Supporting methods 1) Participants The study was approved by the
... already at the time when the outcome information was revealed. In contrast, because they were still lacking the probability information at the time of the outcome, they could only choose between the options in the beginning of the next trial. We included only a reward probability, rather than also a ...
... already at the time when the outcome information was revealed. In contrast, because they were still lacking the probability information at the time of the outcome, they could only choose between the options in the beginning of the next trial. We included only a reward probability, rather than also a ...
Wrinkles, Wormholes, and Hamlet
... to eradicate (leading to “Cartesian Theatre,” the “software/hardware” understanding of mind and brain, etc.).8 In his introduction to The Foundations of Cognitive Science (2001), João Branquinho points out that, as explored in the chapters of the book, “cognitive science” includes more than the info ...
... to eradicate (leading to “Cartesian Theatre,” the “software/hardware” understanding of mind and brain, etc.).8 In his introduction to The Foundations of Cognitive Science (2001), João Branquinho points out that, as explored in the chapters of the book, “cognitive science” includes more than the info ...
FOREFRONT REVIEW WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR?
... Could it be that the DG is there to reduce interference during storage, i.e. to produce a new pattern of firing activity in CA3 that is well separated, or unrelated, to those representing other memories already in storage? ...
... Could it be that the DG is there to reduce interference during storage, i.e. to produce a new pattern of firing activity in CA3 that is well separated, or unrelated, to those representing other memories already in storage? ...
Hyperfrontality and hypoconnectivity during refreshing in
... Anomalous activations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior cerebral areas have been reported in previous studies of working memory in schizophrenia. Several interpretations have been reported: e.g., neural inefficiency, the use of different strategies and differences in the functional organiz ...
... Anomalous activations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior cerebral areas have been reported in previous studies of working memory in schizophrenia. Several interpretations have been reported: e.g., neural inefficiency, the use of different strategies and differences in the functional organiz ...
Properties of spike train spectra in two parietal reach areas
... that was spatially tuned. Many single cell PRR spectra exhibited spatially tuned temporal structure, as evidenced by a significant and spatially tuned peak in the 20–50 Hz band. The PRR population spectrum of spike trains was also tuned, with the peak power centered on approximately 25 Hz. In contra ...
... that was spatially tuned. Many single cell PRR spectra exhibited spatially tuned temporal structure, as evidenced by a significant and spatially tuned peak in the 20–50 Hz band. The PRR population spectrum of spike trains was also tuned, with the peak power centered on approximately 25 Hz. In contra ...
Memory, aging and external memory aids
... interpreted as a challenge. To sustain a quality of life for this group and assuring that elderly will keep a position in society a substantial lot of research and scientific inquiry is being allocated to the area of assistive technology for the older population. As much of the existing assistive te ...
... interpreted as a challenge. To sustain a quality of life for this group and assuring that elderly will keep a position in society a substantial lot of research and scientific inquiry is being allocated to the area of assistive technology for the older population. As much of the existing assistive te ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... receptor neurons4. Projection neurons then convey this information to higher-order processing centers4: the mushroom bodies and the lateral horn. By contrast, aversive reinforcement signals that occur in response to electric shock are relayed to the mushroom bodies through dopaminergic neurons5–7. T ...
... receptor neurons4. Projection neurons then convey this information to higher-order processing centers4: the mushroom bodies and the lateral horn. By contrast, aversive reinforcement signals that occur in response to electric shock are relayed to the mushroom bodies through dopaminergic neurons5–7. T ...
DOC - Cognitive Computing Research Group
... term such as “cognition” is not a death knell for the field of animal cognition. The scientific study of human emotions has faced a similar conundrum because the term “emotion” has notoriously resisted a widely accepted scientific definition. Yet, the field has actively progressed for over a centur ...
... term such as “cognition” is not a death knell for the field of animal cognition. The scientific study of human emotions has faced a similar conundrum because the term “emotion” has notoriously resisted a widely accepted scientific definition. Yet, the field has actively progressed for over a centur ...
Large-Scale Fluorescence Calcium-Imaging
... the dynamics of hundreds of cells concurrently, target specific neuron types for study based on their genetic identities or connectivity patterns, reliably track individual cells for many weeks in behaving animals, extract the signals of individual neurons nearly regardless of their activity rates, ...
