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12q14 microdeletions
12q14 microdeletions

... birth. There is information available on ten pregnancies of mothers carrying a baby with a 12q14 microdeletion. Four had no pregnancy problems and no unusual findings on ultrasound scans. Three babies had intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). This is a term used to describe babies whose growth in ...
Target selected insertional mutagenesis on chromosome IV of
Target selected insertional mutagenesis on chromosome IV of

... Fig. 1. Schematic representation of three-dimensional pooling and PCR strategies. A small population of 960 I element containing Arabidopsis lines was divided over 10 blocks (trays) and each block contained 96 plants (8 rows and 12 columns). Inflorescence material of every plant in the population wa ...
Course Descriptions - Syracuse Biology
Course Descriptions - Syracuse Biology

... experimental laboratory or field research project. Bio 460 replaces the use of independent study or experience credit courses for research purposes. Student research projects will incorporate use of the scientific method, experimentation, data analysis, data presentation and interpretation, and the ...
Supplementary Table Legends
Supplementary Table Legends

... Supplementary Table 2. Complete listing of high probability, protein-coding somatic mutations detected by RNA-seq in CRPC samples. Mutations are classified as either a nonsense or missense single nucleotide variant (SNV) or as a >1 base insertion (INS) or deletion (DEL). The gene symbol and Genbank ...
Genomic overview of serine proteases
Genomic overview of serine proteases

... The tryptase cluster of serine proteases is located on the short arm of chromosome 16 (16p13.4) with all genes transcribed from centromere to telomere (except tryptase delta 1 which runs on the opposite direction) (Fig. 3B). Genes in this locus are tightly clustered (distances between genes are as s ...
Microarray data normalization and transformation
Microarray data normalization and transformation

... us assume that the arrayed elements represent a random sampling of the genes in the organism. This point is important because we will also assume that the arrayed elements randomly interrogate the two RNA samples. If the arrayed genes are selected to represent only those we know will change, then we ...
Debunking Key and Lock Biology: Exploring the prevalence and
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... 23- Sexual reproduction leads to genetic drift because ... Answer a- there is randomness associated with finding a mate. b- not all alleles are passed from parent to offspring. c- it is associated with an increase in mutation rate. d- it produces new combinations of alleles. NA- No answer 24- How is ...
Homeotic genes controlling flower development in Antirrhinum
Homeotic genes controlling flower development in Antirrhinum

... in the whorls). Similar classes of genes are observed in Arabidopsis (Bowman et al. 1989; Haughn and Sommerville, 1988; see also Meyerowitz et al. this volume), suggesting that the mechanisms controlling whorl identity have been highly conserved in evolution. It remains to be directly demonstrated, ...
Supplementary Information (doc 408K)
Supplementary Information (doc 408K)

... stages: The first stage was obtaining approvals from all of the IRBs of the hospitals participating in this study for (1) recruiting the proband and trio family, and the data and sample collections, and for (2) the approval of the content of the informed consent documents for both the proband and th ...
Package `fcros`
Package `fcros`

... function fcros2() performs a pairwise comparison of samples from each table to obtain fold changes. The fold changes are sorted, their rank values are combined and then used to associate statistic with genes/probes. The function to use with a dataset from two biological condition samples. The datase ...
Ambiguity aversion and familiarity bias
Ambiguity aversion and familiarity bias

... Its 7-repeat allele is known for contributing to individual differences in economic risk-taking (Dreber et al. 2009; Kuhnen and Chiao 2009; Carpenter et al. 2011; Dreber et al. 2011). Additionally, this gene along with DRD5 has been robustly associated by meta-analyses with ADHD. However, there is e ...
We need an optimality criterion to choose a best estimate (tree
We need an optimality criterion to choose a best estimate (tree

... will also be too variable to analyze. It may even approach a random distribution! • Therefore, what is really needed is a gene which evolves at a rate that provides a good balance between conservation and variation. Or better yet, resolve splits of different ages by sequencing more than one gene ...
Introduction to Genetic Algorithms
Introduction to Genetic Algorithms

... a set of feasible solutions Introduction to Genetic Algorithms ...
Mating ecology explains patterns of genome elimination
Mating ecology explains patterns of genome elimination

... gene copies into future generations) than instances of alternative alleles in the population. That is, dW=dgjg¼g [ 0, where W is expected relative fitness, g is genetic predisposition for GE, and g is the population frequency of GE (Taylor & Frank 1996). A zygote’s expected fitness depends on its ...
Genes - Gerstein Lab Publications
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... Intronic pseudogenes are pseudogenes that are contained completely within a single intron. A substantial fraction of G is estimated to be intronic (39%) (Table 1). Interestingly, there is no preference for sense or antisense alignment for an intronic pseudogene relative to the exons of the surround ...
Genes for Two Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins in
Genes for Two Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins in

