further without acetyl-CoA, pyruvate dehydrogenase will be responsible for ...
... Regulation of Amino Acids catabolism in TCA Cycle Entering TCA cycle of amino acids via -ketoglutarate and succinyl-CoA has no apparent regulation site during their conversion to oxaloacetate. : Since oxaloacetate can not go further without acetyl-CoA, pyruvate dehydrogenase will be responsible for ...
electron transport chain.
... • Organic compounds store energy in the arrangement of atoms. • With the help of enzymes, the cell breaks down large molecules that are rich in potential energy. • Some of this energy can be used to perform cellular activities, the rest is lost as heat. • Several processes are central to cellular re ...
... • Organic compounds store energy in the arrangement of atoms. • With the help of enzymes, the cell breaks down large molecules that are rich in potential energy. • Some of this energy can be used to perform cellular activities, the rest is lost as heat. • Several processes are central to cellular re ...
Biol 1406 notes Ch 8 8thed
... Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds. ○ A major pathway of catabolism is cellular respiration, in which the sugar glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide and water. ○ The energy released by catabolic pathways becomes a ...
... Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds. ○ A major pathway of catabolism is cellular respiration, in which the sugar glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide and water. ○ The energy released by catabolic pathways becomes a ...
Chapter 18 Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... Stages of Metabolism Catabolic reactions are organized in stages. • Stage 1: Digestion and hydrolysis break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. • Stage 2: Degradation breaks down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds • Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the ...
... Stages of Metabolism Catabolic reactions are organized in stages. • Stage 1: Digestion and hydrolysis break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. • Stage 2: Degradation breaks down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds • Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the ...
File
... structures of proteins or nucleic acids resulting in a loss of bioactivity. Proteins have a multitude of functions required for life. ...
... structures of proteins or nucleic acids resulting in a loss of bioactivity. Proteins have a multitude of functions required for life. ...
anaerobic respiration
... Eventually O2 will again be available and the lactic acid will get oxidized to make CO2 and H2O by this overall redox reaction: C3H6O3 + 3 O2 3 CO2 + 3 H2O + energy Lactic acid conjugate acid for lactate ion ...
... Eventually O2 will again be available and the lactic acid will get oxidized to make CO2 and H2O by this overall redox reaction: C3H6O3 + 3 O2 3 CO2 + 3 H2O + energy Lactic acid conjugate acid for lactate ion ...
NC Exam Questions - Rosshall Academy
... 17. When vegetable oils are hydrolysed, mixtures of fatty acids are obtained. The fatty acids can be classified by their degree of unsaturation. The table below shows the composition of each of the mixtures of fatty acids obtained when palm oil and olive oil were hydrolysed. ...
... 17. When vegetable oils are hydrolysed, mixtures of fatty acids are obtained. The fatty acids can be classified by their degree of unsaturation. The table below shows the composition of each of the mixtures of fatty acids obtained when palm oil and olive oil were hydrolysed. ...
Application of stable isotopes and mass isotopomer distribution
... [U-13Cn]-labeled tracers, it is important to note that appearance of [U-13Cn] isotopomers can only derive from the administered tracer (e.g., dietary [U-13C6]dextrin, n = 6). Therefore, when [U-13Cn] compounds ([M+n]) are administered, appearance of the [M+n] isotopomer in, for example, plasma gluco ...
... [U-13Cn]-labeled tracers, it is important to note that appearance of [U-13Cn] isotopomers can only derive from the administered tracer (e.g., dietary [U-13C6]dextrin, n = 6). Therefore, when [U-13Cn] compounds ([M+n]) are administered, appearance of the [M+n] isotopomer in, for example, plasma gluco ...
chemical structure of purine and pyrimidin nitrogen bases
... change of structure, properties and functions of peptides. For example: during mutation of the coding the polypeptide chain of hemoglobin, glutamine in the 6-th position is substituted to valine. Hemoglobin loses its ability to bind and transport oxygen. Erythrocytes take the shape of a sickle, the ...
... change of structure, properties and functions of peptides. For example: during mutation of the coding the polypeptide chain of hemoglobin, glutamine in the 6-th position is substituted to valine. Hemoglobin loses its ability to bind and transport oxygen. Erythrocytes take the shape of a sickle, the ...
Document
... • Many important compounds have not YET been synthesized under simulated conditions • Many ancient life forms (by phylogeny) are autotrophic and hyperthermophilic ...
... • Many important compounds have not YET been synthesized under simulated conditions • Many ancient life forms (by phylogeny) are autotrophic and hyperthermophilic ...
Datasheet - Sigma
... in the PSTAIR sequence1 of p34cdc2 (cdk1) and of other cyclin-dependent kinases containing the PSTAIR motif (cdk2 and cdk3). The antibody recognizes 31-34 kDa proteins (1-4 bands) in immunoblotting.1-7 The product is also reactive in ELISA1 and immunoprecipitation.1 It cannot precipitate p34cdc2 whe ...
... in the PSTAIR sequence1 of p34cdc2 (cdk1) and of other cyclin-dependent kinases containing the PSTAIR motif (cdk2 and cdk3). The antibody recognizes 31-34 kDa proteins (1-4 bands) in immunoblotting.1-7 The product is also reactive in ELISA1 and immunoprecipitation.1 It cannot precipitate p34cdc2 whe ...
Slide 1
... always consisted of amphiphilic phospholipids that can spontaneously form bilayers and vesicles. ...
... always consisted of amphiphilic phospholipids that can spontaneously form bilayers and vesicles. ...
+ 3
... peptides: the name given to a polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; they are classified by the number of amino acid residues in the chain: dipeptide: a molecule containing two amino acid residues joined by a peptide bond tripeptide: a molecule containing three amino acids joined by peptide ...
... peptides: the name given to a polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; they are classified by the number of amino acid residues in the chain: dipeptide: a molecule containing two amino acid residues joined by a peptide bond tripeptide: a molecule containing three amino acids joined by peptide ...
A1993MB49400001
... selection of the intracellular milieu and the crucial micromolecules—inorganic ions, small organic solutes, and H20—that define it. Biologists, they felt, were learning much about the function and evolution of macromolecules, but little on the nature of the environment in which they operated. A majo ...
... selection of the intracellular milieu and the crucial micromolecules—inorganic ions, small organic solutes, and H20—that define it. Biologists, they felt, were learning much about the function and evolution of macromolecules, but little on the nature of the environment in which they operated. A majo ...
CELL MEMBRANES (Cassaret and Doull`s) Toxicants usually pass
... nutrients, such as sugars and amino and nucleic acids, along with some foreign compounds. Based on the sequencing of the human genome, there are at least 500 genes whose putative function involves membrane transport (Venter et al., 2001). However, not all of these genes contribute to the disposition ...
... nutrients, such as sugars and amino and nucleic acids, along with some foreign compounds. Based on the sequencing of the human genome, there are at least 500 genes whose putative function involves membrane transport (Venter et al., 2001). However, not all of these genes contribute to the disposition ...
tacttgaaagttcaccggagg
... the tRNA has an amino acid (a.a.) attached to it and the anticodon matches up with the codon on the mRNA and this continues until the mRNA has a STOP codon. This sequence stops protein synthesis. SO- the mRNA sequence controls which amino acids are going to be put together and in what order. Remembe ...
... the tRNA has an amino acid (a.a.) attached to it and the anticodon matches up with the codon on the mRNA and this continues until the mRNA has a STOP codon. This sequence stops protein synthesis. SO- the mRNA sequence controls which amino acids are going to be put together and in what order. Remembe ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.