• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Hidden Variable Theory
Hidden Variable Theory

Energy Levels Of Hydrogen Atom Using Ladder Operators
Energy Levels Of Hydrogen Atom Using Ladder Operators

Pulsed field ionization of Rydberg atoms
Pulsed field ionization of Rydberg atoms

... distance r f , so that all of the radial functions have the property R n l (r f )50. With this condition, there is no continuum; there are only discrete states. For low n, this condition does not perturb the quantum states. But as n increases, eventually the states can reach r f and these states bec ...
Symmetry breaking - Corso di Fisica Nucleare
Symmetry breaking - Corso di Fisica Nucleare

Adiabatic condition - CReaTE - Canterbury Christ Church University
Adiabatic condition - CReaTE - Canterbury Christ Church University

Some Applications of Isotope - Based Technologies: Human
Some Applications of Isotope - Based Technologies: Human

... problem of information security and privacy. For electronic communications, the techniques of private and public key cryptography are becoming increasing popular. Cryptography provides integrity i.e. assures that the information was not modified while in transit. Identification and authentication ar ...
Fractional topological insulators
Fractional topological insulators

... Two quantum numbers characterizing a fractional state: n– the (spin) Hall conductivity e* - the smallest charge allowed for an excitation The question – can the edge states be gapped out without breaking time reversal symmetry ? The answer is determined by the parity of n/e*: ...
SCE 18 – Part 1
SCE 18 – Part 1

... (rather than his more popular: “Theory of Relativity” ). Einstein reinterpreted theory proposed by Berlin professor, Max Planck, five years earlier. He said energy, for example, light travelling from a star, reaches us as a series of packages: “Light Quanta”. If human eyes were more sensitive, we co ...
efectos de la presión hidrostática sobre la energía de enlace para
efectos de la presión hidrostática sobre la energía de enlace para

... The question of whether neutrino mass generation and DM are related has lead to a large number of models. In this work we focus on a particular realization, namely the radiative seesaw model [1]. In this scheme three right-handed neutrinos N j and a second Higgs doublet   (  , 0 ), odd under th ...
ppt
ppt

... Resonant coupling in both metastable and ground state is Possible in a magnetic fieldsuch that the Zeemann effect in the metastable compensates the light shift of level 1 ...
Momentum-Impulse Study Guide Elliot Silva with
Momentum-Impulse Study Guide Elliot Silva with

... Therefore, force is the time rate of change of the product of mass and velocity. The product of mass and velocity is called linear momentum, “p”, units: kgm/s , where momentum is a vector quantity in the same direction as velocity. So, A force, F, acts on a particle for a given period of time, from ...
Physics 535 lecture notes: - 7 Sep 25th, 2007 Reading: Griffiths
Physics 535 lecture notes: - 7 Sep 25th, 2007 Reading: Griffiths

... 1) The z components simply add m=m1+m2 2) The j(or l,s) components may be aligned j=j1+j2, opposite, j=|j1-j2| or anywhere inbetween, j=|j1-j2|,|j1-j2|+1…j1+j2. The coefficients that determine the probability of each state are called the ClebschGordan coefficients and can be looked up in the particl ...
Quantum Phase Transition and Emergent Symmetry in a Quadruple Quantum... Dong E. Liu, Shailesh Chandrasekharan, and Harold U. Baranger
Quantum Phase Transition and Emergent Symmetry in a Quadruple Quantum... Dong E. Liu, Shailesh Chandrasekharan, and Harold U. Baranger

Lecture notes, Chapter 6. Time Evolution in Quantum Mechanics
Lecture notes, Chapter 6. Time Evolution in Quantum Mechanics

量子力學
量子力學

... these two particles are not interacting with each other. Find the ground-state and first excited-state eigenenergies and eigenfunctions, if they are (a) identical fermions and (b) identical bosons. 13. A particle is in the ground state in a box with sides at x=0 and x=a. Suddenly the walls of the bo ...
Aharonov-Bohm effect
Aharonov-Bohm effect

Why the Glove of Mathematics Fits the Hand of the Natural Sciences
Why the Glove of Mathematics Fits the Hand of the Natural Sciences

Space and Time in Computation and Discrete Physics
Space and Time in Computation and Discrete Physics

... The frieze pattern or iterant ...abababab... is intrinsically a whole infinite form and not inherently spatial or temporal. The interpretation of an iterant as a sequential process is a convenient way of speaking, but the iterant is mathematically prior to the concepts of time and of space. By itsel ...
Spontaneous electromagnetic superconductivity of QCDxQED
Spontaneous electromagnetic superconductivity of QCDxQED

Quantum computation of scattering in scalar quantum field theories
Quantum computation of scattering in scalar quantum field theories

... perspective, the setup is therefore unorthodox in several respects. Only the spatial dimensions of the (Minkowski-space) theory are put on a lattice, as opposed to all spacetime dimensions of a Euclidean theory. The Schrödinger picture is used rather than the interaction picture, and the Hamiltonia ...
hep-th/0302002 PDF - at www.arxiv.org.
hep-th/0302002 PDF - at www.arxiv.org.

... Sections 3 and 4 are devoted to the two versions of the interaction picture, the covariant and time-dependent ones. All considerations are done in the general case of arbitrary Lagrangian depending on the quantum fields and their first derivatives. In particular, the Euler-Lagrange and Heisenberg eq ...
Appendix F The Strong Nuclear Force Coupling Constant, gs
Appendix F The Strong Nuclear Force Coupling Constant, gs

... with every other equally? If so, because the number of pairs of nucleons is N(N-1)/2, the total binding energy would increase according to this factor (which is roughly proportional N2 for large N). This is how the electrostatic Coulomb energy between the protons behaves (but with N replaced by Z, t ...
Probing Dark Energy with Atom Interferometry.
Probing Dark Energy with Atom Interferometry.

... The growing expansion rate of the universe, and the uneven distribution of light and matter within it, all lead to the conclusion that most of the energy in the universe is ‘dark energy’ [1]. The nature and origin of this energy are not understood. Within quantum field theory, the natural explanatio ...
Atoms, Molecules and Optical Physics 1 and 2
Atoms, Molecules and Optical Physics 1 and 2

... active and highly productive research in physics. And in spite of, or perhaps even because of its remarkable history the field continues to constitute an indispensable basis for any more profound understanding of nearly all branches of modern physics, physical chemistry and partially even biological ...
Distribution Theory for Tests Based on the Sample Distribution
Distribution Theory for Tests Based on the Sample Distribution

... of the sampling distributions of a wide range of test statistics. Efforts have been made to unify the treatment; for example, I have tried to relate the derivations for tests on the circle and the two-sample problem to the basic theory for the onesample problem on the line. I have also placed much e ...
< 1 ... 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 ... 358 >

Scalar field theory

In theoretical physics, scalar field theory can refer to a classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation.The only fundamental scalar quantum field that has been observed in nature is the Higgs field. However, scalar quantum fields feature in the effective field theory descriptions of many physical phenomena. An example is the pion, which is actually a pseudoscalar.Since they do not involve polarization complications, scalar fields are often the easiest to appreciate second quantization through. For this reason, scalar field theories are often used for purposes of introduction of novel concepts and techniques.The signature of the metric employed below is (+, −, −, −).
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report