Class #9 Projective plane, affine plane, hyperbolic plane,
... • Hyperbolic plane is also a model of incidence geometry • It satisfies hyperbolic parallel postulate: – For every line l and every point P not lying on l there are at least two lines that pass through P and are parallel to l. ...
... • Hyperbolic plane is also a model of incidence geometry • It satisfies hyperbolic parallel postulate: – For every line l and every point P not lying on l there are at least two lines that pass through P and are parallel to l. ...
2_M2306_Hist_chapter2
... A point P is called constructible from points P1, P2, … , Pn, if P can be obtained from these points with a finite sequence of elementary operations One can show that the points constructible from P1, P2, … , Pn are precisely the points which have coordinates in the set of numbers generated from the ...
... A point P is called constructible from points P1, P2, … , Pn, if P can be obtained from these points with a finite sequence of elementary operations One can show that the points constructible from P1, P2, … , Pn are precisely the points which have coordinates in the set of numbers generated from the ...
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... 6. parallelism, 7. perpendicularity, 8. corresponding angles in transversal cutting 9. intercept theorem 10. locus 11. dilation and translation, 12. rotation and reflection, 13. inversion of plane, 14. harmonic division, 15. angle of view, 16. compass and straightedge constructions Analytic geometry ...
... 6. parallelism, 7. perpendicularity, 8. corresponding angles in transversal cutting 9. intercept theorem 10. locus 11. dilation and translation, 12. rotation and reflection, 13. inversion of plane, 14. harmonic division, 15. angle of view, 16. compass and straightedge constructions Analytic geometry ...
Conic section
In mathematics, a conic section (or just conic) is a curve obtained as the intersection of a cone (more precisely, a right circular conical surface) with a plane. In analytic geometry, a conic may be defined as a plane algebraic curve of degree 2, and as a quadric of dimension 1. There are a number of other geometric definitions possible. One of the most useful, in that it involves only the plane, is that a non-circular conic consists of those points whose distances to some point, called a focus, and some line, called a directrix, are in a fixed ratio, called the eccentricity.Traditionally, the three types of conic section are the hyperbola, the parabola, and the ellipse. The circle is a special case of the ellipse, and is of sufficient interest in its own right that it is sometimes called the fourth type of conic section. The type of a conic corresponds to its eccentricity, those with eccentricity less than 1 being ellipses, those with eccentricity equal to 1 being parabolas, and those with eccentricity greater than 1 being hyperbolas. In the focus-directrix definition of a conic the circle is a limiting case with eccentricity 0. In modern geometry certain degenerate cases, such as the union of two lines, are included as conics as well.The conic sections have been named and studied at least since 200 BC, when Apollonius of Perga undertook a systematic study of their properties.