Repeated cocaine effects on learning, memory and extinction in the
... 1994; Eisenberg et al., 2003; Pedreira and Maldonado, 2003; Suzuki et al., 2004). Thus, the memory for extinction may critically impact the return, or reinstatement, of behavior such as drug-seeking behavior. It is not known whether repeated drug exposure produces a stronger initial memory of the tr ...
... 1994; Eisenberg et al., 2003; Pedreira and Maldonado, 2003; Suzuki et al., 2004). Thus, the memory for extinction may critically impact the return, or reinstatement, of behavior such as drug-seeking behavior. It is not known whether repeated drug exposure produces a stronger initial memory of the tr ...
Strong items get suppressed, weak items do not: The role of item
... one experimental session. Between the recall of the first and the presentation of the second list, subjects participated in an unrelated experiment of roughly 10-min duration in which they judged the perceived attractiveness of face stimuli. The items were presented using learning booklets. Each of ...
... one experimental session. Between the recall of the first and the presentation of the second list, subjects participated in an unrelated experiment of roughly 10-min duration in which they judged the perceived attractiveness of face stimuli. The items were presented using learning booklets. Each of ...
The role of test structure in creating false memories
... in the testing phase and that this activation might summate with the activation that occurs in the encoding phase. One possibility is that the activation at test is similar in nature to the activation at encoding, and that each additional phase of activation further increases the probability that th ...
... in the testing phase and that this activation might summate with the activation that occurs in the encoding phase. One possibility is that the activation at test is similar in nature to the activation at encoding, and that each additional phase of activation further increases the probability that th ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
Amygdala-Prefrontal Synchronization Underlies Resistance to
... (A) Experimental design: there were two types of sessions (intermingled across the recording period), either continuous reinforcement (ConS) or partial reinforcement (ParS) schedule. Both schedules reach behavioral plateau within a few trials and maintain it for over 25 trials, resulting in a contro ...
... (A) Experimental design: there were two types of sessions (intermingled across the recording period), either continuous reinforcement (ConS) or partial reinforcement (ParS) schedule. Both schedules reach behavioral plateau within a few trials and maintain it for over 25 trials, resulting in a contro ...
Author`s personal copy - Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab
... spatial memories, both of which rely on the hippocampus for their consolidation,16 whereas REM sleep selectively benefits procedural and emotional memories.17,18 In addition to these distinct types, memory consolidation also consists of different stages. Although our experience of memory occurs at t ...
... spatial memories, both of which rely on the hippocampus for their consolidation,16 whereas REM sleep selectively benefits procedural and emotional memories.17,18 In addition to these distinct types, memory consolidation also consists of different stages. Although our experience of memory occurs at t ...
do simultaneously presented visual and auditory
... while attending important meetings, conferences, or classes, we might try to attend to both auditory and visual stimuli in order to acquire necessary information. In order to help individuals better comprehend the information effectively with simultaneous presentation of stimuli, it would be valuabl ...
... while attending important meetings, conferences, or classes, we might try to attend to both auditory and visual stimuli in order to acquire necessary information. In order to help individuals better comprehend the information effectively with simultaneous presentation of stimuli, it would be valuabl ...
Story Representation in Analogy
... fragments as graphs where the nodes are goals, states or actions whereas the links are their relations (e.g.,“achieves”, “motivates”, “activates”, etc.). MEXICA [9] also uses a frame-based representation to formalize story states as Story World Contexts, where each node is a character, linked by the ...
... fragments as graphs where the nodes are goals, states or actions whereas the links are their relations (e.g.,“achieves”, “motivates”, “activates”, etc.). MEXICA [9] also uses a frame-based representation to formalize story states as Story World Contexts, where each node is a character, linked by the ...
Learning Where (Not) To Cache: A Cognitive Model for Corvids
... (2000) point out, the fact that a theory with free parameters is capable of reproducing empirical data is not in itself that informative. What is equally important, is to understand how strongly the model predicts the observed results, and if there are any plausible alternatives that it cannot repro ...
