100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated that there are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed understanding of how activity triggers a loss of synaptic st ...
... Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated that there are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed understanding of how activity triggers a loss of synaptic st ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... size 10), 3) the angular dependence of the maximum dendritic extent from the soma (12 parameters, bin size 30, weight factor 2), and 4) the distribution of dendritic length along the y-axis (17 parameters, bin size 50 lm). The angular length distributions were aligned such that the maximum was at ...
... size 10), 3) the angular dependence of the maximum dendritic extent from the soma (12 parameters, bin size 30, weight factor 2), and 4) the distribution of dendritic length along the y-axis (17 parameters, bin size 50 lm). The angular length distributions were aligned such that the maximum was at ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... antibodies were purchased from LI-COR Biosciences and used at a dilution of 1:10,000. Spine analysis. Transfected cultures were fixed and stained with an antibody to GFP at DIV14, DIV21, DIV28, DIV35, and DIV42, as described above. All dendritic spines on one entire main dendrite per neuron (⬎180 m ...
... antibodies were purchased from LI-COR Biosciences and used at a dilution of 1:10,000. Spine analysis. Transfected cultures were fixed and stained with an antibody to GFP at DIV14, DIV21, DIV28, DIV35, and DIV42, as described above. All dendritic spines on one entire main dendrite per neuron (⬎180 m ...
Multiple Modes of Action Potential Initiation and Propagation in
... initiation and propagation in mitral cell primary dendrite. J Neurophysiol 88: 2755–2764, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00057.2002. The mitral cell primary dendrite plays an important role in transmitting distal olfactory nerve input from olfactory glomerulus to the soma-axon initial segment. To understand how d ...
... initiation and propagation in mitral cell primary dendrite. J Neurophysiol 88: 2755–2764, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00057.2002. The mitral cell primary dendrite plays an important role in transmitting distal olfactory nerve input from olfactory glomerulus to the soma-axon initial segment. To understand how d ...
Memory from the dynamics of intrinsic membrane currents
... memories were stored, showed that changes in network output could result solely from changes in synaptic strength (9). An attractive feature of synaptic modification is that it can be restricted to a subset of the synaptic connections made by a neuron, or made onto a neuron. And last, but not least, ...
... memories were stored, showed that changes in network output could result solely from changes in synaptic strength (9). An attractive feature of synaptic modification is that it can be restricted to a subset of the synaptic connections made by a neuron, or made onto a neuron. And last, but not least, ...
Simulation of myelinated neuron with focus on conduction speed
... Myelin sheath is a protective coat around the axon of a neuron and acts as an insulator to the electrical signal that is conducted down the axon as a neuron fires. This increases the conduction speed of action potential and thus is a critical factor in maintaining the proper communication within the ...
... Myelin sheath is a protective coat around the axon of a neuron and acts as an insulator to the electrical signal that is conducted down the axon as a neuron fires. This increases the conduction speed of action potential and thus is a critical factor in maintaining the proper communication within the ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... to one ear the output is not large enough. (B) Agmon-Snir et al. (1998) showed that dendrites of these neurons might implement a similar algorithm. Inputs from each ear arrive on one dendrite. Sublinear summation is achieved by the mutual shunting of the excitatory inputs, and the threshold is imple ...
... to one ear the output is not large enough. (B) Agmon-Snir et al. (1998) showed that dendrites of these neurons might implement a similar algorithm. Inputs from each ear arrive on one dendrite. Sublinear summation is achieved by the mutual shunting of the excitatory inputs, and the threshold is imple ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... to estimate the degree of shrinkage from exposure to aldehydes during the perfusion itself because it would have required surgery before perfusion for each individual case. This is not, however, a limitation in our study since we compared densities of synapses at different stages of maturation rathe ...
... to estimate the degree of shrinkage from exposure to aldehydes during the perfusion itself because it would have required surgery before perfusion for each individual case. This is not, however, a limitation in our study since we compared densities of synapses at different stages of maturation rathe ...
Glutamate Receptors Form Hot Spots on Apical Dendrites of
... studies have shown that NMDA and AMPA receptors are clustered at spines and often colocalized (Bekkers and Stevens 1989; Craig et al. 1994; Jones and Baughman 1991; Kornau et al. 1995; O’Brien et al. 1998; Rao and Craig 1997), glutamate receptors have also been detected and recorded at extrasynaptic ...
... studies have shown that NMDA and AMPA receptors are clustered at spines and often colocalized (Bekkers and Stevens 1989; Craig et al. 1994; Jones and Baughman 1991; Kornau et al. 1995; O’Brien et al. 1998; Rao and Craig 1997), glutamate receptors have also been detected and recorded at extrasynaptic ...
