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genomebiology.com - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
genomebiology.com - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

... unique to the Y chromosome. A search for SRY in kanga­ roos, however, identified a homolog on the X chromo­ some, termed SOX3. The sequence of the HMG-box in SOX3 most closely resembled that of SRY, so it was suggested that SOX3 was the ancestor of SRY [40]. Most other genes on the Y (for example, R ...
Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Yarrowia lipol`ica
Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Yarrowia lipol`ica

... Y. lipolytica 21501-4 B lys5 leu2 adel xpr2 and between specific pairs of the auxotrophic mutant strains. Differences and similarities in the DNA banding patterns of these genetically different strains of S. fibuligera and Y. lipolytica were demonstrated and it was established that four distinct typ ...
Distortion of quantitative genomic and expression
Distortion of quantitative genomic and expression

... regarding reproducibility of these techniques have been raised by cross-validation studies in different laboratories (1–5). Strategies to mitigate variability in the results obtained from replicate studies have focused on standardizing technical factors, such as array production, RNA synthesis, labe ...
- Stabilis Fitness
- Stabilis Fitness

... OPTIMISE YOURSELF ...
Marker-Assisted Selection for Disease Resistance in Wheat and
Marker-Assisted Selection for Disease Resistance in Wheat and

... easily applied, but is often not necessary because the resistances are selected phenotypically. In quantitative disease resistances, MAS would be very useful, but the individual QTL often have small effects. Additionally, only a few monogenic resistances are durable and only a few QTL with high effe ...
MyTaxa: an advanced taxonomic classifier for genomic and
MyTaxa: an advanced taxonomic classifier for genomic and

... Figure 1. The workflow of the MyTaxa algorithm. (Top) Using MyTaxa involves two parts: (i) the construction of a database that contains the weights for each gene cluster (offline part). The database is provided as part of the standalone implementation package of the algorithm. (ii) The user supplies t ...
187-192. Control of transcription by Pontin and Reptin
187-192. Control of transcription by Pontin and Reptin

... Another complex containing both Pontin and Reptin was purified from vertebrate cells and called Uri1 complex (41). Besides Pontin and Reptin, this complex contains components of the E3ubiquitin ligase SCFSkp2, Rbp5 (a protein previously shown to associate with RNA Polymerases I, II, and III), and se ...
Evolution of Phenotypic Robustness
Evolution of Phenotypic Robustness

... character states of various traits and ask for the elements of the genetic architecture that lead to observed differences in variability. From an evolutionary point of view, however, the alternative states should reveal the reduction of variability as a property that has evolved under natural select ...
Binding of Hoechst with nucleic acids using fluorescence spectroscopy
Binding of Hoechst with nucleic acids using fluorescence spectroscopy

... Full understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of heterocyclic antibiotics at low concentrations on DNA and RNA can optimize the use of these compounds and their analogues as medical drugs. Hoechst dyes 33342 and 33258 are closely related bisbenzimides. Hoechst 33258 is 2’-(4-hydroxyphenyl ...
Within-field Pathogenic Diversity of Phytophthora sojae in
Within-field Pathogenic Diversity of Phytophthora sojae in

... leaf discs of the soybean variety Sloan, which is susceptible to infection by all pathotypes of P. sojae. To ensure zoospores did not survive from one baiting event to the next, soil subsamples were air-dried for approximately one week between each event. Plastic pots each filled with a soil subsamp ...
Genes and Genetic Testing in Hereditary Ataxias
Genes and Genetic Testing in Hereditary Ataxias

... have an underlying genetic cause. Hereditary ataxias are a group of highly heterogeneous diseases, but each usually follows a typical Mendelian dominant, recessive, or X-linked inheritance. The prevalence of hereditary ataxias varies by population and has been estimated at 1–9 per 100,000 people [1– ...
PPTX - Bioinformatics.ca
PPTX - Bioinformatics.ca