... (2000) point out, the fact that a theory with free parameters is capable of reproducing empirical data is not in itself that informative. What is equally important, is to understand how strongly the model predicts the observed results, and if there are any plausible alternatives that it cannot repro ...
Frontal lobe and cognitive development
... The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred from the functional role of the structures with which it is connected. In general terms, the prefrontal-limbic connections are involved in the control of emotional behavior, whereas the ...
... The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred from the functional role of the structures with which it is connected. In general terms, the prefrontal-limbic connections are involved in the control of emotional behavior, whereas the ...
The anatomy, physiology and functions of the
... and awake rats [15*,37]. Indeed, such information could serve as a cue to solve a commonly used version of the DNMS task in which the animals are asked to differentiate between a novel stimulus and a stimulus that has been seen only once before (i.e. ‘trial unique’ DNMS). The duration of the neurona ...
... and awake rats [15*,37]. Indeed, such information could serve as a cue to solve a commonly used version of the DNMS task in which the animals are asked to differentiate between a novel stimulus and a stimulus that has been seen only once before (i.e. ‘trial unique’ DNMS). The duration of the neurona ...
Psychology 1 - Bay District Schools
... Note: The referenced “page 54” in the standard descriptor is from the adopted standards document that can be found here. ...
... Note: The referenced “page 54” in the standard descriptor is from the adopted standards document that can be found here. ...
Isolated Retrograde Amnesia
... The syndrome of isolated retrograde amnesia refers to a neuropathological state of impaired memory for information acquired prior to the onset of brain damage (retrograde memory) contrasted with normal or near-normal learning of new information after the onset of the disease (anterograde memory). Wh ...
... The syndrome of isolated retrograde amnesia refers to a neuropathological state of impaired memory for information acquired prior to the onset of brain damage (retrograde memory) contrasted with normal or near-normal learning of new information after the onset of the disease (anterograde memory). Wh ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... within-subjects replication of the effects of novel stimuli. Testing continued with each list of novel stimuli being reordered for each session and lists alternated each day over 8 additional days. A retest of the presurgical familiar odors was performed for one session. The following dependent meas ...
... within-subjects replication of the effects of novel stimuli. Testing continued with each list of novel stimuli being reordered for each session and lists alternated each day over 8 additional days. A retest of the presurgical familiar odors was performed for one session. The following dependent meas ...
Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... To address the questions we have outlined above, we designed an experiment to study the mechanism that the brain employs to represent multiple items. Monkeys were trained to remember two items presented sequentially at the fovea, and to release a lever when a matching sequence was seen. In this firs ...
... To address the questions we have outlined above, we designed an experiment to study the mechanism that the brain employs to represent multiple items. Monkeys were trained to remember two items presented sequentially at the fovea, and to release a lever when a matching sequence was seen. In this firs ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... In order to convert gAHP into Fadapt, we ran single-cell simulations with a fixed gAHP and a range of injected current intensity. We calculated Fadapt from the simulation where the final rate was ~35 Hz. Recurrent Network Model of Spiking Neurons The network model in this study has been previously des ...
... In order to convert gAHP into Fadapt, we ran single-cell simulations with a fixed gAHP and a range of injected current intensity. We calculated Fadapt from the simulation where the final rate was ~35 Hz. Recurrent Network Model of Spiking Neurons The network model in this study has been previously des ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the
... C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib (unpublished data) also found that maintaining emotional states led to an increase in the recalled emotional intensity of the images relative to when participants did not have to maintain their emotional states. This finding prompts an alternative, ‘active maintenance’ hyp ...
... C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib (unpublished data) also found that maintaining emotional states led to an increase in the recalled emotional intensity of the images relative to when participants did not have to maintain their emotional states. This finding prompts an alternative, ‘active maintenance’ hyp ...
