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Vegetative incompatibility in filamentous fungi: Podospora and
Vegetative incompatibility in filamentous fungi: Podospora and

... lytic process or else severely inhibited in their growth (Figure 1). This phenomenon is referred to as vegetative, somatic or heterokaryon incompatibility [1–4]. Incompatibility is caused by genetic differences between the two individuals at particular loci, called het or vic loci (for heterokaryon ...
Insights into three whole-genome duplications gleaned
Insights into three whole-genome duplications gleaned

... caudatum and the P. aurelia species, a substantial degree of local synteny remains (Figure 2). We were able to align 5,781 P. caudatum genes with all 12 of their syntenic aurelia orthologs (when present), which includes 10,907 P. biaurelia, 10,970 P. tetraurelia, and 10,024 P. sexaurelia genes (File ...
lesson #1
lesson #1

... IE:DAD IS HOMOZYGOUS TALL; MOM IS SHORT. TALL IS DOMINANT ...
The Use of Environmental and Ethical Claims, etc., in Marketing
The Use of Environmental and Ethical Claims, etc., in Marketing

... preliminary information’ by which the Consumer Ombudsman explains how the marketing rules are to be interpreted in relation to specific fields. This Guidance contains the requirements which, as a principal rule, may apply to the marketing of environmental and ethical claims, etc, according to the Co ...
Genetics Homework Packet
Genetics Homework Packet

... 14. Another marker, Rh factor, is also used to type blood because it, too, is found on human red blood cells and causes antigen/antibody reactions. These reactions are separate from the so-called ABO reactions described in this activity. In the Rh-factor system, the Rh antigen is either present or a ...
Increased carrier prevalence of deficient CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and
Increased carrier prevalence of deficient CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and

... Adverse drug events are also common (50 per 1000 person years) among ambulatory patients, particularly the elderly on multiple medications. The 38% of events classified as ‘serious’ are also the most preventable [19] . It is now clear that virtually every pathway of drug metabolism, transport and ac ...
physical maps
physical maps

... significant portions of at least three races. Range of polymorphisms within a race can be much greater than the range of differences between any two individuals of different races. Very few genes are race specific. Genetically, humans are a single race. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Pe ...
Predicting Cancer Susceptibility from Single-Nucleotide
Predicting Cancer Susceptibility from Single-Nucleotide

... we will use an ML or statistical modeling algorithm to construct a classifier, or model, based upon all of the SNP data that were collected. The accuracy of the model at predicting the class (e.g., susceptible vs. not susceptible) will then be estimated using cross-validation. If the accuracy of the ...
An Infectious Topic in Reticulate Evolution: Introgression
An Infectious Topic in Reticulate Evolution: Introgression

... interest because host or parasite hybridization may impact host resistance/susceptibility or parasite infectivity, virulence, transmission, or host specificity. The first major synthesis of the role of hybridization in host-parasite interactions was presented in a review by Fritz et al. [4], and an ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... More About Traits • Incomplete Dominance Researchers have found that sometimes one trait is not completely dominant over another. • One Gene, Many Traits Sometimes one gene influences more than one trait. • Many Genes, One Trait Some traits, such as the color of your skin, hair, and eyes, are the re ...
Structural maintenance of chromosome complexes and bone
Structural maintenance of chromosome complexes and bone

... correct expression of genes depends on both cis- and trans-regulatory elements. Of these, the elusive role of chromatin ultrastructure is just beginning to become appreciated. Changes in the higher-order structure of chromatin are affecting the expression of genes in response to intrinsic and enviro ...
The role of variable DNA tandem repeats in bacterial adaptation
The role of variable DNA tandem repeats in bacterial adaptation

... genome shows significant differences in coding and noncoding regions. Because bacterial genomes are more compact than those of eukaryotes, they have comparatively more intragenic than intergenic SSRs. For example, in Escherichia coli K-12, 79.5% of SSRs locate in coding regions (Gur-Arie et al., 200 ...
Journal of Molecular Biology
Journal of Molecular Biology

... (Garen & Echols. 1962: Wanner B LatterelI. 1980). The phoM gene product acts as an activator that can partially replace tIhe activator function of the phoR gene product’ (Wanner & Latterell, 1980). In addition, mutations in any of the genes phoS, ph,oT or pst result in t,he constibut)ivc synthesis o ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... These data support the idea that twist genes were ancestrally involved in mesoderm differentiation. The absence of Pv-twi in the second mesodermal source, the endomesoderm, suggests that also other genes must be involved in lophotrochozoan mesoderm differentiation. It therefore remains a question if ...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

... making an individual person. The genes are arranged in pairs (one of the pair from each parent) on 23 chromosomes. ...
Caenorhabditis elegans chromosome arms are anchored to the
Caenorhabditis elegans chromosome arms are anchored to the

... Background: Although Caenorhabditis elegans was the first multicellular organism with a completely sequenced genome, how this genome is arranged within the nucleus is not known. Results: We determined the genomic regions associated with the nuclear transmembrane protein LEM-2 in mixedstage C. elegan ...
Constitutive Mutations of the Saccharomyces
Constitutive Mutations of the Saccharomyces

