Three-dimensional cavity Doppler cooling and cavity sideband cooling.
... field, scattering events that reduce the atom’s kinetic energy are enhanced over those that increase it. Consequently, energy and entropy are transferred from the atom to the scattered-light field, and the atom is cooled in the process. For free particles this mechanism results in a dissipative Dopp ...
... field, scattering events that reduce the atom’s kinetic energy are enhanced over those that increase it. Consequently, energy and entropy are transferred from the atom to the scattered-light field, and the atom is cooled in the process. For free particles this mechanism results in a dissipative Dopp ...
Supplementary Information Quantum interference measurement of
... in (c) the solid red line represents a best fit to τs−1 = τΔs−1 + (τtf−1) exp(-Ea/kBT), both as ...
... in (c) the solid red line represents a best fit to τs−1 = τΔs−1 + (τtf−1) exp(-Ea/kBT), both as ...
Word - The Open University
... It's important to realise that the splitting of the wave packet illustrated in Figure 6 does not represent a splitting of the particle described by the wave packet. The normalisation of the wave packet is preserved throughout the scattering process (the area under each of the graphs in Figure 6 is e ...
... It's important to realise that the splitting of the wave packet illustrated in Figure 6 does not represent a splitting of the particle described by the wave packet. The normalisation of the wave packet is preserved throughout the scattering process (the area under each of the graphs in Figure 6 is e ...
Chapter 4: Crystal Lattice Dynamics
... Figure 2: Since the coefficients of potential between the atoms linked by the blue lines (m−n)βj ...
... Figure 2: Since the coefficients of potential between the atoms linked by the blue lines (m−n)βj ...
An accurate technique to record the angular distribution of
... resolution of the setup is. If the limiting factor is the size of the illuminated area, these contributions can be resolved. They will affect the observed shape of the backscattering cone. Because the reflection will on average increase the distance between first and last scattering event, the cone ...
... resolution of the setup is. If the limiting factor is the size of the illuminated area, these contributions can be resolved. They will affect the observed shape of the backscattering cone. Because the reflection will on average increase the distance between first and last scattering event, the cone ...
12-Rykov_PolarizedBeam24A_ICPPA_2016_20161013
... Brief overview of the SPASCHARM program The main goals: Systematic study of spin phenomena for a wide range of inclusive and exclusive reactions in collisions of high-energy polarized hadrons in the QCD nonperturbative region. The detector: Large acceptance forward spectrometer for charged and ...
... Brief overview of the SPASCHARM program The main goals: Systematic study of spin phenomena for a wide range of inclusive and exclusive reactions in collisions of high-energy polarized hadrons in the QCD nonperturbative region. The detector: Large acceptance forward spectrometer for charged and ...
Particle Physics 1
... Nikhef is the Dutch institute for subatomic physics. Although the name Nikhef is kept, the acronym ”Nationaal Instituut voor Kern en Hoge Energie Fysica” is no longer used. The name Nikhef is used to indicate simultaneously two overlapping organisations: • Nikhef is a national research lab funded by ...
... Nikhef is the Dutch institute for subatomic physics. Although the name Nikhef is kept, the acronym ”Nationaal Instituut voor Kern en Hoge Energie Fysica” is no longer used. The name Nikhef is used to indicate simultaneously two overlapping organisations: • Nikhef is a national research lab funded by ...
Optimum electromagnetic heating of nanoparticle
... 共 ⬃ 107 S / m兲. This is a skin effect issue, and the optimum value of skin depth 共␦兲 to maximize dissipation is found to be ␦ / a ⬃ 3, where a is radius. For electrically small objects such as electrically short cylinders and small spheres, the best possible theoretical conductivity to maximize dis ...
... 共 ⬃ 107 S / m兲. This is a skin effect issue, and the optimum value of skin depth 共␦兲 to maximize dissipation is found to be ␦ / a ⬃ 3, where a is radius. For electrically small objects such as electrically short cylinders and small spheres, the best possible theoretical conductivity to maximize dis ...
Accelerating Light Beams along Arbitrary Convex
... x ¼ an zn , with n ¼ 1:5, 2, 3, 4, 5. The constants an are chosen such that this family of beams will intersect at z ¼ 150 cm. Evidently, the beams accelerate along their predesigned curves, and are clearly discernable from one another, demonstrating our capability to form light beams which accelera ...
