- University of Bath Opus
... genomes evolve through time and how they change in response to selective pressures are long standing questions in genomics and evolutionary biology. By analysing genome sequences in relation to functional variables such as gene expression patterns or functional annotations, numerous studies have bui ...
... genomes evolve through time and how they change in response to selective pressures are long standing questions in genomics and evolutionary biology. By analysing genome sequences in relation to functional variables such as gene expression patterns or functional annotations, numerous studies have bui ...
Document
... KEY CONCEPT Genes encode proteins that produce a diverse range of traits. A gene is a segment of DNA that tells the cell how to make a particular polypeptide. The location of a gene on a chromosome is called a locus. A gene has the same locus on both chromosomes in a pair of homologous chromosomes. ...
... KEY CONCEPT Genes encode proteins that produce a diverse range of traits. A gene is a segment of DNA that tells the cell how to make a particular polypeptide. The location of a gene on a chromosome is called a locus. A gene has the same locus on both chromosomes in a pair of homologous chromosomes. ...
Relative Paucity of Genes Causing Inviability in Hybrids
... if homozygous for an X chromosome from one species, or that both sexes of hybrid might become inviable if a segment of autosome were made homozygous in a genetic background otherwise heterozygous for genes from both species. Another question that has intrigued evolutionists is which form of postzygo ...
... if homozygous for an X chromosome from one species, or that both sexes of hybrid might become inviable if a segment of autosome were made homozygous in a genetic background otherwise heterozygous for genes from both species. Another question that has intrigued evolutionists is which form of postzygo ...
Genetic suppression
... only amber suppressors have been recovered. Early work identified two suppressor loci, sup-5 and sup-7, which could act to suppress certain mutations in a wide variety of genes (Waterston and Brenner, 1978; Waterston, 1981). These were subsequently shown to be amber suppressor mutations of two Trp t ...
... only amber suppressors have been recovered. Early work identified two suppressor loci, sup-5 and sup-7, which could act to suppress certain mutations in a wide variety of genes (Waterston and Brenner, 1978; Waterston, 1981). These were subsequently shown to be amber suppressor mutations of two Trp t ...
Japanese morning glory dusky mutants displaying reddish
... expressed. We have also identified the dusky mutations of I. nil in the gene encoding the In3GGT enzyme and discussed the possible origin of the spontaneous dusky mutations. We subsequently examined the mode of expression of the In3GGT gene in I. nil plants and showed the conversion of cyanidin 3-O- ...
... expressed. We have also identified the dusky mutations of I. nil in the gene encoding the In3GGT enzyme and discussed the possible origin of the spontaneous dusky mutations. We subsequently examined the mode of expression of the In3GGT gene in I. nil plants and showed the conversion of cyanidin 3-O- ...
Genetic tradeâ•`offs and conditional neutrality
... This approach can easily be generalized to different fitness components (e.g. survivorship, fruit or seed set, etc.) or episodes of selection. This Python version 2.7.1 script is available from the corresponding author. For each of 2000 iterations for each site, individuals were randomly permuted in ...
... This approach can easily be generalized to different fitness components (e.g. survivorship, fruit or seed set, etc.) or episodes of selection. This Python version 2.7.1 script is available from the corresponding author. For each of 2000 iterations for each site, individuals were randomly permuted in ...
Evolution of the vertebrate jaw: comparative embryology and
... It is generally believed that the jaw arose through the simple transformation of an ancestral rostral gill arch. The gnathostome jaw differentiates from Hox-free crest cells in the mandibular arch, and this is also apparent in the lamprey. The basic Hox code, including the Hox-free default state in ...
... It is generally believed that the jaw arose through the simple transformation of an ancestral rostral gill arch. The gnathostome jaw differentiates from Hox-free crest cells in the mandibular arch, and this is also apparent in the lamprey. The basic Hox code, including the Hox-free default state in ...
Natural Selection, Infectious Transfer and the Existence Conditions
... What happens when selective conditions fluctuate? For example, what happens when  is replaced by (t) ⱖ ⫺1, a sometimes-negative function of time? Though either chromosomals or plasmid-free cells will be favored at any given time, can plasmids persist over the long-term under fluctuating selection? ...