... Often during flowering plant evolution, ribosomal protein genes have been lost from the mitochondrion and transferred to the nucleus. Here, we show that substitution by a duplicated, divergent gene originally encoding the chloroplast or cytosolic ribosomal protein counterpart accounts for two missin ...
Genetics Questions - G. Holmes Braddock
Genetics Questions - G. Holmes Braddock

... ____ 18. Use Figure 11–3 to answer the following question. If a pea plant that is heterozygous for round, yellow peas (RrYy) is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous for round peas but heterozygous for yellow peas (RRYy), how many different phenotypes are their offspring expected to show? a. 2 ...
Name Introduction to Genetics Genetics: I. Genes and
Name Introduction to Genetics Genetics: I. Genes and

... A. Mendel needed to answer one more question: When alleles are being segregated during gamete formation, does the segregation of one pair alleles have any affect on the segregation of a different pair of alleles? In other words, does the gene that determines if a pea plant is tall or dwarf have any ...
This Curriculum Map Unit has no Topics to display
This Curriculum Map Unit has no Topics to display

... This section will help the students learn about the characteristics of living things. It will also describe the basic nutrient needs of living things and describe some of the molecules cells use for energy and for passing on information. ...
Genetics of Bacteriophage P22. II. Gene Order and Gene Function.
Genetics of Bacteriophage P22. II. Gene Order and Gene Function.

... A complete genetic map of the temperate Salmonella phage P22 has been constructed using a variety of methods. The map is circular, about 100 map units (percent recombination) in length, and shows clustering of related functions. The map order by function closely resembles the order reported for the ...
variation in the strength and softness of selection on
variation in the strength and softness of selection on

... the number of eggs transferred to a vial was ε, which is a random variate, rounded to the nearest integer, from a normal distribution with mean equal to the intended number of eggs μ and a standard deviation of 0.05μ. (This value for the standard deviation was guesstimated based on our experience in ...
Risks from GMOs due to Horizontal Gene Transfer
Risks from GMOs due to Horizontal Gene Transfer

... Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the stable transfer of genetic material from one organism to another without reproduction or human intervention. Transfer occurs by the passage of donor genetic material across cellular boundaries, followed by heritable incorporation to the genome of the recipient o ...
Neutral and Non-Neutral Evolution of Duplicated Genes with Gene
Neutral and Non-Neutral Evolution of Duplicated Genes with Gene

... positive correlation between the duration of concerted evolution and the gene expression level was found, but not with other factors such as amino acid substitution rates, and they proposed that selection works to maintain the process of gene conversion in duplicated genes in which higher dosage is ...
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception SW
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception SW

... information is critical to our survival, there is so much information available at any given time that we would be overwhelmed if we were forced to attend to all of it. In fact, we are aware of only a fraction of the sensory information taken in by our sensory systems at any given time. This chapter ...
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information

... CpG dinucleotide, along with its relative distance to the transcription start site and the oligomer DNA sequences are provided. Finally, the CpG island status of the genomic locus containing each CpG dinucleotide is measured using a relaxed version of the Takai and Jones CpG Island criteria – althou ...
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Biology and consumer behaviour

Consumer behaviour is the study of the motivations surrounding a purchase of a product or service. It has been linked to the field of psychology, sociology and economics in attempts to analyse when, why, where and how people purchase in the way that they do. However, little literature has considered the link between our consumption behaviour and the basics of our being, our biology. Segmentation by biological driven demographics such as sex and age are already popular and pervasive in marketing. As more knowledge and research is known, targeting based on a consumers biology is of growing interest and use to marketers.As human machines being made up of cells controlled by our brain to influence aspects of our behaviour, there must be some influence of biology on our consumer behaviour and how we purchase as well. The nature versus nurture debate is at the core of how much biology influences these buying decisions, because it argues the extent to which biological factors influence what we do, and how much is reflected through environmental factors. Neuromarketing is of interest to marketers in measuring the reaction of stimulus to marketing. Even though we know there is a reaction, the question of why we consume the way we do still lingers, but it is a step in the right direction. Biology helps to understand consumer behaviour as it influences consumption and aids in the measurement of it.Lawson and Wooliscroft (2004) drew the link between human nature and the marketing concept, not explicitly biology, where they considered the contrasting views of Hobbes and Rousseau on mankind. Hobbes believed man had a self-serving nature whereas Rousseau was more forgiving towards the nature of man, suggesting them to be noble and dignified. Hobbes saw the need for a governing intermediary to control this selfish nature which provided a basis for the exchange theory, and also links to Mcgregor’s Theory of X and Y, relevant to management literature. He also considered cooperation and competition, relevant to game theory as an explanation of man’s motives and can be used for understanding the exercising of power in marketing channels. Pinker outlines why the nature debate has been suppressed by the nurture debate in his book The Blank Slate.
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