... x ¼ an zn , with n ¼ 1:5, 2, 3, 4, 5. The constants an are chosen such that this family of beams will intersect at z ¼ 150 cm. Evidently, the beams accelerate along their predesigned curves, and are clearly discernable from one another, demonstrating our capability to form light beams which accelera ...
Connection of scattering principles: a visual and
... w(x, t) to w(x, −t), the resulting wavefield is increasingly confined in the area defined by the causal and anti-causal cones (i.e., more energy is enclosed inside the two cones after more iterations). The extension of the iterative process in two dimensions still needs to be investigated; but we co ...
... w(x, t) to w(x, −t), the resulting wavefield is increasingly confined in the area defined by the causal and anti-causal cones (i.e., more energy is enclosed inside the two cones after more iterations). The extension of the iterative process in two dimensions still needs to be investigated; but we co ...
Optical Properties of Nanostructures
... 1.1.2.1. Scattering Mean Free Path. A mean free path is a characteristic length scale describing the scattering process. For instance, the scattering mean free path ℓs is defined as the average distance between two successive scattering events. For a random system composed of monodisperse scatters w ...
... 1.1.2.1. Scattering Mean Free Path. A mean free path is a characteristic length scale describing the scattering process. For instance, the scattering mean free path ℓs is defined as the average distance between two successive scattering events. For a random system composed of monodisperse scatters w ...
Structure and dynamics of electrorheological fluids
... their behavior through a Nikon Microphot-FXA optical microscope. Even at these high electric fields we were unable to observe electrophoresis of these particles, although at high applied frequencies field-induced particle chaining was observed and found to be reversible by Brownian motion alone, ind ...
... their behavior through a Nikon Microphot-FXA optical microscope. Even at these high electric fields we were unable to observe electrophoresis of these particles, although at high applied frequencies field-induced particle chaining was observed and found to be reversible by Brownian motion alone, ind ...
A Study on Rayleigh Backscattering Noise in Single Fiber
... areas, such as fiber-optic gyroscope based on Rayleigh backscattering in a fiber-ring resonator [12], light backscattered from absorbing solutions illuminated by a giant-pulse ruby laser [13], the direct observation of backscattering induced by sidewall roughness in high-index contrast optical waveg ...
... areas, such as fiber-optic gyroscope based on Rayleigh backscattering in a fiber-ring resonator [12], light backscattered from absorbing solutions illuminated by a giant-pulse ruby laser [13], the direct observation of backscattering induced by sidewall roughness in high-index contrast optical waveg ...
The Theory of the Rainbow
... path of a ray through a droplet. Because the droplet is assumed to be spherical all directions are equivalent and there is only one significant variable: the dis placement of the incident ray from an axis passing through the center of the droplet. That displacement is called the impact parameter. I ...
... path of a ray through a droplet. Because the droplet is assumed to be spherical all directions are equivalent and there is only one significant variable: the dis placement of the incident ray from an axis passing through the center of the droplet. That displacement is called the impact parameter. I ...
One-parameter two-term HenyeyŒGreenstein phase function for
... optical depth is much larger than 1兲 is azimuthally symmetric and can be written as L共, 兲 ⫽ L 0⌿共兲exp共⫺␥兲, ...
... optical depth is much larger than 1兲 is azimuthally symmetric and can be written as L共, 兲 ⫽ L 0⌿共兲exp共⫺␥兲, ...
Cite this as: G. Vasan, A. Erbe: Physical Chemistry Chemical
... obtained here should be a good approximation for cylinders whose length is much larger than the wavelength of the incident light. In this case, parallel to the interface, periodic boundary conditions have been used. Three-dimensional geometries with rotational symmetry have been investigated using c ...
... obtained here should be a good approximation for cylinders whose length is much larger than the wavelength of the incident light. In this case, parallel to the interface, periodic boundary conditions have been used. Three-dimensional geometries with rotational symmetry have been investigated using c ...
Lecture Notes 14.5: Classical Non-Relativistic Theory of Scattering of EM Radiation, Thomson and Rayleigh Scattering
... Classical, Non-Relativistic Theory of Scattering of Electromagnetic Radiation We present here the theory of scattering of electromagnetic radiation from the classical, nonrelativistic physics approach. A quantum-mechanical, fully-relativistic of this subject matter can also be obtained via the use o ...