... the dynamics of hundreds of cells concurrently, target specific neuron types for study based on their genetic identities or connectivity patterns, reliably track individual cells for many weeks in behaving animals, extract the signals of individual neurons nearly regardless of their activity rates, ...
THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES
... cingulate cortex correlates with a decrease in the number of errors in memory tests. However, a decrease in the number of errors not only does not improve overall memory performance but actually tends to deteriorate total recall. Revealed correlations can be summarized under the concept of an antero ...
... cingulate cortex correlates with a decrease in the number of errors in memory tests. However, a decrease in the number of errors not only does not improve overall memory performance but actually tends to deteriorate total recall. Revealed correlations can be summarized under the concept of an antero ...
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... and in the cortex. Different memory tasks are shown to be associated with frontal and hippocampal cortical theta oscillations in humans (Tesche and Karhu, 2000; Jensen and Tesche, 2002) and in rodents (Winson, 1978). During these oscillating neuronal activities, action potentials reach the axonal te ...
... and in the cortex. Different memory tasks are shown to be associated with frontal and hippocampal cortical theta oscillations in humans (Tesche and Karhu, 2000; Jensen and Tesche, 2002) and in rodents (Winson, 1978). During these oscillating neuronal activities, action potentials reach the axonal te ...
Progress and Controversy in the Study of Posttraumatic
... The conditioning model implies that stressors cause PTSD by producing toxic levels of fear, but it has been shown that stressors can also traumatize through causing guilt and shame. This has been demonstrated among Vietnam veterans (Breslau & Davis 1987). Unlike fear, which can be experienced by rat ...
... The conditioning model implies that stressors cause PTSD by producing toxic levels of fear, but it has been shown that stressors can also traumatize through causing guilt and shame. This has been demonstrated among Vietnam veterans (Breslau & Davis 1987). Unlike fear, which can be experienced by rat ...
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine and Dopamine
... – It is still not fully understood how memory formation occurs – However, research has shown that when a shortterm memory is converted into long-term storage in the hippocampus, neurons in the brain help to synthesize protein molecules and new connections between neurons are formed ...
... – It is still not fully understood how memory formation occurs – However, research has shown that when a shortterm memory is converted into long-term storage in the hippocampus, neurons in the brain help to synthesize protein molecules and new connections between neurons are formed ...
doc - physiologicalcomputing.org
... The second system related to the ToM is the mirror neuron system (MNS), which coactivates actions, intention and emotions of both the self and others (Mahy et al., 2014; Molnar-Szakacs & Uddin, 2013; Spreng et al., 2013) and includes: inferior frontal gyrus, premotor cortex, anterior insula, primary ...
... The second system related to the ToM is the mirror neuron system (MNS), which coactivates actions, intention and emotions of both the self and others (Mahy et al., 2014; Molnar-Szakacs & Uddin, 2013; Spreng et al., 2013) and includes: inferior frontal gyrus, premotor cortex, anterior insula, primary ...
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... a p r o 1 z m s . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 1 z m s . h t m a p r o 1 z p 0 . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 1 z p 0 . h t m a p r o 2 2 h x . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 2 h x . h t m a p r o 2 3 6 t . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 3 6 t . h t m a p r o 2 5 2 j . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 5 2 j . h t m a p r o 2 ...
... a p r o 1 z m s . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 1 z m s . h t m a p r o 1 z p 0 . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 1 z p 0 . h t m a p r o 2 2 h x . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 2 h x . h t m a p r o 2 3 6 t . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 3 6 t . h t m a p r o 2 5 2 j . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 5 2 j . h t m a p r o 2 ...
REVIEW Time Course of Auditory Processing, Visual Processing
... determine where the sound is coming from. Goaldirected attention to sound identity (what) and sound location (where) has been associated with increased neural activity in ventral and dorsal brain regions, respectively. Relation (Spatiotemporal Analysis of Auditory "What" and "Where" Working Memory s ...
... determine where the sound is coming from. Goaldirected attention to sound identity (what) and sound location (where) has been associated with increased neural activity in ventral and dorsal brain regions, respectively. Relation (Spatiotemporal Analysis of Auditory "What" and "Where" Working Memory s ...
Structure–function relationship of working memory activity with
... unexplored area is the nature and existence of ‘‘crossmodal’’ structural–functional relationships, in which, for example, the volume (or other morphological property) of one brain region is related to the functional response to a given task either in that same brain region, or another brain region. ...
