Mid Term Solutions - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... a. (5 points) If a 50 amino acid polypeptide were to sample all of its possible conformations in order to fold, how long would this process take? Assume that each amino acid residue can have three different conformations and it takes one picosecond (10-12) to convert between structures. b. (5 points ...
... a. (5 points) If a 50 amino acid polypeptide were to sample all of its possible conformations in order to fold, how long would this process take? Assume that each amino acid residue can have three different conformations and it takes one picosecond (10-12) to convert between structures. b. (5 points ...
In Vitro Protein Synthesis of Perdeuterated Proteins for NMR Studies
... It is well documented that high levels of deuteration are indispensable for solution NMR studies of polypeptides in structures of sizes above 40 kDa (Fiaux et al., 2002; LeMaster 1989; Pachter et al. 1992). In addition to studies on protein structure and dynamics, obtaining a perdeuterated backgroun ...
... It is well documented that high levels of deuteration are indispensable for solution NMR studies of polypeptides in structures of sizes above 40 kDa (Fiaux et al., 2002; LeMaster 1989; Pachter et al. 1992). In addition to studies on protein structure and dynamics, obtaining a perdeuterated backgroun ...
An RNA-binding domain in the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus
... the B protein interact with the RNA in a similar manner. The same experiment using the messenger sense M2 riboprobe gave similar results (data not shown), except that part of the probe migrated faster in lanes N and B. This increased mobility is probably due to the large size (250 nt) of the ribopro ...
... the B protein interact with the RNA in a similar manner. The same experiment using the messenger sense M2 riboprobe gave similar results (data not shown), except that part of the probe migrated faster in lanes N and B. This increased mobility is probably due to the large size (250 nt) of the ribopro ...
Analysis - The Journal of Cell Biology
... are modulated both by protein kinases and phosphatases. Although the importance of kinases in this process has long been recognized, an appreciation for the complex and fundamental role of phosphatases is more recent. Through extensive biochemical and genetic analysis, we now know that pathways are ...
... are modulated both by protein kinases and phosphatases. Although the importance of kinases in this process has long been recognized, an appreciation for the complex and fundamental role of phosphatases is more recent. Through extensive biochemical and genetic analysis, we now know that pathways are ...
HIV Attachment & Entry: Insights into pathogenesis and
... does NOT down-regulate HLA-C and HLA-E, which inhibit NK-cell mediated cell lysis Thus, efficiency of CTL-mediated lysis (adaptive immunity) is reduced without increasing increasing susceptibility to NK cell lysis ...
... does NOT down-regulate HLA-C and HLA-E, which inhibit NK-cell mediated cell lysis Thus, efficiency of CTL-mediated lysis (adaptive immunity) is reduced without increasing increasing susceptibility to NK cell lysis ...
CH 5 PP updated 3-21
... – Cyclin dependent kinase (cdc2) – small • Activates kinase by phosphorylating target proteins • i.e. histones, nuclear envelope lamin proteins, and cytoplasmic myosin subunits ...
... – Cyclin dependent kinase (cdc2) – small • Activates kinase by phosphorylating target proteins • i.e. histones, nuclear envelope lamin proteins, and cytoplasmic myosin subunits ...
The Heliothis Virescens Cadherin Protein Expressed in Drosophila
... Cry1Ac toxicity in H. Virescens or M. sexta larvae (12). In contrast, comparable amounts of a similar peptide containing the Cry1Ab toxin-binding region from the M. sexta BtR1 cadherin completely inhibited Cry1Ab toxicity toward M. sexta larvae (14). In agreement with these results, Cry1A toxins bou ...
... Cry1Ac toxicity in H. Virescens or M. sexta larvae (12). In contrast, comparable amounts of a similar peptide containing the Cry1Ab toxin-binding region from the M. sexta BtR1 cadherin completely inhibited Cry1Ab toxicity toward M. sexta larvae (14). In agreement with these results, Cry1A toxins bou ...