... Classical, Non-Relativistic Theory of Scattering of Electromagnetic Radiation We present here the theory of scattering of electromagnetic radiation from the classical, nonrelativistic physics approach. A quantum-mechanical, fully-relativistic of this subject matter can also be obtained via the use o ...
Aalborg Universitet Slow-plasmon resonant-nanostrip antennas
... The nanostrips are placed in the focal plane of the illumination where the wave front is flat. The beam waist is furthermore much larger than a single strip 共the whole array of strips is illuminated兲. Note that except for a scaling factor, the scattering calculations considering scattered light in a ...
... The nanostrips are placed in the focal plane of the illumination where the wave front is flat. The beam waist is furthermore much larger than a single strip 共the whole array of strips is illuminated兲. Note that except for a scaling factor, the scattering calculations considering scattered light in a ...
Introducing many-body physics using atomic
... clutter. Here we assume the vector potential A(t) to be linearly polarized along the z axis in order to simplify further calculations. Note that we employ atomic units throughout this article to keep expressions conveniently concise (i.e., me = |e| = ~ = 1/(4πε0 ) = 1, where me is the electron mass, ...
... clutter. Here we assume the vector potential A(t) to be linearly polarized along the z axis in order to simplify further calculations. Note that we employ atomic units throughout this article to keep expressions conveniently concise (i.e., me = |e| = ~ = 1/(4πε0 ) = 1, where me is the electron mass, ...
CHAPTER 4 REFLECTED LIGHT OPTICS
... vector direction, then the indicatrix is the surface connecting the tips of these vectors. For an isotropic substance, therefore, the indicatrix is a sphere of radius n (Figure 4.3a). However, it should be noted that the value of n does still vary as a function ofwavelength oflight. For anisotropic ...
... vector direction, then the indicatrix is the surface connecting the tips of these vectors. For an isotropic substance, therefore, the indicatrix is a sphere of radius n (Figure 4.3a). However, it should be noted that the value of n does still vary as a function ofwavelength oflight. For anisotropic ...
pdf.file
... and even in the best case scenarios (see for example Figure 1) very different from the standard linear models of blurring and additive noise used in classical image restoration. This degradation process has an unpredictable component, which needs to be modeled statistically: fortunately, the roughne ...
... and even in the best case scenarios (see for example Figure 1) very different from the standard linear models of blurring and additive noise used in classical image restoration. This degradation process has an unpredictable component, which needs to be modeled statistically: fortunately, the roughne ...
Absorption spectra of plant pigments Objectives Procedure
... very reactive and may oxidize neighbouring molecules. This is what happens when the chlorophyll extract is subjected to prolonged illumination. A fraction of the chlorophyll molecules enters the triplet state, and their energy can be transferred to dissolved oxygen. The singlet oxygen molecules whic ...
... very reactive and may oxidize neighbouring molecules. This is what happens when the chlorophyll extract is subjected to prolonged illumination. A fraction of the chlorophyll molecules enters the triplet state, and their energy can be transferred to dissolved oxygen. The singlet oxygen molecules whic ...
Chapter 3 Nuclear Force and Two
... The function on the right-hand side of the equation is obviously even under a permutation of the indices of the two nucleons indicated by the subscripts. Since there is no other way to construct an ('3, M s ) = (1,l) state, the function given by Eq. (3-3) must he the intrinsic spin wave function for ...
... The function on the right-hand side of the equation is obviously even under a permutation of the indices of the two nucleons indicated by the subscripts. Since there is no other way to construct an ('3, M s ) = (1,l) state, the function given by Eq. (3-3) must he the intrinsic spin wave function for ...
Cross section (physics)
The cross section is an effective area that quantifies the intrinsic likelihood of a scattering event when an incident beam strikes a target object, made of discrete particles. The cross section of a particle is the same as the cross section of a hard object, if the probabilities of hitting them with a ray are the same. It is typically denoted σ and measured in units of area.In scattering experiments, one is often interested in knowing how likely a given event occurs. However, the rate depends strongly on experimental variables such as the density of the target material, the intensity of the beam, or the area of overlap between the beam and the target material. To control for these mundane differences, one can factor out these variables, resulting in an area-like quantity known as the cross section.