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(a) (b)
(a) (b)

... The body cells of this rodent are tetraploid (4n). Apparently, one extra chromosome (as in Down Syndrome)disrupts genetic balance more than does an entire set of chromosome. ...
Initiation of recombination suppression and PAR formation during
Initiation of recombination suppression and PAR formation during

... chromosomes, which is positively correlated with recombination activity [12, 13]. We also estimated the frequency of nucleotide substitutions associated with the G+C content in the neo-sex chromosomes comparing to the corresponding autosomes in mouse and rat, which are the most closely related spec ...
Genetic diversity in natural populations: a - Université Paris-Sud
Genetic diversity in natural populations: a - Université Paris-Sud

... where specificity to pathogen effectors or other intracellular targets is located. This LRR region can also be found in other R-genes coding for membrane receptors [13]. Some of these genes have been identified by the study of resistant/susceptible phenotypes of plants to pathogen strains, but many ...
mart
mart

... is a catalog of genetic loci that connects curated sequence information to official nomenclature. It replaced LocusLink. • UniGene defines sequence clusters. UniGene focuses on protein-coding genes of the nuclear genome (excluding rRNA and mitochondrial sequences). ...
Polygenic inheritance of fruit size in red pepper
Polygenic inheritance of fruit size in red pepper

... which actions of the polygenes can toe determined. As the ntxmtoer of genes affecting a polygenic character is large, it is impossitole to single them out individually, A suggestion for simplifiestion would toe to study then in small groups if grouping is feasible on biologic*1 toases. Powers (1941) ...
Investigation 9: Genetic Variation
Investigation 9: Genetic Variation

... genetics code. The alleles for legs are aa, the alleles for eye color are Ee, the alleles for fur pattern are FF, and the alleles for tail shape are tt. • The combination of alleles in an organism’s chromosomes is the organism’s genotype. The genotype lists the paired alleles that are particular to ...
Causes, consequences and solutions of
Causes, consequences and solutions of

... likelihood (ML) or maximum parsimony (MP) trees. In a similar study, Kopp and True [12] also reported that single-gene datasets of Drosophila melanogaster species group produce several strongly supported conflicting clades, which were also consistently seen in combined analyses. Lack of resolution i ...
Genes Critical for Muscle Development and Function in
Genes Critical for Muscle Development and Function in

... The X-linked mutationpat-9(st558) was shown to be included in duplications mnDpl and mnDp8 by the viability of hemizygous males with the genotypes mnL~l/+ I; pat-9(st558)/OX and mnDpS/+ I~pat-9(st558)/OX, respectively. These genotypes were verified by mating the males with N2 wild-type hermaphrodite ...
AllBio_DJK
AllBio_DJK

... A_87_P014348 ...
The Discovery of Transposition
The Discovery of Transposition

... aware that Ds could move. In her Carnegie Yearbook report for 1947-48 (1474), the simple statement appears: "It is now known that the Ds locus may change its position in the chromosome after such coincidental [chromosome] breaks have occurred." This statement is followed by a brief summary of the ob ...
Vegetative incompatibility in filamentous fungi: Podospora and
Vegetative incompatibility in filamentous fungi: Podospora and

... correlated with the existence of genomic rearrangements in the region in which the het gene is located [14•,19]. These rearrangements might favour the accumulation of polymorphism by suppressing recombination at these loci. To understand the biological significance of heterokaryon incompatibility, i ...
Mechanisms of Notch Signaling Potentiating Survival During
Mechanisms of Notch Signaling Potentiating Survival During

controlling flowering time and plant height in
controlling flowering time and plant height in

... et a!. (1993). However, in many cases the traits vary quantitatively suggesting that they are controlled by many genes. Molecular marker maps, usually based on RFLPs, have been widely used to map quantitative trait loci ...
Chpt15_PosNegCntrl.doc
Chpt15_PosNegCntrl.doc

... The binding site can be synthesized as duplex oligonucleotides. These are ligated together to form multimers, which are then attached to a solid substrate in a column. The desired DNAbinding protein can then be isolated by affinity chromatography, using the binding site in DNA as the affinity ligand ...
A Bayesian analysis of the chromosome architecture of
A Bayesian analysis of the chromosome architecture of

... nodes correspond to disorders and two disorders are connected if there is at least one disease gene that is co-associated with both disorders. Formally, both networks can be easily constructed from the DISEASOME. In the meanwhile there are various applications of the DISEASOME that studied in detail ...
A systematic screen for tube morphogenesis and branching genes in the Drosophila tracheal system. PLoS Genetics 7: e1002087.
A systematic screen for tube morphogenesis and branching genes in the Drosophila tracheal system. PLoS Genetics 7: e1002087.

