Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Reelin Signaling in the Adult
... pave the path for new disciplines. Finally, the most recent and formative phase of my metamorphosis, has been under the tutelage of Dr. Edwin Weeber, who has provided unbridled support for my countless curiosities and epitomized the loving mentor that every graduate student longs for. One of the mos ...
... pave the path for new disciplines. Finally, the most recent and formative phase of my metamorphosis, has been under the tutelage of Dr. Edwin Weeber, who has provided unbridled support for my countless curiosities and epitomized the loving mentor that every graduate student longs for. One of the mos ...
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... series of experiments using loss-of-function mutant analysis, singlecell genetic rescue and RNAi, quantitative immunocytochemistry and deliberate overexpression. Based on these results, we propose a way in which the diffusible signal molecule Slit and the neuronally expressed receptor Robo control t ...
... series of experiments using loss-of-function mutant analysis, singlecell genetic rescue and RNAi, quantitative immunocytochemistry and deliberate overexpression. Based on these results, we propose a way in which the diffusible signal molecule Slit and the neuronally expressed receptor Robo control t ...
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... strengths of synaptic connections are altered. For example, long-term changes in synaptic connection may result in more postsynaptic receptors being embedded in the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in the strengthening of the synapse. Synaptic plasticity is also found to be the neural mechanism that ...
... strengths of synaptic connections are altered. For example, long-term changes in synaptic connection may result in more postsynaptic receptors being embedded in the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in the strengthening of the synapse. Synaptic plasticity is also found to be the neural mechanism that ...
A tale of two stories: astrocyte regulation of
... Activity-dependent modification of synaptic transmission critically moulds the properties of synaptic information transfer with important implications for computation performed by neuronal circuitry [1-4]. Multiple mechanisms could coexist in the same synapse, regulating the strength or the efficacy ...
... Activity-dependent modification of synaptic transmission critically moulds the properties of synaptic information transfer with important implications for computation performed by neuronal circuitry [1-4]. Multiple mechanisms could coexist in the same synapse, regulating the strength or the efficacy ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... a functional scaffold. This is not a passive scaffold, because the glial cells and neurons carry on a constant two-way dialogue that is essential for the computational operation of the neuronal circuits. Neuronal morphology reveals that information is received at one end (the dendritic tree) and is ...
... a functional scaffold. This is not a passive scaffold, because the glial cells and neurons carry on a constant two-way dialogue that is essential for the computational operation of the neuronal circuits. Neuronal morphology reveals that information is received at one end (the dendritic tree) and is ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... everything biological produces adaptive computation. Synapses, for example, change strength in real time, as Bernard Katz observed fifty years ago — not just slowly to sustain learning and memory. And there is a growing appreciation of how much they differ from passive linear junctions. Short-term p ...
... everything biological produces adaptive computation. Synapses, for example, change strength in real time, as Bernard Katz observed fifty years ago — not just slowly to sustain learning and memory. And there is a growing appreciation of how much they differ from passive linear junctions. Short-term p ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... can be modelled with high precision by using compact mathematical models with only few parameters. There are competitions held where the goal is to predict the electrical behavior of neuron, and these models reach a very high accuracy in the prediction of neuronal spike times [3]. With modern superc ...
... can be modelled with high precision by using compact mathematical models with only few parameters. There are competitions held where the goal is to predict the electrical behavior of neuron, and these models reach a very high accuracy in the prediction of neuronal spike times [3]. With modern superc ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... Figure 1.2 Organization of motor cortex and related areas ............................................ 17 Figure 1.3 Operant conditioning with Skinner box ............................................................. 19 Figure ...
... Figure 1.2 Organization of motor cortex and related areas ............................................ 17 Figure 1.3 Operant conditioning with Skinner box ............................................................. 19 Figure ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... (medium) including CLA-‐1c and d; CLA-‐1S (short) including CLA-‐1e and f (fig. 1H). Each isoform can be ...
... (medium) including CLA-‐1c and d; CLA-‐1S (short) including CLA-‐1e and f (fig. 1H). Each isoform can be ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... (medium) including CLA-‐1c and d; CLA-‐1S (short) including CLA-‐1e and f (fig. 1H). Each isoform can be ...
... (medium) including CLA-‐1c and d; CLA-‐1S (short) including CLA-‐1e and f (fig. 1H). Each isoform can be ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... they begin to form relatively crude functional connections. These initial connections undergo substantial synaptic rearrangements during development, which result in precise, mature neuronal circuitry. In many parts of the nervous system, elimination of exuberant inputs is a key process of developme ...
... they begin to form relatively crude functional connections. These initial connections undergo substantial synaptic rearrangements during development, which result in precise, mature neuronal circuitry. In many parts of the nervous system, elimination of exuberant inputs is a key process of developme ...
Neuronal LRP1 Knockout in Adult Mice Leads to Impaired Brain
... further show that the levels of glutamate receptor subunits NMDA receptor 1 and Glu receptor 1 are selectively reduced in LRP1 forebrain knock-out mice and in LRP1 knockdown neurons, which is partially rescued by restoring neuronal cholesterol. Together, these studies support a critical role for LRP ...
... further show that the levels of glutamate receptor subunits NMDA receptor 1 and Glu receptor 1 are selectively reduced in LRP1 forebrain knock-out mice and in LRP1 knockdown neurons, which is partially rescued by restoring neuronal cholesterol. Together, these studies support a critical role for LRP ...