Passive and Active Transport
... THE CELL MEMBRANE: DIFFUSION • What factors determine whether diffusion occurs across a membrane? • Is there equilibrium between the inside & outside of the cell membrane? • If the answer is no then diffusion will occur. • How permeable is the membrane? • selectively permeable – description of a bio ...
... THE CELL MEMBRANE: DIFFUSION • What factors determine whether diffusion occurs across a membrane? • Is there equilibrium between the inside & outside of the cell membrane? • If the answer is no then diffusion will occur. • How permeable is the membrane? • selectively permeable – description of a bio ...
Exam #1
... 37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes? a. They speed up the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up in the process. b. They are all proteins. c. They are most active at low temperatures around 53 degrees C. d. They have active sites and act on specific substances calle ...
... 37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes? a. They speed up the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up in the process. b. They are all proteins. c. They are most active at low temperatures around 53 degrees C. d. They have active sites and act on specific substances calle ...
THE EFFECT OF VIOLENCE EXPOSURE ON
... biomarkers in tissues that are accessible with relatively low invasiveness, such as blood and saliva. In the blood, biomarkers can be analyzed as proteins or metabolites, in the plasma or serum, using quantitative techniques such as ELISA and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Additionally, blood ...
... biomarkers in tissues that are accessible with relatively low invasiveness, such as blood and saliva. In the blood, biomarkers can be analyzed as proteins or metabolites, in the plasma or serum, using quantitative techniques such as ELISA and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Additionally, blood ...
Chemical Elements and water
... a body or substance that acts to unite them. Hydrogen bonds link water molecules together. This creates a “skin” on the surface of the water (surface tension) which can make it difficult for small objects to break trough. Water is used as a transport medium in the xylem of plants. Adhesion is the te ...
... a body or substance that acts to unite them. Hydrogen bonds link water molecules together. This creates a “skin” on the surface of the water (surface tension) which can make it difficult for small objects to break trough. Water is used as a transport medium in the xylem of plants. Adhesion is the te ...
Lecture 12 Electromyography
... • Active response of excitable membranes in nerve and muscle fibers produced by sodium and potassium channels opening in response to a stimulus • AP abide by the all-or-none principle • If MP reaches threshold voltage then Na+ channels open at first (Which direction will Na+ flow?) • Na+ channels on ...
... • Active response of excitable membranes in nerve and muscle fibers produced by sodium and potassium channels opening in response to a stimulus • AP abide by the all-or-none principle • If MP reaches threshold voltage then Na+ channels open at first (Which direction will Na+ flow?) • Na+ channels on ...
Biology 251 Fall 2015 1 TOPIC 4: ACTION POTENTIALS AND
... Don’t want action potential moving in both directions on axon, so a refractory period is required to keep APs from bouncing back and forth in a neuron. b) Absolute refractory period: Na+ gates are closed and inactivated; no action potential can occur c) Relative refractory period:action potential ca ...
... Don’t want action potential moving in both directions on axon, so a refractory period is required to keep APs from bouncing back and forth in a neuron. b) Absolute refractory period: Na+ gates are closed and inactivated; no action potential can occur c) Relative refractory period:action potential ca ...
Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria Selective Extermination
... Antibiotics and genes in waste-water encoding for antibiotic resistance are discharged from areas such as hospitals into environmental reservoirs, allowing for further spreading of antibiotic resistance throughout discharge routes[1]. A platform on which ARB can be selectively captured is therefore ...
... Antibiotics and genes in waste-water encoding for antibiotic resistance are discharged from areas such as hospitals into environmental reservoirs, allowing for further spreading of antibiotic resistance throughout discharge routes[1]. A platform on which ARB can be selectively captured is therefore ...
Cellular Transport PDF
... Have students study the following information to respond to the prompt. Cells draw on materials from their environments to sustain cellular functions. The structure of a cell membrane plays an essential role in maintaining a cell's health. As a semi-permeable plasma membrane it serves as a barrier b ...
... Have students study the following information to respond to the prompt. Cells draw on materials from their environments to sustain cellular functions. The structure of a cell membrane plays an essential role in maintaining a cell's health. As a semi-permeable plasma membrane it serves as a barrier b ...
