Biology and computers
... 2. Similarity: Quantity that relates how much two amino acid sequences are alike. 3. Homology: A conclusion drawn from data suggesting that two genes share a common evolutionary history. ...
... 2. Similarity: Quantity that relates how much two amino acid sequences are alike. 3. Homology: A conclusion drawn from data suggesting that two genes share a common evolutionary history. ...
Slayt 1 - Prof.Dr.Orhan CANBOLAT
... • Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked disorder arising from deficiency of HGPRT, which results in failure to salvage hypoxanthine and guanine to the corresponding nucleotides IMP and GMP. • Inability to utilize PRPP in the salvage pathway leads to PRPP accumulation, which, in conjunction with low le ...
... • Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked disorder arising from deficiency of HGPRT, which results in failure to salvage hypoxanthine and guanine to the corresponding nucleotides IMP and GMP. • Inability to utilize PRPP in the salvage pathway leads to PRPP accumulation, which, in conjunction with low le ...
Types of Chemical Reactions Name_________________________
... Double-Replacement Reactions For each of the reactions listed in this section write down the word equation and then balanced chemical equation. calcium carbonate and sulfurous acid ...
... Double-Replacement Reactions For each of the reactions listed in this section write down the word equation and then balanced chemical equation. calcium carbonate and sulfurous acid ...
Molecular Modeling Activity for Carbohydrates
... Just as double sugars were formed from two single sugar molecules using a dehydration synthesis reaction, polysaccharides and water molecules are formed when many single sugars are chemically joined together. The prefix “poly-” means many. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are the three most common po ...
... Just as double sugars were formed from two single sugar molecules using a dehydration synthesis reaction, polysaccharides and water molecules are formed when many single sugars are chemically joined together. The prefix “poly-” means many. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are the three most common po ...
Effect of Zinc on Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates and
... 1966; Gupta & Venkitasubramanian, 1975;Maggon, Gopal & Venkitasubramanian, 1g73), but the mechanism of this stimulatory action is not understood at present. The effect of zinc on the metabolism of A. pdrdsiticus has not been reported. It has been shown that soybean is a poor substrate for aflatoxin ...
... 1966; Gupta & Venkitasubramanian, 1975;Maggon, Gopal & Venkitasubramanian, 1g73), but the mechanism of this stimulatory action is not understood at present. The effect of zinc on the metabolism of A. pdrdsiticus has not been reported. It has been shown that soybean is a poor substrate for aflatoxin ...
ACTIVITY OF PHOSPHOHYDROLYTIC ENZYMES IN WATERS
... Keywords: phosphorus, organic matter, activity of enzymes, water ...
... Keywords: phosphorus, organic matter, activity of enzymes, water ...
chapter 20 lecture (ppt file)
... its active form, usually by hydrolysis, at the active site in the cell. E. g. Pepsinogen is synthesized and transported to the stomach where it is converted to pepsin. The most common form of protein modification is addition or removal of a phosphate group. ...
... its active form, usually by hydrolysis, at the active site in the cell. E. g. Pepsinogen is synthesized and transported to the stomach where it is converted to pepsin. The most common form of protein modification is addition or removal of a phosphate group. ...
63 RNA and Translation hnRNA Following transcription, eukaryotes
... the N indicates any of the four possible bases). Universality The genetic code is essentially universal. With minor exceptions, all organisms use exactly the same genetic code. The major exceptions are mitochondria, in which a few of the codons have different meanings (e.g., four differences from th ...
... the N indicates any of the four possible bases). Universality The genetic code is essentially universal. With minor exceptions, all organisms use exactly the same genetic code. The major exceptions are mitochondria, in which a few of the codons have different meanings (e.g., four differences from th ...
Cellular respiration
... by substrate-level by oxidative phosphorylation, depending on which shuttle transports electrons phosphorylation from NADH in cytosol ...
... by substrate-level by oxidative phosphorylation, depending on which shuttle transports electrons phosphorylation from NADH in cytosol ...
Solid Waste in History
... Of interest in environmental biotechnology Fungi: (1) the primary decomposers in the world; (2) decompose a great variety of organic materials that tend to resist bacterial decay (decomposition of lignin, leaves, dead plants and trees, and other lignocellulosic organic debris via peroxidase pathwa ...
... Of interest in environmental biotechnology Fungi: (1) the primary decomposers in the world; (2) decompose a great variety of organic materials that tend to resist bacterial decay (decomposition of lignin, leaves, dead plants and trees, and other lignocellulosic organic debris via peroxidase pathwa ...
Microbial Metabolism Lecture 4
... molecules. One glucose molecule in a eukaryotic cell, such as yourself, will produce 36 ATPs. A prokaryote will produce 38 ATPs. And the reason is that a prokaryote does not have a mitochondria. When pyruvate crosses the mitochondrial membrane it uses energy, so this is the reason why a eukaryotic c ...
... molecules. One glucose molecule in a eukaryotic cell, such as yourself, will produce 36 ATPs. A prokaryote will produce 38 ATPs. And the reason is that a prokaryote does not have a mitochondria. When pyruvate crosses the mitochondrial membrane it uses energy, so this is the reason why a eukaryotic c ...
The amino acids
... • Calculate for each secondary structure type how many amino acids are in that structure type (in % of all amino acids) • Calculate for each amino acid type the distribution across secondary structure types (in % of all amino acids of that type) • Calculate the preference score ...
... • Calculate for each secondary structure type how many amino acids are in that structure type (in % of all amino acids) • Calculate for each amino acid type the distribution across secondary structure types (in % of all amino acids of that type) • Calculate the preference score ...