... We report the sequenceof several MALactivator genes, including inducible, constitutive, and noninducible alleles of MAL23, MAL43, MAL63, and ma164. Constitutive alleles of MAL23 and MAL43 vary considerably from inducible alleles in their C-terminal domain, with many of the alterations clustered and ...
GENETICS PROBLEM AP
GENETICS PROBLEM AP

... 39. Aniridia is a type of blindness that is due to a dominant allele (A). Hemophilia is a disease in which the blood does not clot properly and it results from a sex linked recessive allele. A non-hemophiliac man who is blind from aniridia but whose mother was not blind marries a non-hemophili ...
Genetic control of age-related gene expression and complex traits in
Genetic control of age-related gene expression and complex traits in

... neurodegenerative diseases have onsets that are typically late in life and whose risk could be affected by loci that control transcription over aging. The aging human brain is also interesting in light of theories of human evolution, such as the idea that neoteny, or developmental delay, may play a ...
Supplementary material for “Modularity in the genetic
Supplementary material for “Modularity in the genetic

... genes in a phenotype module are functionally similar in section 3.4. The result indicates that phenotype modules may be used to infer the genetic foundations of phenotypes without known genes. In short, the results indicate that the phenotypic similarity network can not only provide a computational ...
The American Naturalist
The American Naturalist

... not the variance component due to males (cf. eqq. [5], [6]). This is interesting, because in such cases, males have more to gain from mate choice in terms of indirect genetic benefits than do females. Also note that nongenetic maternal effects on offspring performance are commonly very large, and th ...
How Neuroscience Predicts The Spontaneous Remission Of Addiction
How Neuroscience Predicts The Spontaneous Remission Of Addiction

... heroin far less attractive to the mature brain of the 25 year old than they were to the sensationseeking adolescent brain of the 16 year old. Dr. Laurence Steinberg and colleagues (2008) studied 935 subjects between the ages of 10 and 30 and found that scores on sensation-seeking, risk preference, a ...
THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON THE VARIATION DUE TO
THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON THE VARIATION DUE TO

... where in is the mean of all crosses, ai, aj are the general combining abilities of the ith and jth lines and aij is the interaction term, the special combining ability. The term ‘‘ top-cross ” refers to the crosses made between a line and a sample of individuals from the random-bred population. The ...
FACT SHEET 88 8 AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE INHERITANCE— Traditional patterns of inheritance 1
FACT SHEET 88 8 AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE INHERITANCE— Traditional patterns of inheritance 1

... Where there is generally no effect on a person’s health or development from carrying a faulty copy of a gene the mutation is described as being recessive Individuals who are ‘carriers’ of a faulty autosomal recessive gene for a particular condition are genetic carriers for the condition; they do not ...
Genotype Discrimination: The complex case for some legislative protection. Henry T. Greely. 149 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1483 (May 2001)
Genotype Discrimination: The complex case for some legislative protection. Henry T. Greely. 149 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1483 (May 2001)

... Genetic discrimination also seems unlikely in employment decisions. For many traits genetic tests are not going to add to information an employer can already get about an employee or job applicant. Any speculative genetic evidence of predisposition to intelligence, good judgment, dedication, and pun ...
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Biology and consumer behaviour

Consumer behaviour is the study of the motivations surrounding a purchase of a product or service. It has been linked to the field of psychology, sociology and economics in attempts to analyse when, why, where and how people purchase in the way that they do. However, little literature has considered the link between our consumption behaviour and the basics of our being, our biology. Segmentation by biological driven demographics such as sex and age are already popular and pervasive in marketing. As more knowledge and research is known, targeting based on a consumers biology is of growing interest and use to marketers.As human machines being made up of cells controlled by our brain to influence aspects of our behaviour, there must be some influence of biology on our consumer behaviour and how we purchase as well. The nature versus nurture debate is at the core of how much biology influences these buying decisions, because it argues the extent to which biological factors influence what we do, and how much is reflected through environmental factors. Neuromarketing is of interest to marketers in measuring the reaction of stimulus to marketing. Even though we know there is a reaction, the question of why we consume the way we do still lingers, but it is a step in the right direction. Biology helps to understand consumer behaviour as it influences consumption and aids in the measurement of it.Lawson and Wooliscroft (2004) drew the link between human nature and the marketing concept, not explicitly biology, where they considered the contrasting views of Hobbes and Rousseau on mankind. Hobbes believed man had a self-serving nature whereas Rousseau was more forgiving towards the nature of man, suggesting them to be noble and dignified. Hobbes saw the need for a governing intermediary to control this selfish nature which provided a basis for the exchange theory, and also links to Mcgregor’s Theory of X and Y, relevant to management literature. He also considered cooperation and competition, relevant to game theory as an explanation of man’s motives and can be used for understanding the exercising of power in marketing channels. Pinker outlines why the nature debate has been suppressed by the nurture debate in his book The Blank Slate.
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