Macromolecules
... The USDA suggests that we eat a certain proportion of the basic food groups. Find and cut out a nutrition label from a food you eat often. Paste this nutrition label to a piece of paper and answer these questions in the area around your label: List: Serving size (grams), # of servings per container, ...
... The USDA suggests that we eat a certain proportion of the basic food groups. Find and cut out a nutrition label from a food you eat often. Paste this nutrition label to a piece of paper and answer these questions in the area around your label: List: Serving size (grams), # of servings per container, ...
Exam 3 Stats
... 4. Signaling: long-distance (e.g. insulin) or short-distance; gene-regulatory proteins; receptor proteins ...
... 4. Signaling: long-distance (e.g. insulin) or short-distance; gene-regulatory proteins; receptor proteins ...
Pfannschmidt 2010 TI..
... the envelope by unknown means [45]. Photosynthetic redox signals from the plastoquinone pool seem to be converted into a phosphorylation cascade [46,47] but no substrates have so far been identified. An earlier study implicated a protein dissociating from the plastidial envelope and binding the Lhcb ...
... the envelope by unknown means [45]. Photosynthetic redox signals from the plastoquinone pool seem to be converted into a phosphorylation cascade [46,47] but no substrates have so far been identified. An earlier study implicated a protein dissociating from the plastidial envelope and binding the Lhcb ...
Here
... all the cell organelles listed on the next page. Choose your list of organelles based upon whether you want to make a poster of a plant cell or an animal cell (for this assignment, each has the same number of organelles). The key to earning the maximum number of points for this assignment is to be a ...
... all the cell organelles listed on the next page. Choose your list of organelles based upon whether you want to make a poster of a plant cell or an animal cell (for this assignment, each has the same number of organelles). The key to earning the maximum number of points for this assignment is to be a ...
Diffusion
... 1. water flowing into the cell than flowing out of the cell 2. water flowing out of the cell than flowing into the cell 3. salt flowing into the cell than flowing out of the cell 4. salt flowing out of the cell than flowing into the cell ...
... 1. water flowing into the cell than flowing out of the cell 2. water flowing out of the cell than flowing into the cell 3. salt flowing into the cell than flowing out of the cell 4. salt flowing out of the cell than flowing into the cell ...
Plant Cytokinesis - Semantic Scholar
... microtubules via a pair of kinked, rod-shaped structures (Figure 1B). These connecting elements resemble the kinesin molecules seen in earlier studies linking latex beads incubated with kinesin to microtubules, and linking membrane-bounded organelles to microtubules in neurons [8]. The work of Otegu ...
... microtubules via a pair of kinked, rod-shaped structures (Figure 1B). These connecting elements resemble the kinesin molecules seen in earlier studies linking latex beads incubated with kinesin to microtubules, and linking membrane-bounded organelles to microtubules in neurons [8]. The work of Otegu ...
Membrane potential moves toward the K equilibrium
... Real membrane potential for typical neuron is –70 mV. Not equal to the equilibrium potential of Na+, +72 mV Not equal the equilibrium potential of K+, -90 mV Real membrane potential is –70 mV, closer to K+ equilibrium potential because membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+. K+ diffuses down i ...
... Real membrane potential for typical neuron is –70 mV. Not equal to the equilibrium potential of Na+, +72 mV Not equal the equilibrium potential of K+, -90 mV Real membrane potential is –70 mV, closer to K+ equilibrium potential because membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+. K+ diffuses down i ...
Batteries convert chemically stored energy to electrical energy, and
... unfavorable) reactions. Many of their reactions involve oxidation/reduction couples. So the cell has energy. What do they use it for? Three main activities 1. Chemical energy - synthesis of complex biological molecules. In other words, to make more of themselves. 2. Transport - Cells often live in d ...
... unfavorable) reactions. Many of their reactions involve oxidation/reduction couples. So the cell has energy. What do they use it for? Three main activities 1. Chemical energy - synthesis of complex biological molecules. In other words, to make more of themselves. 2. Transport - Cells often live in d ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.