Wideband microwave measurements of the extinction cross section
... advantage of forward scattering and other bistatic radar systems is that they can be used to detect objects which have a low monostatic radar signature, see Ref. 23. In fact, shaping, which is a common method to reduce the monostatic RCS, is not an ecient method to reduce the forward RCS. The forwa ...
... advantage of forward scattering and other bistatic radar systems is that they can be used to detect objects which have a low monostatic radar signature, see Ref. 23. In fact, shaping, which is a common method to reduce the monostatic RCS, is not an ecient method to reduce the forward RCS. The forwa ...
Opto acoustic
... characterized by its scattering cross section [m2] and phase function p(), using Mie theory the scattering may be determined knowing; the size parameter (perimeter compared to wavelength), refractive index ratio between particle and media. ...
... characterized by its scattering cross section [m2] and phase function p(), using Mie theory the scattering may be determined knowing; the size parameter (perimeter compared to wavelength), refractive index ratio between particle and media. ...
Electron Impact Fragmentation of Size
... They should appear, according to the Newton diagram, between the two limiting monomer peaks. For the dimer forward scattering, a small amount of inelastic contribution was necessary for a better reproduction of the measured curve in addition to the elastic scattering. It appears at smaller velocitie ...
... They should appear, according to the Newton diagram, between the two limiting monomer peaks. For the dimer forward scattering, a small amount of inelastic contribution was necessary for a better reproduction of the measured curve in addition to the elastic scattering. It appears at smaller velocitie ...
Utilization of Thermal Neutrons
... Fission neutrons are produced with energies around 2 MeV, so they have to be cooled down for about 13 orders of magnitude to achieve ultra-cold region. First, their energy is reduced by reactor moderator usually being light or heavy water. The process is called thermalization, as they reach thermal ...
... Fission neutrons are produced with energies around 2 MeV, so they have to be cooled down for about 13 orders of magnitude to achieve ultra-cold region. First, their energy is reduced by reactor moderator usually being light or heavy water. The process is called thermalization, as they reach thermal ...
FORMATION OF SLOW ATOMIC NEGATIVE OXYGEN IONS IN
... 4. In collisions between the negative ions from the surfaces of the electrodes when negative ions pass through the slit of the beam-shaping system. To prevent the secondary electrons knocked out by the incoming-beam particles from the edges of the entrance and exit slits of the collision chamber fro ...
... 4. In collisions between the negative ions from the surfaces of the electrodes when negative ions pass through the slit of the beam-shaping system. To prevent the secondary electrons knocked out by the incoming-beam particles from the edges of the entrance and exit slits of the collision chamber fro ...
Atmospheric Optics 1
... different meanings of the word “extinction”, right). In our context extinction (which could also be called attenuation) means absorption plus scattering. The extinction coefficient therefore equals the absorption coefficient plus the scattering coefficient: ...
... different meanings of the word “extinction”, right). In our context extinction (which could also be called attenuation) means absorption plus scattering. The extinction coefficient therefore equals the absorption coefficient plus the scattering coefficient: ...
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter
... If there are no other factors in¯uencing the intensity of the radiation (i.e. we can ignore scattering and emission for the present ± although we will discuss these phenomena in section 3.4), the absorption length provides an order-ofmagnitude estimate for the distance that radiation will propagate ...
... If there are no other factors in¯uencing the intensity of the radiation (i.e. we can ignore scattering and emission for the present ± although we will discuss these phenomena in section 3.4), the absorption length provides an order-ofmagnitude estimate for the distance that radiation will propagate ...
Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction
... Fig. 2. (A) Calculated phase and amplitude of scattered light from a straight rod antenna made of a perfect electric conductor (20). The vertical dashed line indicates the first-order dipolar resonance of the antenna. (B) A V-antenna supports symmetric and antisymmetric modes, which are excited, res ...
... Fig. 2. (A) Calculated phase and amplitude of scattered light from a straight rod antenna made of a perfect electric conductor (20). The vertical dashed line indicates the first-order dipolar resonance of the antenna. (B) A V-antenna supports symmetric and antisymmetric modes, which are excited, res ...
glvt-cnrs.fr
... 3 )2 linked by moderately strong hydrogen bonds (figure 1) [11, 12]. Decoherence is cancelled by the dynamical separation of protons from the rest of the lattice [13]. Neutron diffraction reveals, in addition to Bragg’s peaks, rods of diffuse scattering, suggesting the existence of macroscopic state ...
... 3 )2 linked by moderately strong hydrogen bonds (figure 1) [11, 12]. Decoherence is cancelled by the dynamical separation of protons from the rest of the lattice [13]. Neutron diffraction reveals, in addition to Bragg’s peaks, rods of diffuse scattering, suggesting the existence of macroscopic state ...
Particle Sizing by Static Laser Light Scattering
... To fully describe light scattering phenomenon, familiarity with several supporting theories is required. That background is provided here, but only to the extent necessary to provide continuity in the discussions that follow. Detailed information is available from various sources and the reader will ...
... To fully describe light scattering phenomenon, familiarity with several supporting theories is required. That background is provided here, but only to the extent necessary to provide continuity in the discussions that follow. Detailed information is available from various sources and the reader will ...
Efficient and robust analysis of complex scattering data under noise... microwave resonators S. Probst, F. B. Song,
... spectrum, and spatial distribution at sea level of photons, electrons, and muons in showers as simulated by the Corsika [18] program with the QGS-II [19] model of hadronic interactions. We focus our attention on photons, which have high densities in the shower, and muons, which have excellent penetr ...
