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Evolution and Genetic Engineering Keystone Vocabulary
Evolution and Genetic Engineering Keystone Vocabulary

... of one or more nucleotides that is not indivisible by three, therefore resulting in a completely different amino acid sequence than what would be normal. The earlier in the sequence nucleotides are added or removed, the more altered the protein will be. 15. A sequence of nucleotides composing a segm ...
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... Genetic engineering is the basic tool set of biotechnology Genetic engineering involves:  Isolating genes  Modifying genes so they function better  Preparing genes to be inserted into a new species  Developing transgenes ...
word doc - CSUN.edu
word doc - CSUN.edu

...  Lack the enzyme that is needed to break down phenylalanine, a common amino acid found in many foods.  Causes build up of phenylalanine—leads to severe brain damage/mental retardation Tay-Sachs—  Affects Jewish families with central/eastern European ancestry.  Causes fats to build up in the brai ...
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Genetic engineering



Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. It is therefore a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes may be removed, or ""knocked out"", using a nuclease. Gene targeting is a different technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene, and can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations.An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be a genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMOs were bacteria generated in 1973 and GM mice in 1974. Insulin-producing bacteria were commercialized in 1982 and genetically modified food has been sold since 1994. Glofish, the first GMO designed as a pet, was first sold in the United States December in 2003.Genetic engineering techniques have been applied in numerous fields including research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine. Enzymes used in laundry detergent and medicines such as insulin and human growth hormone are now manufactured in GM cells, experimental GM cell lines and GM animals such as mice or zebrafish are being used for research purposes, and genetically modified crops have been commercialized.
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