... • GREAT predicts functions of cis-regulatory regions. • Many coding genes are well annotated with their biological functions. Non-coding regions typically lack such annotation. GREAT assigns biological meaning to a set of non-coding genomic regions by analyzing the annotations of the nearby genes. T ...
Chapter 14: MENDEL AND THE GENE IDEA
Chapter 14: MENDEL AND THE GENE IDEA

...  The dominant allele is the one that is expressed (it exerts its phenotypic effect) in a heterozygote.  It is identified with a uppercase (capital) letter, usually the first letter of the trait. Recessive Allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote; its expression is masked by ...
Isolation of AOXI promoter
Isolation of AOXI promoter

... We have decided to create a biological timer. This idea was spurred by observing some of the previously created projects, which included biological clocks. Building on this idea, we want to very precisely monitor the time between when an organism begins to feed upon until it finishes feeding on a fo ...
Systematic and Applied Microbiology - digital
Systematic and Applied Microbiology - digital

... reactions have been described [10]. The results of our study demonstrate that the E. faecium strains analyzed actually possess a gene coding for a putative tyrosine decarboxylase possibly involved in the tyramine production which in turn is unequivocally detected by TLC. It is important to bear in m ...
科技英文寫作練習
科技英文寫作練習

... 科技英文寫作練習 Class ( ...
Mutualism and asexual reproduction influence recognition genes in
Mutualism and asexual reproduction influence recognition genes in

... during the history of the species (Hudson & Kaplan 1985) was estimated using neutral coalescence simulations, based on the number of segregating sites, intermediate levels of recombination, and 10 000 replications (Librado & Rozas 2009). The extent of recombination within each species was also compa ...
meiosis - juan
meiosis - juan

... gamete) have 23 pairs of chromosomes • A karyotype is an ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell • The two chromosomes in each pair are called homologous chromosomes, or homologs • Chromosomes in a homologous pair are the same length and shape and carry genes controlling the same inh ...
Protocol S1.
Protocol S1.

... entirely composed of dextral homozygotes. However, it only exists when phenotypic assortative mating is complete, and, even then, the equilibrium is unstable to the introduction of dextral alleles into sinistral chiral morphs, or vice versa. Since there is considerable gene flow between sinistral an ...
Supplementary Discussion References
Supplementary Discussion References

... The differentially expressed gene list was obtained by meeting criteria: 1) intersection of both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia for significant genes, 2) passed ANCOVAs for restricted pH > 6.57 and 3) gene passed unrestricted ANCOVA for all pH. The list of genes that were found to be significant ...
Unexpected Complexity of Poly(A)-Binding Protein Gene Families in
Unexpected Complexity of Poly(A)-Binding Protein Gene Families in

... enylation in vivo (Caponigro and Parker 1995). A possible resolution of this paradox can be envisioned if PABP actually promotes the entry of the mRNA into the decay pathway rather than accelerates deadenylation per se. Indeed, yeast strains lacking PABP (but viable due to bypass suppressor mutation ...
Bio II Ch 15 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Bio II Ch 15 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

... 4. Independent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over produce genetic recombinants • The production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from two parents is genetic recombination. • Genetic recombination can result from independent assortment of genes located on nonhomologous ...
Technical Targets
Technical Targets

... H2-sensing hydrogenase, evolving hydrogenase (the “CBS hydrogenase”), and uptake hydrogenase. In addition to the set of hydrogenase maturation genes found earlier (hyp1), a second complete set of hydrogenase maturation genes (hyp2) was found within the uptake hydrogenase operon. This raises the ques ...
Additional information on heterozygote advantage.
Additional information on heterozygote advantage.

... defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell 86: 367-377. ...
Table S1.
Table S1.

... defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell 86: 367-377. ...
< 1 ... 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 ... 1551 >

History of genetic engineering

Genetic modification caused by human activity has been occurring since around 12,000 BC, when humans first began to domesticate organisms. Genetic engineering as the direct transfer of DNA from one organism to another was first accomplished by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973. Advances have allowed scientists to manipulate and add genes to a variety of different organism and induce a range of different effects. Since 1976 the technology has been commercialised, with companies producing and selling genetically modified food and medicine.
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