Synaptogenesis in the human cortex occurs between - UvA-DARE
... are kept in larger cages and in larger groups with the opportunity for social interaction. The environment is complex and is varied over the period of the experiments: tunnels, nesting material, toys and (often) food locations are changed frequently. In addition, animals are often given the opportun ...
... are kept in larger cages and in larger groups with the opportunity for social interaction. The environment is complex and is varied over the period of the experiments: tunnels, nesting material, toys and (often) food locations are changed frequently. In addition, animals are often given the opportun ...
Review Article Long-Term Memory Search across the
... the calcium-dependent kinase CAMKII and are able to spread laterally tens of microns away from the original LTP site [67–69]. Importantly, LTP may be induced by diffusing enzymes even in certain silent spines [66]. The entire dendritic branch is then able to memorize the stimulus direction for short ...
... the calcium-dependent kinase CAMKII and are able to spread laterally tens of microns away from the original LTP site [67–69]. Importantly, LTP may be induced by diffusing enzymes even in certain silent spines [66]. The entire dendritic branch is then able to memorize the stimulus direction for short ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... current through an electrode, by firing rapidly and regularly. In such a situation, the neuron acts as an integrator, and there is little correlation between the timing of its spikes and those of its inputs. If LTD dominates over LTP for random pre- and postsynaptic spike pairings21, this leads to a ...
... current through an electrode, by firing rapidly and regularly. In such a situation, the neuron acts as an integrator, and there is little correlation between the timing of its spikes and those of its inputs. If LTD dominates over LTP for random pre- and postsynaptic spike pairings21, this leads to a ...
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila
... it is possible that this activity depends on signaling through endocytosed receptors (Satoh et al., 2008). Mutations in shrub, which encodes a homolog of yeast Snf7 involved in trafficking from endosomes to lysosomes, also lead to hyperbranching, potentially owing to the defective modulation of rece ...
... it is possible that this activity depends on signaling through endocytosed receptors (Satoh et al., 2008). Mutations in shrub, which encodes a homolog of yeast Snf7 involved in trafficking from endosomes to lysosomes, also lead to hyperbranching, potentially owing to the defective modulation of rece ...
Realistic synaptic inputs for model neural networks
... firing anywhere near their maximal firing rates, it is hard to argue that this state has anything to do with actual brain function. Many suggestions have been made about how to get around the firing rate problem [IO-171. From this work it is known that nonlinear inhibition can solve the problem. Her ...
... firing anywhere near their maximal firing rates, it is hard to argue that this state has anything to do with actual brain function. Many suggestions have been made about how to get around the firing rate problem [IO-171. From this work it is known that nonlinear inhibition can solve the problem. Her ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... retinotectal connections and neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal cells (Fig. 2a and b). This form of LTP timing dependence provides a mechanism for realizing Hebb's original hypothesis that synapses are strengthened only when presynaptic activity causes postsynaptic firing. Such a causal relations ...
... retinotectal connections and neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal cells (Fig. 2a and b). This form of LTP timing dependence provides a mechanism for realizing Hebb's original hypothesis that synapses are strengthened only when presynaptic activity causes postsynaptic firing. Such a causal relations ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... visual areas located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Connections between areas in these two pathways are lamina-specific, and contrasting patterns of laminar origin and termination of pathways have been used to arrange visual areas into anatomical hierarchies (Rockland and Pandya, 1979; Wong-Ril ...
... visual areas located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Connections between areas in these two pathways are lamina-specific, and contrasting patterns of laminar origin and termination of pathways have been used to arrange visual areas into anatomical hierarchies (Rockland and Pandya, 1979; Wong-Ril ...
The tetrapartite synapse_ Extracellular matrix remodeling
... one from the prelimbic cortex (PL) terminating in the NAcore that promotes the initiation of drug seeking for all drugs tested (LaLumiere and Kalivas, 2008; McLaughlin and See, 2003; Rocha and Kalivas, 2010; Stefanik et al., 2013b; Willcocks and McNally, 2013), and a second from the infralimbic cort ...
... one from the prelimbic cortex (PL) terminating in the NAcore that promotes the initiation of drug seeking for all drugs tested (LaLumiere and Kalivas, 2008; McLaughlin and See, 2003; Rocha and Kalivas, 2010; Stefanik et al., 2013b; Willcocks and McNally, 2013), and a second from the infralimbic cort ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... 3.2 Other factors affecting arbor sizes One may argue that dendrites and axons have functions other than linking cell bodies to synapses and, therefore, the size of the arbors may be dictated by other considerations. Although I can not rule out this possibility, the primary function ofaxons and dend ...
