Light shining through walls
... extra dimensions are shrunk into our three dimensional world. This process is called compactification. There are many ways of compactifying string theory (this research field is very lively) and the outcome can be very different. However, it seems to be a common feature of realistic compactification ...
... extra dimensions are shrunk into our three dimensional world. This process is called compactification. There are many ways of compactifying string theory (this research field is very lively) and the outcome can be very different. However, it seems to be a common feature of realistic compactification ...
Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach
... may provide an exponential advantage over “classical” computational models such as probabilistic and deterministic Turing machines. In this chapter we survey the basic principles of quantum computation and some of the important algorithms in this model. One important reason to study quantum computer ...
... may provide an exponential advantage over “classical” computational models such as probabilistic and deterministic Turing machines. In this chapter we survey the basic principles of quantum computation and some of the important algorithms in this model. One important reason to study quantum computer ...
ap physics b
... interactions. Kinetic energy can be conserved or not conserved. If Kinetic energy is conserved, then we have an elastic collision. Momentum will always be conserved. o Inelastic: In these collisions only momentum is conserved ...
... interactions. Kinetic energy can be conserved or not conserved. If Kinetic energy is conserved, then we have an elastic collision. Momentum will always be conserved. o Inelastic: In these collisions only momentum is conserved ...
POLYNOMIAL-TIME ALGORITHMS FOR PRIME FACTORIZATION
... device; that is, it is believed able to simulate any physical computing device with an increase in computation time by at most a polynomial factor. This may not be true when quantum mechanics is taken into consideration. This paper considers factoring integers and nding discrete logarithms, two pro ...
... device; that is, it is believed able to simulate any physical computing device with an increase in computation time by at most a polynomial factor. This may not be true when quantum mechanics is taken into consideration. This paper considers factoring integers and nding discrete logarithms, two pro ...
Brownian functionals in Physics and Computer Science
... THE year 2005 marks the centenary of the publication of three remarkable papers by Einstein, one on Brownian motion1, one on special relativity2, and the other one on the photoelectric effect and light quanta3. Each of them made a revolution on its own. In particular, his paper on Brownian motion (a ...
... THE year 2005 marks the centenary of the publication of three remarkable papers by Einstein, one on Brownian motion1, one on special relativity2, and the other one on the photoelectric effect and light quanta3. Each of them made a revolution on its own. In particular, his paper on Brownian motion (a ...
Diamagnetism and flux creep in bilayer exciton superfluids P. R. Eastham,
... to an in-plane field at zero temperature. We will see that the disordered system has a different diamagnetic response from the clean system. It does not have a commensurateincommensurate transition controlled by an intrinsic length scale λJ [see Eq. (8)]. Instead, we find a saturation phenomenon for ...
... to an in-plane field at zero temperature. We will see that the disordered system has a different diamagnetic response from the clean system. It does not have a commensurateincommensurate transition controlled by an intrinsic length scale λJ [see Eq. (8)]. Instead, we find a saturation phenomenon for ...
Quantum Gravity : Motivations and Alternatives 1
... Quantum Mechanics –, together with the already existing empirical data that confirmed these theories, are still the only concrete elements that constitute a reasonable starting point for the different attempts to construct a theory of Quantum Gravity, intended to get over their mutual conceptual inc ...
... Quantum Mechanics –, together with the already existing empirical data that confirmed these theories, are still the only concrete elements that constitute a reasonable starting point for the different attempts to construct a theory of Quantum Gravity, intended to get over their mutual conceptual inc ...
Electron transport, interaction and spin in graphene and graphene nanoribbons Artsem Shylau
... disorder. In contrast, the edges states are found to be very robust to the disorder. Our calculations show that the edge states can not be easily suppressed and survive even in the case of strong spin-flip scattering. In paper V we study the effect of spatially correlated distribution of impurities on ...
... disorder. In contrast, the edges states are found to be very robust to the disorder. Our calculations show that the edge states can not be easily suppressed and survive even in the case of strong spin-flip scattering. In paper V we study the effect of spatially correlated distribution of impurities on ...
Chapter 5 Harmonic Oscillator and Coherent States
... can for now reveal that they are proportional to a product of the ground state and a family of functions, the so-called Hermite polynomials Hn . The wave functions thus form a ladder of alternating even and odd energy states, see Fig. 5.1, which are each separated by a quantum of energy ~ω, i.e. equ ...
... can for now reveal that they are proportional to a product of the ground state and a family of functions, the so-called Hermite polynomials Hn . The wave functions thus form a ladder of alternating even and odd energy states, see Fig. 5.1, which are each separated by a quantum of energy ~ω, i.e. equ ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.