Midterm 1 - Version A
... 14. The reaction A --> B is catalyzed by the enzyme E1, ∆G = 8 kJ mol-1 The reaction B --> C is catalyzed by the enzyme E2. Addition of E1 and E2 to A results in formation of C. You start off with 2 moles of A in 1 L of solution at 298K. You then add either E1 alone (solid line) or E1 and E2 (dashed ...
... 14. The reaction A --> B is catalyzed by the enzyme E1, ∆G = 8 kJ mol-1 The reaction B --> C is catalyzed by the enzyme E2. Addition of E1 and E2 to A results in formation of C. You start off with 2 moles of A in 1 L of solution at 298K. You then add either E1 alone (solid line) or E1 and E2 (dashed ...
Lecture-Lipid Metabolism - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Polymerize acetyl CoA into fatty acids, join them to glycerol to make triacylglycerol Reverse of -oxidation, but enzymes and control are different -oxidation - mitochondria, FA biosynthesis - cytosol First committed step - acetyl CoA carboxylase ...
... Polymerize acetyl CoA into fatty acids, join them to glycerol to make triacylglycerol Reverse of -oxidation, but enzymes and control are different -oxidation - mitochondria, FA biosynthesis - cytosol First committed step - acetyl CoA carboxylase ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism-1
... glucose and ATP (energy). If both are present in relatively high amounts, then the excess of insulin promotes the glucose conversion into glycogen for storage in liver and muscle cells. In the synthesis of glycogen, one ATP is required per • glucose incorporated into the polymeric branched structure ...
... glucose and ATP (energy). If both are present in relatively high amounts, then the excess of insulin promotes the glucose conversion into glycogen for storage in liver and muscle cells. In the synthesis of glycogen, one ATP is required per • glucose incorporated into the polymeric branched structure ...
CNH U1L2
... An atom can only be one element, An atom is pure. The picture has two Different types of atoms so it is a Molecule and a compound. Water is 2/3 of the mass of the cell. Water moves in and out of the cell via the bi phospholipid cell membrane Uses active transport which Requires energy in a process c ...
... An atom can only be one element, An atom is pure. The picture has two Different types of atoms so it is a Molecule and a compound. Water is 2/3 of the mass of the cell. Water moves in and out of the cell via the bi phospholipid cell membrane Uses active transport which Requires energy in a process c ...
Slide 1
... especially cholesterol, which are needed by the developing chick. Lecithin is used to emulsify the lipids and hold them in the water as an emulsion. Lecithin is the basis of the classic emulsion known as mayonnaise ...
... especially cholesterol, which are needed by the developing chick. Lecithin is used to emulsify the lipids and hold them in the water as an emulsion. Lecithin is the basis of the classic emulsion known as mayonnaise ...
Document
... forming a straight chain without double bonds. Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds within the carbon chain, which results in a bend of the chain. Proteins Proteins are complex, specialized molecules composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. The building blocks of ...
... forming a straight chain without double bonds. Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds within the carbon chain, which results in a bend of the chain. Proteins Proteins are complex, specialized molecules composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. The building blocks of ...
NAD + , NADP +
... donors in the nonaqueous environment of membranes. Iron-sulfur proteins and cytochromes, which have tightly bound prosthetic groups that undergo reversible oxidation and reduction, also serve as electron carriers in many Redox reactions. Some of these proteins are water-soluble, but others are p ...
... donors in the nonaqueous environment of membranes. Iron-sulfur proteins and cytochromes, which have tightly bound prosthetic groups that undergo reversible oxidation and reduction, also serve as electron carriers in many Redox reactions. Some of these proteins are water-soluble, but others are p ...
Technical data sheet Sodium Pyruvate 100mM
... This product is a 100mM (11g/l) solution prepared in cell culture grade water. It is suitable for cell culture research at 1mM (0.11g/l). Pyruvate, the anion of pyruvic acid, is the end product of the glycolysis pathway, whereby glucose is converted to pyruvate with the production of ATP. In the mit ...
... This product is a 100mM (11g/l) solution prepared in cell culture grade water. It is suitable for cell culture research at 1mM (0.11g/l). Pyruvate, the anion of pyruvic acid, is the end product of the glycolysis pathway, whereby glucose is converted to pyruvate with the production of ATP. In the mit ...
... acetyl CoA cannot be used to produce pyruvate which could be used, via gluconeogenesis, to produce glucose. 12. (14 pts) Pick any coordinately regulated step in glucogen or glucose metabolism and briefly describe (use the back of the previous page if you need additional room): i) How it is regulated ...