... unexplored area is the nature and existence of ‘‘crossmodal’’ structural–functional relationships, in which, for example, the volume (or other morphological property) of one brain region is related to the functional response to a given task either in that same brain region, or another brain region. ...
Computational cognitive neuroscience: 10. Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)
... buffer that is responsible for the transient holding, processing, and manipulation of information. • Distinction from the short-term memory: – working memory is a short-term memory buffer that allows for the manipulation of stored information, – while short-term memory is only involved in the short- ...
... buffer that is responsible for the transient holding, processing, and manipulation of information. • Distinction from the short-term memory: – working memory is a short-term memory buffer that allows for the manipulation of stored information, – while short-term memory is only involved in the short- ...
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... results1 show that these same neurons decrease firing to cues that predict more information. The converse is also true: habenula neurons increase firing to cues that predict less reward and to those that predict less information1. For the record, consistent with previous reports, the recordings from ...
... results1 show that these same neurons decrease firing to cues that predict more information. The converse is also true: habenula neurons increase firing to cues that predict less reward and to those that predict less information1. For the record, consistent with previous reports, the recordings from ...
Human Eyeblink Conditioning
... (US). Learning occurs when the organism associates the CS with the US, producing a conditioned response (CR). A widely used variant of the delay paradigm is the trace paradigm (so named by Ivan Pavlov), in which the offset of the CS precedes a blank trace period when no stimuli are presented. To pro ...
... (US). Learning occurs when the organism associates the CS with the US, producing a conditioned response (CR). A widely used variant of the delay paradigm is the trace paradigm (so named by Ivan Pavlov), in which the offset of the CS precedes a blank trace period when no stimuli are presented. To pro ...
memory extinction Rethinking the role of L-type voltage
... Next, Waltereit et al. (2008) examine locomotor activity and rearing behavior in mice injected with nifedipine. In agreement with the findings of McKinney et al. (2008) and Busquet et al. (2008), they observe decreases in locomotor activity and a complete loss of rearing behavior that lasts up to 4 ...
... Next, Waltereit et al. (2008) examine locomotor activity and rearing behavior in mice injected with nifedipine. In agreement with the findings of McKinney et al. (2008) and Busquet et al. (2008), they observe decreases in locomotor activity and a complete loss of rearing behavior that lasts up to 4 ...
In a galaxy not too far away - Utrecht University Repository
... internal representation of the outside world (i.e. a cognitive map). More recently, cells were discovered that encode for a specific moment time. These ‘time cells’ have been found to parse temporally defined environments analogous to how place cells parse spatially defined environments. Similaritie ...
... internal representation of the outside world (i.e. a cognitive map). More recently, cells were discovered that encode for a specific moment time. These ‘time cells’ have been found to parse temporally defined environments analogous to how place cells parse spatially defined environments. Similaritie ...
From sensorimotor learning to memory cells in prefrontal and
... and associated excitability modulation as the critical mechanisms. Although these views are not a priori incompatible with each other, we here provide new arguments in favour of a network memory account based on perception action circuits. Using a neurocomputational model mimicking cortical neuroana ...
... and associated excitability modulation as the critical mechanisms. Although these views are not a priori incompatible with each other, we here provide new arguments in favour of a network memory account based on perception action circuits. Using a neurocomputational model mimicking cortical neuroana ...
ManuscriptPTA_R1_FINAL - Spiral
... within the Default Mode Network can be assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which can be acquired in confused patients unable to perform tasks in the scanner. Here we used this approach to test the hypothesis that the mnemonic symptoms of post-traumatic amnesia are cau ...
... within the Default Mode Network can be assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which can be acquired in confused patients unable to perform tasks in the scanner. Here we used this approach to test the hypothesis that the mnemonic symptoms of post-traumatic amnesia are cau ...
Reconstructive memory
Reconstructive memory is a theory of elaborate memory recall proposed within the field of Cognitive Psychology, in which the act of remembering is influenced by various other cognitive processes including Perception Imagination, Semantic memory and Beliefs, amongst others. People view their memories as being a coherent and truthful account of Episodic memory and believe that their perspective is free from error during recall. However the reconstructive process of memory recall is subject to distortion by other intervening cognitive functions such as individual perceptions, social influences, and world knowledge, all of which can lead to errors during reconstruction.