... spectrum, and spatial distribution at sea level of photons, electrons, and muons in showers as simulated by the Corsika [18] program with the QGS-II [19] model of hadronic interactions. We focus our attention on photons, which have high densities in the shower, and muons, which have excellent penetr ...
Get full text
... of cloud ice particle absorptions and consequently it depends also on the polarization state. However, since ice particles absorb little mm and sub-mm wave energy, we hereby neglect their contribution in τa2 . The attenuation caused by ice particle scattering is represented by τs2,β , which depends ...
... of cloud ice particle absorptions and consequently it depends also on the polarization state. However, since ice particles absorb little mm and sub-mm wave energy, we hereby neglect their contribution in τa2 . The attenuation caused by ice particle scattering is represented by τs2,β , which depends ...
Radiative transfer in ocean turbulence and its effect on underwater
... these cases, the variation of refractive index is the major factor contributing to the distortion of light beams. Both Lu et al. [2006] and Korotkova and Farwell [2011] used the spectral model of refractive index for the seawater, which was developed by Nikishov and Nikishov [2000] with the approxim ...
... these cases, the variation of refractive index is the major factor contributing to the distortion of light beams. Both Lu et al. [2006] and Korotkova and Farwell [2011] used the spectral model of refractive index for the seawater, which was developed by Nikishov and Nikishov [2000] with the approxim ...
Quantum dynamics and isotope effects of hydrogen
... interaction energy. However, in condensed or macroscopic systems, the density of states is very high. If the particles are completely non-interacting, the energy levels of this system are built by the sums of the energies of individual particles, each of which ranging over an infinite series of disc ...
... interaction energy. However, in condensed or macroscopic systems, the density of states is very high. If the particles are completely non-interacting, the energy levels of this system are built by the sums of the energies of individual particles, each of which ranging over an infinite series of disc ...
Electron Production in Proton Collisions: Total Cross Sections
... The ion is typically treated as a participant that is unchanged during the collision. The initial and final wave functions for the projectile and active electron are determined by the charge distribution of the ion. When independent-particle wave functions are used, theoretical considerations are gr ...
... The ion is typically treated as a participant that is unchanged during the collision. The initial and final wave functions for the projectile and active electron are determined by the charge distribution of the ion. When independent-particle wave functions are used, theoretical considerations are gr ...
Single Particle Spectroscopy Study of Metal-Film
... on the glass substrate. Interestingly, some particles show two clearly separated scattering peaks, while other particles show one predominant peak with a weaker shoulder. Note that in Figure 1b all the spectra have been normalized in order to facilitate direct comparison of peak positions. However, ...
... on the glass substrate. Interestingly, some particles show two clearly separated scattering peaks, while other particles show one predominant peak with a weaker shoulder. Note that in Figure 1b all the spectra have been normalized in order to facilitate direct comparison of peak positions. However, ...
Structure Analysis Technology for Amorphous Materials by
... There are also some reports about the property calculation from simulated structure models of amorphous materials (1)-(3). However, either the structure analyses or property calculation has not been widely utilized in engineering, since they require highly advanced technologies. Generally, in develo ...
... There are also some reports about the property calculation from simulated structure models of amorphous materials (1)-(3). However, either the structure analyses or property calculation has not been widely utilized in engineering, since they require highly advanced technologies. Generally, in develo ...
Correlated diffraction and fluorescence in the backscattering
... Fig. 1兲, is much more complex than indicated by the results of previous studies 关9兴. Indeed, another visual effect provided by this butterfly also occurs in the large yellow areas, the coloration of which is known to originate from a pigment called “papiliochrome.” The yellow reflectance actually in ...
... Fig. 1兲, is much more complex than indicated by the results of previous studies 关9兴. Indeed, another visual effect provided by this butterfly also occurs in the large yellow areas, the coloration of which is known to originate from a pigment called “papiliochrome.” The yellow reflectance actually in ...
Chemical reactivity of ultracold polar molecules: investigation of H+
... energies in the range 10−7 − 10−1 eV, for total angular momentum J = 0 and s-wave scattering in the entrance channel of the collisions. Cross sections and rate coefficients are characterized by resonance structures due to quasibound states associated with the formation of the H· · ·HCl and H· · ·DCl ...
... energies in the range 10−7 − 10−1 eV, for total angular momentum J = 0 and s-wave scattering in the entrance channel of the collisions. Cross sections and rate coefficients are characterized by resonance structures due to quasibound states associated with the formation of the H· · ·HCl and H· · ·DCl ...
LIGHT SCATTERING BY ICE CRYSTALS - Assets
... and the atmosphere, with applications to remote sensing and climate studies. This text was supposed to be a three- to four-year project; however, after sifting through the literature for about two years, gaps emerged on various subjects, including both fundamentals and applications. For this reason, ...
... and the atmosphere, with applications to remote sensing and climate studies. This text was supposed to be a three- to four-year project; however, after sifting through the literature for about two years, gaps emerged on various subjects, including both fundamentals and applications. For this reason, ...
Cross section (physics)
The cross section is an effective area that quantifies the intrinsic likelihood of a scattering event when an incident beam strikes a target object, made of discrete particles. The cross section of a particle is the same as the cross section of a hard object, if the probabilities of hitting them with a ray are the same. It is typically denoted σ and measured in units of area.In scattering experiments, one is often interested in knowing how likely a given event occurs. However, the rate depends strongly on experimental variables such as the density of the target material, the intensity of the beam, or the area of overlap between the beam and the target material. To control for these mundane differences, one can factor out these variables, resulting in an area-like quantity known as the cross section.