Chapt 2-9 Practice Problem Answers
... c. Refer to the summary formula for photosynthesis. If you know the number of molecules or moles of any of the reactants used (or products produced), how would you calculate the number of molecules or moles of all of the other reactants needed and products produced? If the formula is balanced and i ...
... c. Refer to the summary formula for photosynthesis. If you know the number of molecules or moles of any of the reactants used (or products produced), how would you calculate the number of molecules or moles of all of the other reactants needed and products produced? If the formula is balanced and i ...
glucose
... • Carboxylation of pyruvate is located in mitochondrial matrix – at the same time it can serve as anaplerotic reaction of citric acid cycle (se lecture citric acid cycle) • Oxaloacetate cannot be transported across mitochondrial membrane – it must be transported in form of malate or aspartate ...
... • Carboxylation of pyruvate is located in mitochondrial matrix – at the same time it can serve as anaplerotic reaction of citric acid cycle (se lecture citric acid cycle) • Oxaloacetate cannot be transported across mitochondrial membrane – it must be transported in form of malate or aspartate ...
Basic course, CDFD: Molecules of Life, 23-Aug-2007
... •Althoughly chemically similar, markedly different effect on the conformation and chemical reactivity •Asp relatively rigid, and found frequently in active sites ...
... •Althoughly chemically similar, markedly different effect on the conformation and chemical reactivity •Asp relatively rigid, and found frequently in active sites ...
Amino Acids
... group so can forms hydrogen bond with H2O. In those amino acids, R may contain: 1- OH group : as in serine, threonine and tyrosine 2- SH group : as in cysteine 3- amide group: as in glutamine and aspargine 4- NH2 group or nitrogen act as a base (basic amino acids ): as lysine, arginine and histidine ...
... group so can forms hydrogen bond with H2O. In those amino acids, R may contain: 1- OH group : as in serine, threonine and tyrosine 2- SH group : as in cysteine 3- amide group: as in glutamine and aspargine 4- NH2 group or nitrogen act as a base (basic amino acids ): as lysine, arginine and histidine ...
N.9 – Metabolic Changes of Drugs and Related
... Oxidation at Aliphatic and Alicyclic Carbon Atoms Alkyl or aliphatic carbon centers are subject to mixed function oxidation. Metabolic oxidation at the terminal methyl group often is referred to as ω-oxidation, and oxidation of the penultimate carbon atom (i.e., next-to-the-last carbon) is called ...
... Oxidation at Aliphatic and Alicyclic Carbon Atoms Alkyl or aliphatic carbon centers are subject to mixed function oxidation. Metabolic oxidation at the terminal methyl group often is referred to as ω-oxidation, and oxidation of the penultimate carbon atom (i.e., next-to-the-last carbon) is called ...
3 BondsMolpH
... common simple forms are glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose. The complex or long-chain forms include starch and cellulose. Lipids are water-fearing molecules that serve in a number of roles in living things. Some lipids store energy and provide insulation (fats and oils, like corn oil), others fo ...
... common simple forms are glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose. The complex or long-chain forms include starch and cellulose. Lipids are water-fearing molecules that serve in a number of roles in living things. Some lipids store energy and provide insulation (fats and oils, like corn oil), others fo ...
Muscle Metabolism - White Plains Public Schools
... This pathway uses oxygen released from myoglobin or delivered in the blood by hemoglobin. When it ends, the oxygen deficit is paid back. ...
... This pathway uses oxygen released from myoglobin or delivered in the blood by hemoglobin. When it ends, the oxygen deficit is paid back. ...
INTRODUCING AMINO ACIDS
... (enantiomers) of an optically active substance like the amino acids. It isn't too difficult to see why that might be. Because the molecules have different spatial arrangements of their various groups, only one of them is likely to fit properly into the active sites on the enzymes they work with. ...
... (enantiomers) of an optically active substance like the amino acids. It isn't too difficult to see why that might be. Because the molecules have different spatial arrangements of their various groups, only one of them is likely to fit properly into the active sites on the enzymes they work with. ...
Molecular Modelling of Copper(II) Complexes with Histidine
... Copper is an essential transition metal usually complexed in metalloproteins and low-molecular-weight complexes with peptides and amino acids in biological fluids. LHistidine was identified as the predominant amino acid bound to copper(II) in the bis(Lhistidinato)copper(II) complex (with imidazole n ...
... Copper is an essential transition metal usually complexed in metalloproteins and low-molecular-weight complexes with peptides and amino acids in biological fluids. LHistidine was identified as the predominant amino acid bound to copper(II) in the bis(Lhistidinato)copper(II) complex (with imidazole n ...
Regulation of Glycolysis
... Because the principle function of glycolysis is to produce ATP, it must be regulated so that ATP is generated only when needed. The enzyme which controls the flux of metabolites through the glycolytic pathway is phosphofructokinase (PFK-1). PFK-1 is an allosteric enzyme that occupies the key regulat ...
... Because the principle function of glycolysis is to produce ATP, it must be regulated so that ATP is generated only when needed. The enzyme which controls the flux of metabolites through the glycolytic pathway is phosphofructokinase (PFK-1). PFK-1 is an allosteric enzyme that occupies the key regulat ...
Lecture Slides
... • DNA resides in cells in long fibers called chromosomes. • A gene is a specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. • The chemical code of DNA must be translated from “nucleic acid language” to “protein language.” ...
... • DNA resides in cells in long fibers called chromosomes. • A gene is a specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. • The chemical code of DNA must be translated from “nucleic acid language” to “protein language.” ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.