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The dangers of non-empirical confirmation
The dangers of non-empirical confirmation

... [1], Richard Dawid describes some of these non-empirical arguments that motivate theoretical physicists’ confidence in a theory, taking string theory as case study. This may imply that the use of non-empirical arguments is somewhat of a novelty in scientific practice. It is not. But the theorists’s ...
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... What are hidden variable theories? Hidden variable theories: • The behavior of the states in the theory are not only governed by measurable degrees of freedom but have additional ‘hidden’ degrees of freedom that complete the description of their behavior. • ‘Hidden’ because if states with prescribe ...
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... • Measure its quantum numbers, e.g. spin, parity, CP, … • Measure its self interactions (if relevant) ...
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... start of his career in the Imperial Russian capital of St. Petersburg [3]. Ostrogradsky studied and worked in Paris from 1822 through 1827. He knew the leading French mathematicians of the time, including Cauchy, who paid off his debts and secured him a teaching job. In 1826 Ostrogradsky stated and ...
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Lieb-Robinson bounds and the speed of light from topological order
Lieb-Robinson bounds and the speed of light from topological order

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Math 53, First Midterm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Name: Signature: TA`s Name

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Natural Nonlinear Quantum Units and Human Artificial Linear
Natural Nonlinear Quantum Units and Human Artificial Linear

... Nevertheless, modern “Planck scale physics“ relies on constants extrapolated from linear scales. Applying linear rules to nonlinear systems usually generates pseudo-scales and -predictions. This argument could vindicate fundamental high-energy scales that emerge by combining fundamental constants ob ...
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Topological Casimir effect in nanotubes and nanoloops
Topological Casimir effect in nanotubes and nanoloops

Three principles for canonical quantum gravity - Philsci
Three principles for canonical quantum gravity - Philsci

... The most elementary is the dimensionality of the space-time. Then its topology. Furthermore there is the dierential structure, the signature and nally the metric and elds. We will restrict our discussion to approaches that consider the dimension, dierential structure and signature as given (alth ...
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Waves and the Schroedinger Equation
Waves and the Schroedinger Equation

... • Operators have associated with them a set of eigenfuntions, that in turn have eigenvalues associated with them. • For an operator Ô, with wavefunctions, ψn related as: Ô ψn = an ψn • The functions are known as eigenfunctions and the a n are eigenvalues. • The eigenvalues for quantum mechanical o ...
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Thermodynamics: Kinetic Theory

...  Knowing the microscopic laws does not mean you understand the macroscopic laws.  Understanding the relationship between the microscopic/macroscopic is one of the major open problems in fundamental science today. ...
Quantum transfer operators and chaotic scattering Stéphane
Quantum transfer operators and chaotic scattering Stéphane

... Γ. We may then expect this dynamical structure to imply some form of quantum decay:√ indeed, a quantum state cannot be localized on a ball of radius smaller than h, and such a ball is not fully contained in Γ, so most of the ball will escape to infinity through the map T . On the other hand, quantum ...
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... (3) quantization via the correspondence principle SPP: solve Maxwell‘s equations, a general form of the vector potential A(r;t )→ a virtual square of area S = Lx *Ly is introduced on the surface.,a discretized form for A(r;t ) → Use the quantized Hamiltonian of a harmonic oscillator,including annihi ...
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Quantum Mechanics
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... In 1896 Zeeman discovered that in the presence of a magnetic field, some spectral lines were split into groups of closely spaced lines. The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic energy levels when the atoms are placed in a magnetic field. This effect confirms experimentally the quantization of an ...
Lecture 29: Motion in a Central Potential Phy851 Fall 2009
Lecture 29: Motion in a Central Potential Phy851 Fall 2009

... exactly solvable system plus a weak symmetry breaking perturbation – We can watch the levels evolve as we increase the perturbation strength, and therefore keep track of the quantum numbers ...
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Scalar field theory

In theoretical physics, scalar field theory can refer to a classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation.The only fundamental scalar quantum field that has been observed in nature is the Higgs field. However, scalar quantum fields feature in the effective field theory descriptions of many physical phenomena. An example is the pion, which is actually a pseudoscalar.Since they do not involve polarization complications, scalar fields are often the easiest to appreciate second quantization through. For this reason, scalar field theories are often used for purposes of introduction of novel concepts and techniques.The signature of the metric employed below is (+, −, −, −).
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