... What happens when selective conditions fluctuate? For example, what happens when  is replaced by (t) ⱖ ⫺1, a sometimes-negative function of time? Though either chromosomals or plasmid-free cells will be favored at any given time, can plasmids persist over the long-term under fluctuating selection? ...
genetic studies of the human complement c4 region in mhc class iii
... mutations were found that would conclusively explain the loss of gene function. However, 25 novel nucleotide alterations were revealed bringing substantiation for the vast polymorphism of the C4 genes. The identification of structural variation in the C4 gene region confirms the alterable nature of ...
... mutations were found that would conclusively explain the loss of gene function. However, 25 novel nucleotide alterations were revealed bringing substantiation for the vast polymorphism of the C4 genes. The identification of structural variation in the C4 gene region confirms the alterable nature of ...
Jelena – proposal 27
... not only the expression of the transgenes itself but also the metabolism of the stacked LMO (e.g.as a consequence of the heterosis effect). 3. Assessment of additive, cumulative, synergistic or antagonistic adverse effects of stacked transgenic traits on the conservation and sustainable use of biolo ...
... not only the expression of the transgenes itself but also the metabolism of the stacked LMO (e.g.as a consequence of the heterosis effect). 3. Assessment of additive, cumulative, synergistic or antagonistic adverse effects of stacked transgenic traits on the conservation and sustainable use of biolo ...
Key area 2: Plant and animal breeding by manipulation of heredity
... This is due to the accumulation of homozygous recessive alleles which can be deleterious (harmful). This appears as a decline in vigour, size, fertility and yield of the plant or animal. ...
... This is due to the accumulation of homozygous recessive alleles which can be deleterious (harmful). This appears as a decline in vigour, size, fertility and yield of the plant or animal. ...
Cytogenetic and fragile X testing in a group of Romanian autistic
... Some studies propose that low-level aneuploidy might be considered as a new genetic risk factor in autism, especially if it affects the structure and function of the developing brain (Yurov et al 2007), so this is worthy to consider in our two mosaic cases. The genes flanking the heterochromatin reg ...
... Some studies propose that low-level aneuploidy might be considered as a new genetic risk factor in autism, especially if it affects the structure and function of the developing brain (Yurov et al 2007), so this is worthy to consider in our two mosaic cases. The genes flanking the heterochromatin reg ...
Functional tests of enhancer conservation between
... In C. elegans, a gene unc-119 is expressed throughout the nervous system (Maduro and Pilgrim, 1995). Its ortholog in Drosophila is also expressed in essentially all neurons and is functionally conserved (Maduro et al., 2000). We therefore tested the expression pattern in C. elegans of a GFP fusion g ...
... In C. elegans, a gene unc-119 is expressed throughout the nervous system (Maduro and Pilgrim, 1995). Its ortholog in Drosophila is also expressed in essentially all neurons and is functionally conserved (Maduro et al., 2000). We therefore tested the expression pattern in C. elegans of a GFP fusion g ...
Targeted gene inactivation in Clostridium phytofermentans shows
... mutagenesis in these organisms has remained challenging, likely due to highly active DNases and inefficient homologous recombination. Previously, cellulolysis-deficient strains of C. cellulolyticum were isolated by spontaneous mutation of the scaffoldin gene, which anchors the cellulolytic enzymes t ...
... mutagenesis in these organisms has remained challenging, likely due to highly active DNases and inefficient homologous recombination. Previously, cellulolysis-deficient strains of C. cellulolyticum were isolated by spontaneous mutation of the scaffoldin gene, which anchors the cellulolytic enzymes t ...
spinal cord - Zanichelli
... An action potential allows Na+ ions to flow in, thus inside the cell becomes more positive (depolarization). The action potential ends, K+ channels open and the equilibrium is reestablished (polarization). ...
... An action potential allows Na+ ions to flow in, thus inside the cell becomes more positive (depolarization). The action potential ends, K+ channels open and the equilibrium is reestablished (polarization). ...
Genome-wide identification and analysis of the SGR
... melon glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was used as an internal control to calculate the relative fold differences based on the comparative Ct method. cDNA was amplified with SYBR® Premix Ex TaqTM (Perfect Real Time) (TaKaRa) using the Opticon 3 real-time system (BioRad, USA) in ...
... melon glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was used as an internal control to calculate the relative fold differences based on the comparative Ct method. cDNA was amplified with SYBR® Premix Ex TaqTM (Perfect Real Time) (TaKaRa) using the Opticon 3 real-time system (BioRad, USA) in ...