... chemically-induced mutations for tracheal morphogenesis defects in embryos and larval tracheal and air sac primordium clones have been conducted [34,35,36] along with more targeted genetic and genomic screens for genes that are expressed or function downstream of some of the key early signaling path ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... • The early genes transcribed by host RNA polymerase following infection include, or comprise, regulators required for expression of the middle set of phage genes. • The middle group of genes includes regulators to transcribe the late genes. • This results in the ordered expression of groups of gene ...
Accelerated Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in
Accelerated Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in

... set of autosomes and one of their X chromosomes to the progeny during sexual reproduction, we predict similar effective population sizes for X chromosome and autosomes (i.e., NeA 5 NeX), and so an X:A diversity ratio equal to one (this hypothesis is validated by simulations in the present study). He ...
Isolation and characterization of Viviparous
Isolation and characterization of Viviparous

... (Humphreys and Noll, 2002). Producers suffer great losses when wheat damaged by sprouting is sold at a discount; millers are faced with reduced flour yields and bakers encounter problems in processing and quality due to starch damage (Derera et al., 1977; Lenton, 2001). A number of genes and QTLs in ...
PDF
PDF

... are not changed dramatically by the Ma-zenRNAi fate shift (Rafiqi et al., 2008). In contrast, in Tribolium the dorsal side of the egg is first covered by the serosa and only later in wild type development is the amnion pulled dorsally when the serosa contracts (Panfilio et al., 2013). How can Tribol ...
Two ParaHox genes, SpLox and SpCdx, interact to
Two ParaHox genes, SpLox and SpCdx, interact to

... been used to study embryological processes at many levels, from mechanisms of fertilization (e.g. Briggs and Wessel, 2006; Parrington et al., 2007) to gastrulation (e.g. Ettensohn, 1984; Hardin, 1996) and cell specification (e.g. pigment cells) (Calestani et al., 2003). In the recent era of molecula ...
Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... Behavior of a Chromosome Pair • In one experiment, Morgan mated male flies with white eyes (mutant) with female flies with red eyes (wild type) – The F1 generation all had red eyes – The F2 generation showed the 3:1 red:white ...
Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... If these two genes were on different chromosomes, the alleles from the F1 dihybrid would sort into gametes independently, and we would expect to see equal numbers of the four types of offspring. If these two genes were on the same chromosome, we would expect each allele combination, B+ vg+ and b vg, ...
Chp. 15
Chp. 15

... inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes: Scientific inquiry  The first solid evidence associating a specific gene with a specific chromosome came in the early 20th century from the work of Thomas Hunt Morgan  These early experiments provided convincing evidence that the c ...
Genes for two multicopper proteins required for Fe(III) oxide
Genes for two multicopper proteins required for Fe(III) oxide

... optimal Fe(III) reduction in G. sulfurreducens, which has provided insights into the mechanisms for extracellular electron transfer in this organism (Butler et al., 2004; DiDonato et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2005, 2006; Leang et al., 2003; Lloyd et al., 2003; Mehta et al., 2005; Shelobolina et al., 20 ...
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Minimal genome

The concept of minimal genome assumes that genomes can be reduced to a bare minimum, given that they contain many non-essential genes of limited or situational importance to the organism. Therefore, if a collection of all the essential genes were put together, a minimum genome could be created artificially in a stable environment. By adding more genes, the creation of an organism of desired properties is possible. The concept of minimal genome arose from the observations that many genes do not appear to be necessary for survival. In order to create a new organism a scientist must determine the minimal set of genes required for metabolism and replication. This can be achieved by experimental and computational analysis of the biochemical pathways needed to carry out basic metabolism and reproduction. A good model for a minimal genome is Mycoplasma genitalium, the organism with the smallest known genome. Most genes that are used by this organism are usually considered essential for survival; based on this concept a minimal set of 256 genes has been proposed.
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