Notes
... • DNA holds instructions to make a protein • Instructions are copied into mRNA, which will be used to make a protein • Codon - each three-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule • Each codon represents 1 amino acid • There are 64 possible codons, and only 20 amino acids, so most amino acids have mor ...
... • DNA holds instructions to make a protein • Instructions are copied into mRNA, which will be used to make a protein • Codon - each three-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule • Each codon represents 1 amino acid • There are 64 possible codons, and only 20 amino acids, so most amino acids have mor ...
Problem set #3 Answers 1. The 3 main links between lipid synthesis
... Problem set #3 Answers 1. The 3 main links between lipid synthesis and carbon skeleton of metabolism are: Pathway glycolysis ...
... Problem set #3 Answers 1. The 3 main links between lipid synthesis and carbon skeleton of metabolism are: Pathway glycolysis ...
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Respiration uses the small steps in the respiratory pathway to break the large denomination of energy contained in glucose into the small change of ATP. ...
... Respiration uses the small steps in the respiratory pathway to break the large denomination of energy contained in glucose into the small change of ATP. ...
lecture CH24 chem131pikul
... • Fatty acid oxidation • Glycolysis • Amino Acid Catabolism All lead to the production of Acetyl CoA ...
... • Fatty acid oxidation • Glycolysis • Amino Acid Catabolism All lead to the production of Acetyl CoA ...
RuBisCO and C4 plants
... dioxide and water to give two glycerate-3-phosphate (GP) molecules, which can be utilised in the ‘C3’ Calvin cycle. But this reaction is very slow at low carbon dioxide concentrations. Rubisco also catalyses another reaction – the oxygenation of RuBP. When RuBP reacts with oxygen, it gives a molecul ...
... dioxide and water to give two glycerate-3-phosphate (GP) molecules, which can be utilised in the ‘C3’ Calvin cycle. But this reaction is very slow at low carbon dioxide concentrations. Rubisco also catalyses another reaction – the oxygenation of RuBP. When RuBP reacts with oxygen, it gives a molecul ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... NAD+ functions as the oxidizing agent in many of the redox steps during the catabolism of glucose. The electrons carried by NADH have lost very little of their potential energy in this process. Each NADH molecule formed during respiration represents stored energy. This energy is tapped to synthesi ...
... NAD+ functions as the oxidizing agent in many of the redox steps during the catabolism of glucose. The electrons carried by NADH have lost very little of their potential energy in this process. Each NADH molecule formed during respiration represents stored energy. This energy is tapped to synthesi ...
Nucleic Acid metabolism De Novo Synthesis of Purine
... • Since pyrimidine molecules are simpler than purines, so is their synthesis simpler but is still from readily available components. Glutamine's amide nitrogen and carbon dioxide provide atoms 2 and 3 or the pyrimidine ring. They do so, however, after first being converted to carbamoyl phosphate. Th ...
... • Since pyrimidine molecules are simpler than purines, so is their synthesis simpler but is still from readily available components. Glutamine's amide nitrogen and carbon dioxide provide atoms 2 and 3 or the pyrimidine ring. They do so, however, after first being converted to carbamoyl phosphate. Th ...
Enzyme Units FAQ
... Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265-275. ...
... Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265-275. ...
Enduring Understanding: Growth, reproduction and maintenance of
... ◦ Facultative Anaerobes- an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration when oxygen is available but switches to fermentation when oxygen is not ...
... ◦ Facultative Anaerobes- an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration when oxygen is available but switches to fermentation when oxygen is not ...
09_DetailLectOut_jkAR
... one molecule of glucose. 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter ...
... one molecule of glucose. 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 1: Structure and Function in Biochemistry
... When a ligand binds to a protein, it alters the balance of internal forces in the protein. Since protein structure is based on relatively weak forces, proteins have a degree of flexibility, and the protein will adjust its overall shape or conformation when a ligand such as a substrate or effector b ...
... When a ligand binds to a protein, it alters the balance of internal forces in the protein. Since protein structure is based on relatively weak forces, proteins have a degree of flexibility, and the protein will adjust its overall shape or conformation when a ligand such as a substrate or effector b ...
Proteins - foothill.edu
... •To avoid aqueous body fluids, they gather into clusters that provide a water-free environment, often a pocket within a large protein molecule. •The polar, acidic, and basic side chains are hydrophilic (water-loving)—they are attracted to polar water molecules. They interact with water molecules muc ...
... •To avoid aqueous body fluids, they gather into clusters that provide a water-free environment, often a pocket within a large protein molecule. •The polar, acidic, and basic side chains are hydrophilic (water-loving)—they are attracted to polar water molecules. They interact with water molecules muc ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.