Relative Contributions of Specific Activity Histories and
... The experiments were carried out in a system based on networks of rat cortical neurons growing on thin glass MEA substrates, automated confocal microscopy, and genetically encoded fluorescent reporters. This system, which we have previously used to explore relationships between activity and remodeli ...
... The experiments were carried out in a system based on networks of rat cortical neurons growing on thin glass MEA substrates, automated confocal microscopy, and genetically encoded fluorescent reporters. This system, which we have previously used to explore relationships between activity and remodeli ...
microcircuits in the striatum striatal cell types and their
... Figure 2. Paired whole cell recordings of spiny neurons in organotypic cocultures. A. Spontaneous cortical activity in the culture (not shown) drives spiny neurons through up and down state transitions. Up states are characterized by a relatively fast transition from the down state at ~ -80 mV to th ...
... Figure 2. Paired whole cell recordings of spiny neurons in organotypic cocultures. A. Spontaneous cortical activity in the culture (not shown) drives spiny neurons through up and down state transitions. Up states are characterized by a relatively fast transition from the down state at ~ -80 mV to th ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... neurophysiological observations in the goldfish horizontal canal system indicated reciprocal inhibition and excitation (Baker et al. 1986, 1987a, 1994). Eye velocity and position signals have been recorded from hindbrain neurons presumed homologous to those in the mammalian vestibular and prepositus ...
... neurophysiological observations in the goldfish horizontal canal system indicated reciprocal inhibition and excitation (Baker et al. 1986, 1987a, 1994). Eye velocity and position signals have been recorded from hindbrain neurons presumed homologous to those in the mammalian vestibular and prepositus ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... that synaptic inhibition from SOM neurons can act very locally on dendrites, even controlling ...
... that synaptic inhibition from SOM neurons can act very locally on dendrites, even controlling ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Localize to Synapses under Energy Stress to
... observed that mutations in endophilin did not enhance the hypoxia-induced pfk-1.1 phenotype (Figure 3J). These observations suggest that the synaptic vesicle defect observed in pfk-1.1 mutant animals could result from inhibition of endocytosis due to decreased rates of glycolysis. If pfk-1.1 mutants ...
... observed that mutations in endophilin did not enhance the hypoxia-induced pfk-1.1 phenotype (Figure 3J). These observations suggest that the synaptic vesicle defect observed in pfk-1.1 mutant animals could result from inhibition of endocytosis due to decreased rates of glycolysis. If pfk-1.1 mutants ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
Organelle motility and metabolism in axons vs dendrites of cultured
... driven toward and accumulate in active axonal growth cones, which are probable regions of high ATP consumption, and to evacuate inactive growth cones (Morris and Hollenbeck, 1993). In addition, autophagic vacuoles exhibit an increased rate of formation and upregulation of net retrograde axonal trans ...
... driven toward and accumulate in active axonal growth cones, which are probable regions of high ATP consumption, and to evacuate inactive growth cones (Morris and Hollenbeck, 1993). In addition, autophagic vacuoles exhibit an increased rate of formation and upregulation of net retrograde axonal trans ...
Inan et al., 2006
... layer IV) on a vibratome (VT1000S; Leica) into 50-m-thick tangential sections. Sections were then mounted and dried for 1 d on a slide warmer at 37°C. Slides were dehydrated and rehydrated in graded alcohol, then fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and stained with 0.2% cresyl violet solut ...
... layer IV) on a vibratome (VT1000S; Leica) into 50-m-thick tangential sections. Sections were then mounted and dried for 1 d on a slide warmer at 37°C. Slides were dehydrated and rehydrated in graded alcohol, then fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and stained with 0.2% cresyl violet solut ...
Filamentous contacts: the ultrastructure and three
... General ultrastructural characteristics and three-dimensional arrangement. &p.1:Filamentous contacts are almost invariably found along the interface between the axon terminals of specific afferents and the shaft of TCR cell dendrites at the sites of synaptic glomeruli and, in sections cut perpendicu ...
... General ultrastructural characteristics and three-dimensional arrangement. &p.1:Filamentous contacts are almost invariably found along the interface between the axon terminals of specific afferents and the shaft of TCR cell dendrites at the sites of synaptic glomeruli and, in sections cut perpendicu ...
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
... processing. They receive excitatory input from olfactory receptor neurons in glomeruli and transmit signals to the mushroom body and lateral horn. Cerebellar granule neurons. The most numerous neurons of the brain, these offer an ideal system for biochemical, morphological and physiological studies. ...
... processing. They receive excitatory input from olfactory receptor neurons in glomeruli and transmit signals to the mushroom body and lateral horn. Cerebellar granule neurons. The most numerous neurons of the brain, these offer an ideal system for biochemical, morphological and physiological studies. ...
cortical input to the basal forebrain
... *Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, U.S.A. †Department of Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ‡University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A. §Department of Basic Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee ...
... *Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, U.S.A. †Department of Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ‡University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A. §Department of Basic Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee ...
Dendritic spine
A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single synapse of an axon. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strength and help transmit electrical signals to the neuron's cell body. Most spines have a bulbous head (the spine head), and a thin neck that connects the head of the spine to the shaft of the dendrite. The dendrites of a single neuron can contain hundreds to thousands of spines. In addition to spines providing an anatomical substrate for memory storage and synaptic transmission, they may also serve to increase the number of possible contacts between neurons.