phase-shifting interferometry
... is Boltzmann's constant, and a is a temperature coefficient that is a function of temperature, IF, and the type of recombination mechanism. Temperature-induced changes in forward current, and hence in optical power, are compensated for by a change in the forward current proportional to an error sign ...
... is Boltzmann's constant, and a is a temperature coefficient that is a function of temperature, IF, and the type of recombination mechanism. Temperature-induced changes in forward current, and hence in optical power, are compensated for by a change in the forward current proportional to an error sign ...
Aalborg Universitet Common-Mode-Voltage Modulation Methods for Wind Turbines
... The modern wind power technology has developed very fast during the last decades and power electronics plays more and more critical role [1-4]. In large scale Wind Turbine Systems (WTS), the thermal performance of the power converter is becoming a critical indicator because of two main reasons: 1. c ...
... The modern wind power technology has developed very fast during the last decades and power electronics plays more and more critical role [1-4]. In large scale Wind Turbine Systems (WTS), the thermal performance of the power converter is becoming a critical indicator because of two main reasons: 1. c ...
3 A CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor With a Inaccuracy of 0.5 C From
... To maximize the capacitance per area of the MOS capacitors, and to avoid operating them in their most nonlinear region (around 0 V), they are biased in accumulation. The gates of the capacitors are at , while the feedback ensures that the average voltage on their wells is . Therefore, they can be bi ...
... To maximize the capacitance per area of the MOS capacitors, and to avoid operating them in their most nonlinear region (around 0 V), they are biased in accumulation. The gates of the capacitors are at , while the feedback ensures that the average voltage on their wells is . Therefore, they can be bi ...
Electronic II (ECE235b) Power Amplifiers
... from I Q / N to approximately i L / N . Thus the current I BIAS must be greater than the maximum anticipated base current source I BIAS . (This sets a lower limit for I BIAS ) Note I Q nI BIAS , and since I Q is much smaller than the peak load current (<10%), we can not make n a large valu ...
... from I Q / N to approximately i L / N . Thus the current I BIAS must be greater than the maximum anticipated base current source I BIAS . (This sets a lower limit for I BIAS ) Note I Q nI BIAS , and since I Q is much smaller than the peak load current (<10%), we can not make n a large valu ...
Thermochemistry Thermodynamics is the study of energy and its
... the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another. In a chemical reaction, the energy stored in chemical bonds may be converted into other forms of energy such as heat and light. In a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactan ...
... the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another. In a chemical reaction, the energy stored in chemical bonds may be converted into other forms of energy such as heat and light. In a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactan ...
File - Lectures 1 to 14
... of the random motion of the particles within the material and make it increasingly difficult for a general drift of electrons in any one direction to be established. The result is that • for good conductors, an increase in temperature will result in an increase in the resistance level. Consequently, ...
... of the random motion of the particles within the material and make it increasingly difficult for a general drift of electrons in any one direction to be established. The result is that • for good conductors, an increase in temperature will result in an increase in the resistance level. Consequently, ...
Serway_PSE_quick_ch28
... ammeter (a device for measuring current) at the right side of the circuit. If the switch is opened (Fig. 28.5, right), there is current in R2. What happens to the reading on the ammeter when the switch is opened? ...
... ammeter (a device for measuring current) at the right side of the circuit. If the switch is opened (Fig. 28.5, right), there is current in R2. What happens to the reading on the ammeter when the switch is opened? ...
Putting Safety into Li-ion Battery Packs
... the operational region. Some ICs allow for charging by keeping on both charge FETs (CFETS) and discharge FETs (DFETs). Other ICs turn off CFET. A CFET should never be off in a series power FET configuration when operating in the discharge only region of the cell temperature profile. Operating a load ...
... the operational region. Some ICs allow for charging by keeping on both charge FETs (CFETS) and discharge FETs (DFETs). Other ICs turn off CFET. A CFET should never be off in a series power FET configuration when operating in the discharge only region of the cell temperature profile. Operating a load ...
Thermal runaway
Thermal runaway refers to a situation where an increase in temperature changes the conditions in a way that causes a further increase in temperature, often leading to a destructive result. It is a kind of uncontrolled positive feedback.In other words, ""thermal runaway"" describes a process which is accelerated by increased temperature, in turn releasing energy that further increases temperature. In chemistry (and chemical engineering), this risk is associated with strongly exothermic reactions that are accelerated by temperature rise. In electrical engineering, thermal runaway is typically associated with increased current flow and power dissipation, although exothermic chemical reactions can be of concern here too. Thermal runaway can occur in civil engineering, notably when the heat released by large amounts of curing concrete is not controlled. In astrophysics, runaway nuclear fusion reactions in stars can lead to nova and several types of supernova explosions, and also occur as a less dramatic event in the normal evolution of solar mass stars, the ""helium flash"".There are also concerns regarding global warming that a global average increase of 3-4 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial baseline could lead to a further unchecked increase in surface temperatures. For example, releases of methane, a greenhouse gas more potent than CO2, from wetlands, melting permafrost and continental margin seabed clathrate deposits could be subject to positive feedback.