Bioconversion Technologies
... A process where heat is the dominant mechanism to convert biomass into another chemical form Three different classes of thermo chemical: Combustion/burning Gasification – convert carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide&hydrogen (syngas) Liquefaction ...
... A process where heat is the dominant mechanism to convert biomass into another chemical form Three different classes of thermo chemical: Combustion/burning Gasification – convert carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide&hydrogen (syngas) Liquefaction ...
Cell Respiration Review 1
... pathways. In some bacteria and muscle cells, pyruvate is converted into such products as (2) ________. In yeast cells it is converted into (3) ________ and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen as the final (4) ________ acceptor that ultimately drives the ATPforming machinery. Anaerob ...
... pathways. In some bacteria and muscle cells, pyruvate is converted into such products as (2) ________. In yeast cells it is converted into (3) ________ and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen as the final (4) ________ acceptor that ultimately drives the ATPforming machinery. Anaerob ...
Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation
... Proteins are important structural materials of the body, including, for example, keratin in skin, collagen and elastin in connective tissues, and muscle proteins. In addition, functional proteins such as enzymes and some hormones regulate an incredible variety of body functions. Whether amino acids ...
... Proteins are important structural materials of the body, including, for example, keratin in skin, collagen and elastin in connective tissues, and muscle proteins. In addition, functional proteins such as enzymes and some hormones regulate an incredible variety of body functions. Whether amino acids ...
CHAP NUM="8" ID="CH
... perform various kinds of work, living cells unavoidably convert other forms of energy to heat. A system can put heat to work only when there is a temperature difference that results in the heat flowing from a warmer location to a cooler one. If temperature is uniform, as it is in a living cell, then ...
... perform various kinds of work, living cells unavoidably convert other forms of energy to heat. A system can put heat to work only when there is a temperature difference that results in the heat flowing from a warmer location to a cooler one. If temperature is uniform, as it is in a living cell, then ...
2-Phospho
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
Cell Function - Austin Community College
... kinds of proteins, many of them are enzymes as an enzyme is needed the gene(s) is (are) activated and the required protein (enzyme) is made ...
... kinds of proteins, many of them are enzymes as an enzyme is needed the gene(s) is (are) activated and the required protein (enzyme) is made ...
Chapter 7 How Cells Make ATP: Energy
... • Many organisms depend on nutrients other than glucose • Products of protein and lipid catabolism enter same metabolic pathways as glucose • Amino acids are deaminated ...
... • Many organisms depend on nutrients other than glucose • Products of protein and lipid catabolism enter same metabolic pathways as glucose • Amino acids are deaminated ...
Nucleotide Metabolism
... Nucleotide Metabolism Proceeds Through de novo and Salvage Pathways Purine Nucleotides are Built de novo Starting with Ribose-5-phosphate PRPP is Made From it and Then it is Aminated Simple Compounds, Such as Amino Acids and 1-Carbon Donors Make the Bases IMP is a Branch Point for Synthesis of GMP a ...
... Nucleotide Metabolism Proceeds Through de novo and Salvage Pathways Purine Nucleotides are Built de novo Starting with Ribose-5-phosphate PRPP is Made From it and Then it is Aminated Simple Compounds, Such as Amino Acids and 1-Carbon Donors Make the Bases IMP is a Branch Point for Synthesis of GMP a ...
RESPIRATION PPT...Campbell Powerpoint presentation
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
histidine and cysteine can enhance the metabolic reaction rates in
... acid and an anticodon, namely the stereochemical theory of the genetic code. I have also shown in a separate letter [3] that not only histidine but other single amino acids such as cysteine, glutamic acid (or aspartic acid), lysine, and tyrosine (and their cognate anticodons, too) can act as the spe ...
... acid and an anticodon, namely the stereochemical theory of the genetic code. I have also shown in a separate letter [3] that not only histidine but other single amino acids such as cysteine, glutamic acid (or aspartic acid), lysine, and tyrosine (and their cognate anticodons, too) can act as the spe ...
Cell Energy: Fermentation
... The fermentation method used by animals and some bacteria like those in yogurt is lactic acid fermentation (Figure 1). This occurs routinely in mammalian red blood cells and in skeletal muscle that has insu cient oxygen supply to allow aerobic respiration to continue (that is, in muscles used to the ...
... The fermentation method used by animals and some bacteria like those in yogurt is lactic acid fermentation (Figure 1). This occurs routinely in mammalian red blood cells and in skeletal muscle that has insu cient oxygen supply to allow aerobic respiration to continue (that is, in muscles used to the ...
Slide 1
... – Pay-off phase!! (Get 28 ATPs) – Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are deposited into ETC to generate ATP by chemiosmosis. – Each NADH = 2.5 ATPs (x10 = 25 ATP) – Each FADH2 = 1.5 ATPs (x2 = 3 ATP) ...
... – Pay-off phase!! (Get 28 ATPs) – Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are deposited into ETC to generate ATP by chemiosmosis. – Each NADH = 2.5 ATPs (x10 = 25 ATP) – Each FADH2 = 1.5 ATPs (x2 = 3 ATP) ...
Week - The University of Sydney
... facility on any day from 9.30 am - 5 pm. Computers may ONLY be used for Biochemistry-specific work. In particular, the printers must NOT be used to print out any material that is not directly connected with your practical class. Students undertaking a practical have priority during class times. What ...
... facility on any day from 9.30 am - 5 pm. Computers may ONLY be used for Biochemistry-specific work. In particular, the printers must NOT be used to print out any material that is not directly connected with your practical class. Students undertaking a practical have priority during class times. What ...
Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Synthesis
... Peptide synthesis can be specific; meaning specific/desired products can be formed. To make unique products and to prevent side reactions, protecting groups such as tert-butyloxycarbonyl (t-Boc) are used. T-Boc is used in the first step of the formation of simple peptides. This protecting group, in ...
... Peptide synthesis can be specific; meaning specific/desired products can be formed. To make unique products and to prevent side reactions, protecting groups such as tert-butyloxycarbonyl (t-Boc) are used. T-Boc is used in the first step of the formation of simple peptides. This protecting group, in ...
Gluconeogenesis
... starvation is mainly amino acid catabolism. Some amino acids are catabolized to pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or precursors of these. Muscle proteins may break down to supply amino acids. These are transported to liver where they are deaminated and converted to gluconeogenesis inputs. Glycerol, derived fr ...
... starvation is mainly amino acid catabolism. Some amino acids are catabolized to pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or precursors of these. Muscle proteins may break down to supply amino acids. These are transported to liver where they are deaminated and converted to gluconeogenesis inputs. Glycerol, derived fr ...
Test 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 – Introduction
... iii. Hydrogen – polar molecules form bonds from slight – and + charges. (Fig. 2.4) d. Chemical reactions i. Reactants Products, reversable ii. Exergonic releases energy while endergonic requires energy iii. Synthesis is a building reaction (anabolism) while decomposition is breaking down (cataboli ...
... iii. Hydrogen – polar molecules form bonds from slight – and + charges. (Fig. 2.4) d. Chemical reactions i. Reactants Products, reversable ii. Exergonic releases energy while endergonic requires energy iii. Synthesis is a building reaction (anabolism) while decomposition is breaking down (cataboli ...
Lab 7 PPT - Dr Magrann
... as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. • ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used in many cellular processes, including muscle contracti ...
... as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. • ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used in many cellular processes, including muscle contracti ...
Lecture PPT
... Pyruvate kinase ADP + Phosphoenol pyruvate Pyruvate + ATP Lactate dehydrogenase Pyruvate + NADH Lactate + NAD+ Follow absorbance change at 340 nm in the spectrophotometer. ...
... Pyruvate kinase ADP + Phosphoenol pyruvate Pyruvate + ATP Lactate dehydrogenase Pyruvate + NADH Lactate + NAD+ Follow absorbance change at 340 nm in the spectrophotometer. ...
Test 1 Study Guide
... C. Water – polarity and size give it unique properties (Fig. 2.4) a. Liquid vs. ice b. Cohesive and adhesive: surface tension. c. Solvent – solutes dissolve in it. (Fig. 2.5) d. Heat sink – resists temperature change. Calorie is defined as energy required to raise 1 ml or g of water 1 oC. Heat is gi ...
... C. Water – polarity and size give it unique properties (Fig. 2.4) a. Liquid vs. ice b. Cohesive and adhesive: surface tension. c. Solvent – solutes dissolve in it. (Fig. 2.5) d. Heat sink – resists temperature change. Calorie is defined as energy required to raise 1 ml or g of water 1 oC. Heat is gi ...
Final Review Study Guide BIOCHEMISTRY Chapter 3 Water and the
... hydrogen atoms as possible are bonded to the carbon skeleton. -most animal fats, stays solid at room temperature. Unsaturated- has one or more double bonds, formed by removal of hydrogen atom from carbon skeleton, a kink forms where there is double bond between carbon atoms. ...
... hydrogen atoms as possible are bonded to the carbon skeleton. -most animal fats, stays solid at room temperature. Unsaturated- has one or more double bonds, formed by removal of hydrogen atom from carbon skeleton, a kink forms where there is double bond between carbon atoms. ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... absorbed by the cells lining the small intestine. {Metabolism of the monosaccharides has already been discussed. The modified monosaccharides that are absorbed from the GI tract are transported to the liver, activated by coupling to UTP, and used in protein and/or sphingolipid biosynthesis.} The sho ...
... absorbed by the cells lining the small intestine. {Metabolism of the monosaccharides has already been discussed. The modified monosaccharides that are absorbed from the GI tract are transported to the liver, activated by coupling to UTP, and used in protein and/or sphingolipid biosynthesis.} The sho ...
Energy
... 6.4 How Do Enzymes Promote Biochemical Reactions? Enzyme structures allow them to catalyze specific reactions (continued) – There are three steps of enzyme catalysis 1. Both the shape and the charge of the active site allow substrates to enter the enzyme only in specific orientations 2. Upon bind ...
... 6.4 How Do Enzymes Promote Biochemical Reactions? Enzyme structures allow them to catalyze specific reactions (continued) – There are three steps of enzyme catalysis 1. Both the shape and the charge of the active site allow substrates to enter the enzyme only in specific orientations 2. Upon bind ...
Metabolism of “surplus” amino acids
... In the fasting state, protein synthesis was 87·2 g over 9 hours, with catabolism of 110·2 g, giving N balance ¼ 223 g; feeding the high carbohydrate diet gave protein synthesis of 131·2 g, catabolism 109·8 g, and N balance ¼ þ21·4 g; feeding the high protein diet gave protein synthesis of 243·9 g, c ...
... In the fasting state, protein synthesis was 87·2 g over 9 hours, with catabolism of 110·2 g, giving N balance ¼ 223 g; feeding the high carbohydrate diet gave protein synthesis of 131·2 g, catabolism 109·8 g, and N balance ¼ þ21·4 g; feeding the high protein diet gave protein synthesis of 243·9 g, c ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.