... 3.2 Other factors affecting arbor sizes One may argue that dendrites and axons have functions other than linking cell bodies to synapses and, therefore, the size of the arbors may be dictated by other considerations. Although I can not rule out this possibility, the primary function ofaxons and dend ...
Theroleofdendritesinauditory coincidence detection
... may be understood. Our results show that, in these neurons, the cell morphology and the spatial distribution of the inputs enrich the computational power of these neurons beyond that expected from ‘point neurons’ (model neurons lacking dendrites). Over the past 40 years it has become widely accepted ...
... may be understood. Our results show that, in these neurons, the cell morphology and the spatial distribution of the inputs enrich the computational power of these neurons beyond that expected from ‘point neurons’ (model neurons lacking dendrites). Over the past 40 years it has become widely accepted ...
Mapping Function Onto Neuronal Morphology
... final morphologies and simulations of the electrophysiological neuronal dynamics should be compared with biological data. The compartmental models we used are based on the “well-established” description of current flow in neurons by the cable equation (Rall ...
... final morphologies and simulations of the electrophysiological neuronal dynamics should be compared with biological data. The compartmental models we used are based on the “well-established” description of current flow in neurons by the cable equation (Rall ...
Simulating in vivo-like Synaptic Input Patterns in Multicompartmental
... cortical neurons, which typically fire about 10 spikes per second in awake animals. Thus, the average cortical pyramidal neuron can be expected to receive roughly 100,000 synaptic events every second. Even for globus pallidus neurons, which have significantly less membrane surface area and receive m ...
... cortical neurons, which typically fire about 10 spikes per second in awake animals. Thus, the average cortical pyramidal neuron can be expected to receive roughly 100,000 synaptic events every second. Even for globus pallidus neurons, which have significantly less membrane surface area and receive m ...
Heading: Sensory Deprivation in Humans, Mice, and History Caleb B. Carson Running Head: Sensory Deprivation
... When we look at this case, as we looked at the results produced from sensory deprivation chamber tests done by Lilly, we can begin to theorise on our own, using Lillys data as a basis. It can be reasonably inferred, though not scientifically prove, that perhaps the cause of the woman's imaginary ...
... When we look at this case, as we looked at the results produced from sensory deprivation chamber tests done by Lilly, we can begin to theorise on our own, using Lillys data as a basis. It can be reasonably inferred, though not scientifically prove, that perhaps the cause of the woman's imaginary ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... Remarkably, the effects of afferents in maintaining dendritic form are often spatially localized to the sites of their contacts with the postsynaptic dendrite. This is most clearly evident in a series of elegant experiments in which afferents to the ventral dendrites of neurons in the nucleus lamina ...
... Remarkably, the effects of afferents in maintaining dendritic form are often spatially localized to the sites of their contacts with the postsynaptic dendrite. This is most clearly evident in a series of elegant experiments in which afferents to the ventral dendrites of neurons in the nucleus lamina ...
On the Role of Biophysical Properties of Cortical Neurons in Binding
... Neuroscience is progressing vigorously, and knowledge at different levels of description is rapidly accumulating. To establish relationships between results found at these different levels is one of the central challenges. In this simulation study, we demonstrate how microscopic cellular properties, ...
... Neuroscience is progressing vigorously, and knowledge at different levels of description is rapidly accumulating. To establish relationships between results found at these different levels is one of the central challenges. In this simulation study, we demonstrate how microscopic cellular properties, ...
Mechanisms of response homeostasis during retinocollicular map
... cell-by-cell basis. A, response homeostasis in β2−/− SC neurons (from Chandrasekaran et al. 2007, reproduced with persmission from the Society for Neuroscience). Both control and β2−/− neuron responses are fitted well by a line of slope −1, demonstrating that, in each cell, RF area and response are ...
... cell-by-cell basis. A, response homeostasis in β2−/− SC neurons (from Chandrasekaran et al. 2007, reproduced with persmission from the Society for Neuroscience). Both control and β2−/− neuron responses are fitted well by a line of slope −1, demonstrating that, in each cell, RF area and response are ...
Dendritic spine
A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single synapse of an axon. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strength and help transmit electrical signals to the neuron's cell body. Most spines have a bulbous head (the spine head), and a thin neck that connects the head of the spine to the shaft of the dendrite. The dendrites of a single neuron can contain hundreds to thousands of spines. In addition to spines providing an anatomical substrate for memory storage and synaptic transmission, they may also serve to increase the number of possible contacts between neurons.