Chapter 1 - Bioinformatics Research Center
... A genetic map is a description of the relative order of genetic markers in linkage groups in which the distance between markers is expressed as units of recombination. The genetic markers are most often physical attributes of the DNA (such as sequence tags, simple repeats, or restriction enzyme poly ...
... A genetic map is a description of the relative order of genetic markers in linkage groups in which the distance between markers is expressed as units of recombination. The genetic markers are most often physical attributes of the DNA (such as sequence tags, simple repeats, or restriction enzyme poly ...
Mating-Type Genes From the Homothallic Fungus Sordaria
... central processes in the life cycle of most eukaryotes. The recent cloning and characterization ofsequences specifylng mating types from mycelial fungi has allowed insights into the regulatory processes controlling sexual reproduction in ascomycetes (reviewed and RANDALL in GLASS and NELSON 1994; ME ...
... central processes in the life cycle of most eukaryotes. The recent cloning and characterization ofsequences specifylng mating types from mycelial fungi has allowed insights into the regulatory processes controlling sexual reproduction in ascomycetes (reviewed and RANDALL in GLASS and NELSON 1994; ME ...
Genetic Tools for Studying Adaptation and the Evolution of Behavior
... such as epistasis and indirect genetic effects. The laboratory also allows greater control of environmental influences on a trait, although the laboratory environment usually differs from the one in which the species evolved (Hoffmann 2000). In the laboratory, it is possible to rear members of a fam ...
... such as epistasis and indirect genetic effects. The laboratory also allows greater control of environmental influences on a trait, although the laboratory environment usually differs from the one in which the species evolved (Hoffmann 2000). In the laboratory, it is possible to rear members of a fam ...
Cartesian Genetic Programming
... There are various ways that this decoding process can be implemented. One way would be to do it recursively; another would be to determine which nodes are active (in a recursive way) and record them for future use, and only process those. Procedures 2.2 and 2.1 in the next section detail the latter. ...
... There are various ways that this decoding process can be implemented. One way would be to do it recursively; another would be to determine which nodes are active (in a recursive way) and record them for future use, and only process those. Procedures 2.2 and 2.1 in the next section detail the latter. ...
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
... FAP is caused by a change in a gene. Genes are messages which control the working of the body and decide things like the colour of our eyes. Think of genes as recipes. The recipes allow the body to make chemical tools and building blocks. If part of the recipe is missing or has not been copied corre ...
... FAP is caused by a change in a gene. Genes are messages which control the working of the body and decide things like the colour of our eyes. Think of genes as recipes. The recipes allow the body to make chemical tools and building blocks. If part of the recipe is missing or has not been copied corre ...
Chapter 10: Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
... to another, in humans each gamete contains 23 chromosomes. The symbol n can be used to represent the number of chromosomes in a gamete. A cell with n number of chromosomes is called a haploid cell. Haploid comes from the Greek word haploos, meaning single. The process by which one haploid gamete com ...
... to another, in humans each gamete contains 23 chromosomes. The symbol n can be used to represent the number of chromosomes in a gamete. A cell with n number of chromosomes is called a haploid cell. Haploid comes from the Greek word haploos, meaning single. The process by which one haploid gamete com ...
Title: Gene expression analysis of human induced pluripotent stem
... Here we report the generation of iPSC lines and neurons from individuals with both isodicentric and interstitial duplications of chromosome 15q11-q13.1. We compared gene expression between iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons with both deletions and duplications of this region. We found that while the ove ...
... Here we report the generation of iPSC lines and neurons from individuals with both isodicentric and interstitial duplications of chromosome 15q11-q13.1. We compared gene expression between iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons with both deletions and duplications of this region. We found that while the ove ...
2008 HSC Notes from the Marking Centre Biology
... secondary sources. They named concepts and appropriate applications and linked these to societal implications, and supplemented the information supplied with their own knowledge gained from a study of the relevant sections of the syllabus. In the weaker responses, candidates had difficulty linking b ...
... secondary sources. They named concepts and appropriate applications and linked these to societal implications, and supplemented the information supplied with their own knowledge gained from a study of the relevant sections of the syllabus. In the weaker responses, candidates had difficulty linking b ...
The β-Globin LCR is Not Necessary for an Open Chromatin
... results in general decrease in levels of expression, but frequency of nonexpressing cells remains the same LCR determines level of expression per cell and does not affect probability of expression of globin gene in given cell ...
... results in general decrease in levels of expression, but frequency of nonexpressing cells remains the same LCR determines level of expression per cell and does not affect probability of expression of globin gene in given cell ...