Do distractors interfere with memory for study pairs in associative
... distractors involved none, one, or two of their constituent members. Overall, a relative impairment in performance on intact pairs was observed when the distractors involved one or the other of the members of the pairs, with partial evidence for a cumulative effect when the two members of the pairs ...
... distractors involved none, one, or two of their constituent members. Overall, a relative impairment in performance on intact pairs was observed when the distractors involved one or the other of the members of the pairs, with partial evidence for a cumulative effect when the two members of the pairs ...
introduction to learning theories
... reliability, that is, they must yield consistent scores. They must also have validity. In other words, an operational definition must measure what it purports to measure. For example, a reading test must be distinguishable from a general intelligence test to be valid. Explaining Learning: Explaining ...
... reliability, that is, they must yield consistent scores. They must also have validity. In other words, an operational definition must measure what it purports to measure. For example, a reading test must be distinguishable from a general intelligence test to be valid. Explaining Learning: Explaining ...
MUSHROOM BODY MEMOIR: FROM MAPS TO MODELS
... not satisfied by maps. Rather, it asks for models that describe behavioural functions in terms of algorithms, which should allow them to be implemented in artificial systems. The step from maps to models has proven exceedingly difficult — not even the simplest, generally accepted model of the brain ...
... not satisfied by maps. Rather, it asks for models that describe behavioural functions in terms of algorithms, which should allow them to be implemented in artificial systems. The step from maps to models has proven exceedingly difficult — not even the simplest, generally accepted model of the brain ...
Export To Word
... Examples may include, but are not limited to healthy lifestyles, positive experiences, sense of well-being, and overcoming illnessrelated behaviors. Identify ways to promote mental health and physical fitness. Describe the characteristics of and factors that promote resilience and optimism. Distingu ...
... Examples may include, but are not limited to healthy lifestyles, positive experiences, sense of well-being, and overcoming illnessrelated behaviors. Identify ways to promote mental health and physical fitness. Describe the characteristics of and factors that promote resilience and optimism. Distingu ...
Catastrophic Forgetting in Connectionist Networks: Causes
... receptive fields at each node is increased, thereby making each representation more distributed and causing greater overlap among representations, the amount of interference among representations does increases. In other words, if the receptive field of the an input becomes restricted enough, the AL ...
... receptive fields at each node is increased, thereby making each representation more distributed and causing greater overlap among representations, the amount of interference among representations does increases. In other words, if the receptive field of the an input becomes restricted enough, the AL ...
A Gentle Introduction to Soar, an Architecture for Human
... until we’ve produced the desired result. We may have to learn new actions (braising rather than frying) or the correct order for our actions (add liquids to solids, not the other way around), but we do learn rather than simply act randomly. 2. It reflects a rich, complex, detailed environment. Altho ...
... until we’ve produced the desired result. We may have to learn new actions (braising rather than frying) or the correct order for our actions (add liquids to solids, not the other way around), but we do learn rather than simply act randomly. 2. It reflects a rich, complex, detailed environment. Altho ...
The Dopamine Transporter and Risk-Taking Behavior
... that some people have more difficulty quitting than others. It is clear that not every individual responds to substance use the same. One difference that has been mentioned is that of genetics. Understanding the pieces of the genetic contribution to the predisposition of substance abuse can do many ...
... that some people have more difficulty quitting than others. It is clear that not every individual responds to substance use the same. One difference that has been mentioned is that of genetics. Understanding the pieces of the genetic contribution to the predisposition of substance abuse can do many ...
Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
Reconstructive memory
Reconstructive memory is a theory of elaborate memory recall proposed within the field of Cognitive Psychology, in which the act of remembering is influenced by various other cognitive processes including Perception Imagination, Semantic memory and Beliefs, amongst others. People view their memories as being a coherent and truthful account of Episodic memory and believe that their perspective is free from error during recall. However the reconstructive process of memory recall is subject to distortion by other intervening cognitive functions such as individual perceptions, social influences, and world knowledge, all of which can lead to errors during reconstruction.