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slides
slides

A Proof of Cut-Elimination Theorem for U Logic.
A Proof of Cut-Elimination Theorem for U Logic.

The Complete Proof Theory of Hybrid Systems
The Complete Proof Theory of Hybrid Systems

... We take a logical perspective, with which we study the logical foundations of hybrid systems and obtain interesting proof-theoretical relationships in spite of undecidability. We have developed a logic and proof calculus for hybrid systems [Pla08, Pla10b] in which it becomes meaningful to investigat ...
The Complete Proof Theory of Hybrid Systems
The Complete Proof Theory of Hybrid Systems

... is provable2 [18, BFC p. 245] and we also call it B. Axiom V is for vacuous modalities and requires that no free variable of φ (written F V (φ)) is bound by α. The converse holds, but we do not need it. Rule G is Gödel’s necessitation rule for modal logic [18]. Note that, unlike rule G, axiom V cru ...
Label-free Modular Systems for Classical and Intuitionistic Modal
Label-free Modular Systems for Classical and Intuitionistic Modal

Label-free Modular Systems for Classical and Intuitionistic Modal
Label-free Modular Systems for Classical and Intuitionistic Modal

Mathematical Logic Fall 2004 Professor R. Moosa Contents
Mathematical Logic Fall 2004 Professor R. Moosa Contents

here
here

On Equivalent Transformations of Infinitary Formulas under the
On Equivalent Transformations of Infinitary Formulas under the

... To make this claim precise, consider first the result of grounding rule (11) under the assumption that the Herbrand universe C is finite. In accordance with standard practice in ASP, we treat variable X as global and Y as local. Then the result of grounding (11) is the set of ground rules q(a) ← 1{p ...
Robot Morality and Review of classical logic.
Robot Morality and Review of classical logic.

... Suppose your waiter tells you that you can have either rice pilaf or baked potato with your dinner. In such circumstances, he plainly does not mean either rice pilaf or baked potato or both. You have to choose. So this use of “or” doesn’t fit the definition of disjunction given above. ...
Beginning Deductive Logic
Beginning Deductive Logic

Lesson 2-7 Proving Segment Relationships
Lesson 2-7 Proving Segment Relationships

... properties and relationships using counterexample, inductive and deductive reasoning, and paragraph or two-column proof. ...
Lesson 2-7 - Elgin Local Schools
Lesson 2-7 - Elgin Local Schools

pdf file
pdf file

methods of proof
methods of proof

... the real numbers. Although the precise statement of such theorems needs to include a universal quantifier, the standard convention in mathematics is to omit it. For example, the statement “If x > y, where x and y are positive real numbers, then x2 > y2.” really means “For all positive real numbers x ...
The Art of Ordinal Analysis
The Art of Ordinal Analysis

ch1_1
ch1_1

Proof Theory: From Arithmetic to Set Theory
Proof Theory: From Arithmetic to Set Theory

... • The patterns of reasoning described by Stoic logic are the patterns of interconnection between propositions that are completely independent of what those propositions say. • The first known systematic study of logic which involved quantifiers, components such as “for all” and “some”, was carried o ...
Basics in Mathematical Logic 1 Assertions
Basics in Mathematical Logic 1 Assertions

Discrete Mathematics and Logic II. Formal Logic
Discrete Mathematics and Logic II. Formal Logic

... These theorems show that there is no complete, consistent formal system that correctly describes the natural numbers, and that no suciently strong system describing the natural numbers can prove its own consistency. These theorems are widely regarded as showing that Hilbert's program to nd a compl ...
Lecture 10
Lecture 10

1 Introduction 2 Formal logic
1 Introduction 2 Formal logic

... These equivalences show that some operators can be defined in terms of others. For example, by the substitution theorem and the last equivalence above, wherever we write ϕ ∨ ψ we could just as well write ¬ϕ → ψ. In particular, the above equivalences show that every operator can be expressed in terms ...
A SHORT PROOF FOR THE COMPLETENESS OF
A SHORT PROOF FOR THE COMPLETENESS OF

m5zn_8a0e185bfba5c83
m5zn_8a0e185bfba5c83

characterization of classes of frames in modal language
characterization of classes of frames in modal language

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Axiom

An axiom or postulate is a premise or starting point of reasoning. As classically conceived, an axiom is a premise so evident as to be accepted as true without controversy.The word comes from the Greek axíōma (ἀξίωμα) 'that which is thought worthy or fit' or 'that which commends itself as evident.' As used in modern logic, an axiom is simply a premise or starting point for reasoning. What it means for an axiom, or any mathematical statement, to be ""true"" is a central question in the philosophy of mathematics, with modern mathematicians holding a multitude of different opinions.In mathematics, the term axiom is used in two related but distinguishable senses: ""logical axioms"" and ""non-logical axioms"". Logical axioms are usually statements that are taken to be true within the system of logic they define (e.g., (A and B) implies A), while non-logical axioms (e.g., a + b = b + a) are actually substantive assertions about the elements of the domain of a specific mathematical theory (such as arithmetic). When used in the latter sense, ""axiom,"" ""postulate"", and ""assumption"" may be used interchangeably. In general, a non-logical axiom is not a self-evident truth, but rather a formal logical expression used in deduction to build a mathematical theory. As modern mathematics admits multiple, equally ""true"" systems of logic, precisely the same thing must be said for logical axioms - they both define and are specific to the particular system of logic that is being invoked. To axiomatize a system of knowledge is to show that its claims can be derived from a small, well-understood set of sentences (the axioms). There are typically multiple ways to axiomatize a given mathematical domain.In both senses, an axiom is any mathematical statement that serves as a starting point from which other statements are logically derived. Within the system they define, axioms (unless redundant) cannot be derived by principles of deduction, nor are they demonstrable by mathematical proofs, simply because they are starting points; there is nothing else from which they logically follow otherwise they would be classified as theorems. However, an axiom in one system may be a theorem in another, and vice versa.
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